How Burns are Classified and Treated
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses the three layers of the skin and the types of burns affecting them. Superficial burns cause redness and pain, while partial thickness burns can be either superficial or deep, leading to blistering and intense pain. Full thickness burns are severe, affecting all layers and requiring surgery. The script also covers burn evaluation, shock stages due to burns, and treatment methods including fluid balance restoration, wound care, and skin grafting.
Takeaways
- 🔥 The skin is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous).
- 🌡️ Burns are tissue injuries caused by various factors such as heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, extreme cold, or friction.
- 🚑 Superficial burns only affect the epidermis, leading to redness, pain, and are treatable without surgery.
- 🌀 Partial thickness burns can be either superficial or deep, with the latter causing blistering, intense pain, and sensitivity.
- 💥 Deep partial thickness burns extend into the lower dermis, sparing some nerve endings and appendages, and require medical intervention.
- 🔍 Full thickness burns destroy all skin layers, resulting in a white, brown, dry, and charred area that cannot heal without surgery.
- 📏 Burns can be assessed by the percentage of body surface area they affect, using the rule of nines for quick estimation.
- 🩸 Severe burns can lead to hypovolemic shock due to increased capillary permeability, causing fluid loss from the bloodstream.
- 🏥 Burn treatment includes restoring fluid balance with intravenous fluids, electrolytes, and proteins, and wound care to prevent infection.
- 🛡️ For superficial partial thickness burns, wound care involves cleansing, sterile dressing, and monitoring for infection.
- 🔪 Deep partial thickness burns require debridement to remove dead skin and promote healthy tissue regeneration and graft acceptance.
Q & A
What are the three main layers of the skin?
-The three main layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis or subcutaneous.
What causes burns to the skin?
-Burns are tissue injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, extreme cold, or friction.
What is the difference between superficial and partial thickness burns?
-Superficial burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain, while partial thickness burns involve the epidermis and upper or papillary dermis, leading to immediate blistering and intense pain and sensitivity.
How do deep partial thickness burns affect the skin?
-Deep partial thickness burns destroy the papillary dermis, epidermis, and most of the lower or reticular dermis, sparing some cutaneous nerve endings, capillaries, and dermal appendages.
What are the characteristics of full thickness burns?
-Full thickness burns destroy the entire epidermis, dermis, and portions of the hypodermis, resulting in a white, brown, dry, and charred area with no sensation that cannot heal without surgical intervention.
How can the percentage of body surface area affected by burns be estimated?
-The percentage of body surface area affected by burns can be estimated using the rule of nines, where each body part is assigned a value of nine percent or a multiple of nine.
What are the two stages of shock that can occur due to severe burns?
-The two stages of shock that can occur due to severe burns are hypovolemic shock, where water, electrolytes, and plasma proteins leak from the bloodstream, and burn shock, where lowered intravascular volume increases blood viscosity and vascular resistance.
What is the goal of burn treatment?
-The goal of burn treatment is to restore fluid balance through administration of intravenous fluids, electrolytes, and proteins, which increases intravascular volume.
How are superficial partial thickness burns typically managed?
-Superficial partial thickness burns are cleansed, covered with a sterile dressing, and monitored regularly for infection.
What treatment is necessary for deep partial thickness burns?
-For deep partial thickness burns, dead skin or eschar is routinely detached or debrided to a healthy level, and the wound bed is kept clean and moist to allow epithelial regeneration and to accept transplanted tissue called a skin graft.
How are full thickness burns treated to prepare for grafting?
-Full thickness burns are excised and regularly debrided to prevent ischemia and infection, and to create a viable base for grafting.
Outlines
🔥 Understanding Burn Injuries and Their Treatment
This paragraph delves into the anatomy of the skin and the various types of burns that can occur. It explains that burns are tissue injuries caused by factors such as heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, extreme cold, or friction. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Burns are classified based on their severity and the layers affected: superficial, partial thickness, and full thickness. