Pollinating mother plant and collecting tissue samples

Summary

In this instructional video, viewers learn about plant pollination and identification. The presenter guides through the process of pollinating a mother plant using cotton swabs to transfer pollen from 'father' plants. Key plant parts like cotyledons, nodes, and hypocotyls are explained, with emphasis on their characteristics for identification. The video also covers the importance of recording plant color and taking samples for DNA analysis, setting the stage for a comprehensive lab on plant reproduction.

Takeaways

• 📚 Read lab manual pages 57 to 74 for instructions on plant pollination and sampling.
• 🌿 Learn the parts of a plant, including cotyledons (embryonic leaves) and true leaves (irregular shaped leaves).
• 🔍 Identify the node (where leaves emerge from the stem) and the internode (stem between nodes).
• 🟣 Recognize the hypocotyl (stem part below cotyledons), which is important for plant identification, with different colors like purple or green.
• 🌼 Understand the process of pollination using a cotton swab to transfer pollen from father plants to the mother plant.
• 🧑‍🔬 Pollinate the mother plant with pollen from both father plants (F1 and F2) without concern for mixing, as it's part of the experiment.
• 📝 Record the color of the hypocotyl for each father plant and the mother plant in the lab manual for later reference.
• 🧊 Store collected samples in the freezer for future DNA purification and analysis.
• 🌱 For father plants, take as many leaves as needed for the experiment, as they will be discarded afterward.
• 🌿 From the mother plant, take a cotyledon and a true leaf for sampling, ensuring not to harm the plant by taking too many leaves.

Q & A

What are the pages in the lab manual that students should read before the demonstration?

Students should read pages 57 to 74 in the lab manual.

What part of the plant is being discussed on page 70 of the lab manual?

On page 70, the lab manual discusses the various parts of a flower and plant, including the cotyledon.

What are cotyledons and how can they be recognized?

Cotyledons are the embryonic leaves that are the first to emerge from a plant. They can be recognized as smooth, rounded leaves that look different from the true leaves, which have an irregular shape.

What is a node and how is it different from an internode?

A node is the point on a stem where leaves emerge. An internode, on the other hand, is the section of the stem that lies between two nodes.

What is the hypocotyl and why is its color important?

The hypocotyl is the part of the stem that is below the cotyledons. Its color is important because it can be used to identify different plant varieties.

How does one pollinate the mother plant in the demonstration?

To pollinate the mother plant, one uses a cotton swab to roll over the flowers of the father plant and then transfers it to the flowers on the mother plant, transferring pollen in the process.

What is the significance of having both a father one and father two in the demonstration?

Having both father one and father two allows for the chance of either pollen type to pollinate the mother plant, and it will be part of the experiment to determine which father plant's pollen is successful.

What should be recorded for each plant after pollination?

After pollination, the color of the hypocotyl (non-purple for father one and purple for father two), the ID (F1 for father one and F2 for father two), and the section number should be recorded.

Why are leaves from the father plants discarded after sampling?

Leaves from the father plants are discarded after sampling because they are no longer needed for the experiment and will be analyzed separately.

What parts of the mother plant are taken for the experiment?

For the mother plant, a cotyledon and a true leaf are taken for the experiment, leaving the rest of the plant intact.

What will be done with the collected samples from the plants?

The collected samples will be stored in the freezer for later analysis, including DNA purification.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Plant Pollination and Identification

This paragraph introduces the process of plant pollination and the importance of identifying plant parts. The speaker instructs viewers to read their lab manual, specifically pages 57 to 74, and to familiarize themselves with plant parts such as cotyledons, nodes, internodes, and hypocotyls. The speaker explains that cotyledons are the first leaves to emerge and are smooth and rounded, while true leaves have an irregular shape. The node is the point where leaves emerge from the stem, and the internode is the stem section between nodes. The hypocotyl is the stem part below the cotyledons, and its color is crucial for plant identification. The speaker demonstrates how to pollinate a mother plant using a cotton swab to transfer pollen from the father plants (referred to as 'father 1' and 'father 2') to the mother plant. The process involves rolling the swab over the flowers of the father plants and then over the mother's flowers, mixing pollen from both fathers. The speaker also emphasizes the importance of recording the color of the hypocotyls for each plant (non-purple for father 1 and purple for father 2) and the mother plant, which is non-purple. Samples are taken and marked for later analysis, and the father plants' leaves are clipped and discarded after use.

