Sirkulasi Darah Fetus aka Janin

Catatan En

6 Oct 202011:54

Summary

TLDRThis video script delves into the fetal circulation system, highlighting the differences between adult and fetal circulation. It explains how a fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through the placenta, as its lungs are not yet functional. The script outlines the anatomical differences in the heart, with the presence of shunts like the ductus venosus and foramen ovale, which facilitate circulation. After birth, these shunts close as the baby's lungs begin to function, and the heart transitions to adult circulation. The video aims to educate viewers on the fascinating changes in the circulatory system from fetal life to infancy.

Takeaways

😀 The fetal circulation system differs significantly from that of an adult, as the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta rather than directly from the environment.
🌟 The fetus receives oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood from the mother via the umbilical vein, which then bypasses the liver and mixes with deoxygenated blood in the heart.
💡 The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver and ensuring the heart receives well-oxygenated blood.
🔍 The foramen ovale, a fetal heart structure, allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, ensuring the circulation of oxygenated blood to the body.
🚫 The lungs of the fetus are non-functional in utero, leading to the presence of the ductus arteriosus, which shunts blood away from the lungs and into the systemic circulation.
🌱 After birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, triggering a series of physiological changes that lead to the closure of fetal circulatory pathways.
📉 The increase in oxygen levels post-birth and the decrease in prostaglandins cause the ductus arteriosus to constrict and eventually close.
🛑 The lungs begin to function after birth, increasing blood oxygenation and leading to the closure of the foramen ovale as the left atrial pressure rises.
⏳ The closure of fetal circulatory structures such as the ductus venosus and foramen ovale typically occurs within hours to days after birth, but the exact timing can vary.
🔎 The exact time frame for the complete disappearance of fetal circulatory structures is not well-defined and can range from days to weeks, emphasizing the complexity of the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

Q & A

What is the main difference between adult circulation and fetal circulation?
-The main difference is that adults receive oxygen directly from the outside environment through their lungs, while fetuses receive oxygen and nutrients through the placenta from their mother.
How does a fetus obtain oxygen and nutrients?
-A fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients through the placenta from the mother's blood supply.
What are the two main blood vessels that connect the fetus to the placenta?
-The two main blood vessels are the umbilical vein, which carries oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the fetus, and the umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood and waste away from the fetus.
What is the function of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?
-The ductus venosus allows oxygen-rich blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and directly enter the inferior vena cava, which leads to the heart.
Why does the foramen ovale open in a fetus?
-The foramen ovale opens to allow blood to bypass the non-functioning lungs by directing it from the right atrium to the left atrium, ensuring oxygenated blood is circulated to the rest of the body.
What is the role of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?
-The ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting it from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, ensuring that blood is oxygenated through the placenta.
How does the circulation change after a baby is born?
-After birth, the baby's lungs begin to function, and the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close, redirecting blood flow to the lungs for oxygenation.
What causes the closure of the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale after birth?
-The closure is triggered by the increase in oxygen levels in the blood as the baby starts breathing, and the decrease in prostaglandins which were maintaining the patency of these structures in utero.
What happens to the umbilical vessels after the baby is born?
-After the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, and the umbilical vessels undergo vasoconstriction and eventually close off.
How long does it take for the fetal blood vessels to close after birth?
-The timing can vary, but the ductus arteriosus typically constricts within 1-2 hours after birth. The foramen ovale and ductus venosus may take days to weeks to close completely.
What is the significance of the changes in fetal circulation after birth?
-The changes in fetal circulation after birth are significant as they transition the baby from a placental-based oxygen supply to a lung-based respiratory system, which is essential for the baby's survival outside the womb.

Outlines

00:00

🌟 Fetal Circulation and Heart Anatomy

This paragraph discusses the differences in blood circulation between adults and fetuses. In adults, oxygen is directly obtained from the outside environment through the lungs, while fetuses receive oxygen and nutrients through the placenta from the mother. The speaker briefly touches on the anatomy of an adult human, detailing the path of oxygenated blood through the heart's chambers and the pulmonary and systemic circuits. In contrast, fetal circulation involves a shunt or bypass that allows blood to mix between the mother and the fetus. The fetus has a different heart anatomy with structures like the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale that facilitate this unique circulation pattern. After birth, as the baby's lungs begin to function, the heart transitions to an adult-like circulation.

05:01

🔍 Detailed Explanation of Fetal Blood Circulation

The second paragraph delves deeper into the specifics of fetal blood circulation. It starts with the exchange of blood in the placenta, where the fetus receives oxygen-rich blood and nutrients. The paragraph describes the umbilical arteries and veins, which carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta and oxygenated blood back to the fetus, respectively. The ductus venosus is highlighted as a shunt that allows blood to bypass the liver and mix with blood returning from the placenta. The foramen ovale is another critical structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs by directing it from the right atrium to the left atrium. The ductus arteriosus is mentioned as a final shunt that channels blood away from the non-functional lungs to the rest of the body. After birth, these structures close as the baby's lungs begin to function, and the blood circulation pattern shifts to that of an adult.