05:01

🧪 Sample Collection and Storage

The second paragraph focuses on the collection and storage of plant samples for DNA analysis. The speaker demonstrates how to take samples from the mother and father plants, ensuring not to remove too many leaves from the mother plant. Specific plant parts are chosen for sampling, including a cotyledon and a true leaf from the mother plant, and leaves from the father plants. The samples are placed in appropriately marked microcentrifuge tubes, which are then stored in a freezer for future DNA purification and analysis. The speaker also mentions that the leaves from the father plants can be discarded after sampling, as they will not be used again.

Keywords

💡Lab Manual

The Lab Manual is a key resource in the video, providing instructions and information for conducting experiments. It is referenced as the primary guide for students to understand the procedures they are to follow, such as reading specific pages to learn about plant parts and pollination techniques. The manual serves as a foundational document for the scientific method and experimental design being taught.

💡Pollination

Pollination is a biological process highlighted in the video, where pollen is transferred from the male part (stamen) to the female part (pistil) of a plant, enabling fertilization and reproduction. The script describes a practical demonstration of pollination using cotton swabs to transfer pollen from 'father' plants to a 'mother' plant, illustrating a fundamental concept in botany and plant breeding.

💡Cotyledon

Cotyledons are embryonic leaves that are the first to emerge from a plant seed. In the script, they are described as smooth, rounded leaves that are distinct from the true leaves, which have an irregular shape. Cotyledons are important for identifying the early stages of plant development and are used as a visual indicator in the lab exercise.

💡Node

A node is a point on a plant stem where leaves are attached. The script explains that nodes are locations along the stem from which leaves grow, and the internode is the section of the stem between two nodes. This concept is crucial for understanding plant anatomy and the structure of plant growth.

💡Internode

The internode refers to the section of the stem that lies between two nodes. As described in the script, it is an important part of plant anatomy that contributes to the overall structure and growth pattern of the plant. Understanding the internode is essential for studying plant development and morphology.

💡Hypocotyl

The hypocotyl is the part of the plant stem below the cotyledons. In the script, it is emphasized as a key identifier for plant color, which is crucial for plant identification during the lab exercise. The hypocotyl's color can vary, such as being purple or green, and is used as a characteristic to distinguish between different plant samples.

💡Father Plant

The term 'father plant' is used in the script to denote the male parent plants from which pollen is collected. These plants are used in the pollination process to fertilize the 'mother plant'. The concept of 'father' and 'mother' plants is central to the video's theme of plant reproduction and genetic experimentation.

💡Mother Plant

The 'mother plant' is the female plant that receives pollen during the pollination process. In the script, the mother plant is the focus of the pollination experiment, where pollen from 'father' plants is transferred to it. The mother plant's response to pollination is critical for the success of the experiment and the study of plant reproduction.

💡Pistil

Although not explicitly detailed in the script, the pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. It is the recipient of pollen during pollination, which is a process demonstrated in the video. Understanding the pistil is essential for grasping the mechanics of plant fertilization.

💡Stamen

The stamen, while not directly explained in the script, is the male reproductive part of a flower, containing the anther and filament. It produces pollen, which is crucial for the pollination process shown in the video. The stamen's role in plant reproduction is fundamental to the lab's objectives of studying genetic inheritance and plant breeding.

💡DNA Purification

DNA purification is mentioned as a future step in the lab process. It involves isolating DNA from the plant samples for further analysis. The script implies that the leaves collected will be used to extract DNA, which is a common technique in genetic studies. DNA purification is a key step in understanding genetic material and its role in plant identification and breeding.

Highlights

Instructed to read lab manual pages 57 to 74 for understanding the process.