10:04

🛑 Changes in Circulation Post-Birth

The final paragraph addresses the changes in blood circulation that occur after birth. It explains how the umbilical cord is cut, leading to resistance in the placental blood vessels, which in turn triggers vasoconstriction and the eventual closure of the fetal circulation pathways. The paragraph also discusses the role of oxygen levels in promoting the closure of the ductus arteriosus and the reduction of prostaglandins, which are responsible for keeping the ductus open during fetal life. The closure of the foramen ovale and ductus venosus is also mentioned, with the timing of these closures being variable and dependent on the baby's development and lung function. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the complexity of the fetal circulation system and the intricacies of its transition to an adult circulation pattern after birth.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Circulation

Circulation in the context of the video refers to the process of blood flow through the body. It is central to the video's theme as it discusses the differences between fetal and adult circulation. In the script, it is mentioned that an adult's blood circulation is direct from the lungs to the heart and then to the rest of the body, while a fetus receives oxygenated blood and nutrients through the placenta, highlighting the unique circulation patterns within the womb.

💡Placenta

The placenta is a vital organ in the video's discussion of fetal development. It serves as the interface between the mother and the fetus, facilitating the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. The script explains that the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients through the placenta, which is essential for its growth and development within the womb.

💡Ductus Venosus

Ductus venosus is a shunt in the fetal circulatory system that allows blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to bypass the liver and travel directly to the heart. The video script describes how this shunt plays a crucial role in fetal circulation, ensuring that the fetus receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for its development.

💡Foramen Ovale

Foramen ovale is a hole in the heart of a fetus that allows blood to bypass the lungs by directing it from the right atrium to the left atrium. The video script explains that this is essential for fetal circulation since the lungs are not yet used for respiration. After birth, the foramen ovale typically closes as the lungs begin to function, and the circulatory system adjusts to the postnatal state.

💡Ductus Arteriosus

Ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetus, allowing blood to bypass the non-functioning lungs. The video script mentions that after birth, the ductus arteriosus closes as the lungs begin to function, and the circulatory system adapts to the new oxygen-rich environment.

💡Umbilical Arteries and Veins

Umbilical arteries and veins are the blood vessels that connect the fetus to the placenta. The video script describes how the umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, where it picks up oxygen and nutrients. The oxygenated blood then returns to the fetus through the umbilical vein, which is a critical part of the fetal circulation system.

💡Vasconstriction

Vasconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which is a physiological response mentioned in the video script. After birth, the placenta is detached, and the umbilical vessels undergo vasconstriction, leading to their closure. This process is part of the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, as the baby's body adapts to breathing and oxygenation through the lungs.

💡Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that play a role in maintaining the patency of the ductus arteriosus during fetal life. The video script explains that after birth, a decrease in prostaglandin levels contributes to the closure of the ductus arteriosus, as the baby's circulatory system shifts to use the lungs for oxygenation.

💡Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation refers to the unique blood flow patterns within a developing fetus. The video script details how fetal circulation differs from adult circulation, with special pathways like the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus facilitating the exchange of oxygen and nutrients. This concept is central to understanding the developmental changes that occur as a baby transitions from the womb to the external environment.

💡Transitional Circulation

Transitional circulation is the process by which a newborn's circulatory system adapts from fetal to neonatal patterns. The video script discusses how structures like the ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus close after birth, as the baby's lungs begin to function, and the heart assumes its adult-like circulation pattern.

Highlights

Circulation in fetuses differs from adults due to the reliance on the mother for oxygen and nutrients.

Adults receive oxygen directly from the outside air through fully functioning lungs.

Fetuses receive oxygen and nutrients through the placenta from the mother.

The fetus's heart has a different anatomy, including a shunt or bypass, allowing circulation between the mother and the fetus.

The umbilical arteries and veins play a crucial role in fetal circulation.

The umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.

The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus to the placenta.

The ductus venosus allows oxygen-rich blood to bypass the liver and enter the heart.

The foramen ovale is a channel that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs.

After birth, the umbilical cord is cut, leading to changes in fetal circulation vessels.

The placenta's resistance increases after birth, causing vasconstriction in fetal circulation vessels.

The increase in oxygen levels after birth supports vasconstriction of fetal circulation vessels.

The ductus arteriosus typically constricts within 1-2 hours after birth due to increased oxygen levels.

The foramen ovale closes shortly after birth as the lungs begin to function properly.

The closure of fetal circulation vessels is a complex process that may take days or weeks.

The exact timing of the complete disappearance of fetal circulation vessels is not fully understood.