Emphasis on familiarizing with flower and plant parts as listed on page 70 of the lab manual.

Definition and identification of cotyledons as the embryonic leaves that emerge first.

Explanation of the difference between cotyledons and true leaves in terms of appearance.

Introduction to the concept of nodes and internodes on a plant stem.

Importance of recognizing the hypocotyl for plant identification and its color variation.

Description of the hypocotyl's location on the plant and its role in plant structure.

Instruction on how to pollinate a mother plant using a cotton swab on father plants.

Process of transferring pollen from father to mother plants without concern for order.

Documentation of plant samples with identification numbers and section numbers.

Differentiation between father plants based on the color of their hypocotyls.

Instructions for collecting and storing samples from mother and father plants for DNA analysis.

Details on how to handle and clip leaves from father plants for sample collection.

Procedure for taking leaves and cotyledons from the mother plant for the experiment.

Mention of future DNA purification and analysis from the collected plant samples.

Transcripts

all right so be sure to read

your lab manual pages 57

to 74

and what i'm going to do is show you

how we pollinate

the mother plant here and take

samples before we do that you should go

over the

list of flower parts

plant parts here let's see it's on page

70 of your lab manual

you want to know what the cotyledon is

the cotyledon

are the embryonic leaves the first

leaves that come out

and you can recognize those because they

look a little different from

the true leaf which are all the other

leaves that are up here that have

kind of an irregular shape whereas the

cotyledons you can see are kind of

smooth

rounded leaves and they're the very

first ones

to to emerge

we also have the inter node which is

well first i should probably show you

the node the node is every place where

leaves

come out from the stem that's a node

this is a node

and so on and the internode

of course would be the stem between the

nodes

then we have the hypocotyl this is an

important one because you need to

recognize

the color of the hypocotyl in order to

identify these plants or one of the

identifications for the plants

the hypocotyl is the part of the stem

that's below

the cotyledons and so it's this part

right here and you can see

on this one which we're going to call

father 2

it's a purple color

on the mother the hypocotyl is green

as is on this other uh father two or

father one sorry that we'll call father

one

um so be sure you know how to identify

those parts

don't worry right now about the pistol

the

stigma stamen anther flower bud and

and ovary you're going to learn about

that

later when we do our experiment on

plant reproduction

so the first thing we want to do is to

pollinate the mother plant the way we do

that is we take a

cotton swab and roll it

over the flower of the father this is

going to be father one

and then roll it over the flowers on the

mother that transfers the pollen

from the father to the mother we're

gonna do

the same thing with father two it

doesn't matter that i'm mixing them up

here

it's merely chance which of these

fathers are going to end up

pollinating the mother plant and so

we'll

try to determine that later when we do

the

rest of the paternity lab

so for each of these

plants the father 1

is going to be

green or in other words non-purple

so we'll put down non-purple

for f1 and you can put as the id

f1 and then your section number in this

case i put 0 2

0 that section number and we check it

off that we've taken the sample

and then for father two uh it's going to

be

purple so we put purple

as the color of the hypocotyl and

we've checked that off i've already done

one sample so that's why these are

already in here um and then the mother

again so f2 for the father two and then

m

for the mother and then whatever section

number you're in

and you're going to put non-purple all

the mothers are going to be non-purple

and we're going to check that off

because we're going to take samples from

each now

and put those in the freezer for later

analysis

so on the father plants you can

clip off as many leaves as you want to

because we're simply going to throw them

away

we're done with them after this

and put them in

a vial that's marked appropriately this

is f2

this is the mother and this is the f1

for

our father plant so we put that

in here

close it up and this will be

put in the freezer for later analysis

we'll be

purifying the dna at a later time and

we'll do the same thing for each one

here the mother plant

we don't want to take too many leaves

from her i'll take a hypo

i'll take a cotyledon and a

a true leaf

and leave the rest there

so this is the mother

and then again for the um f2

the father two we'll take some leaves

and put them

in this last microcentrifuge tube for

later use

okay i think that's it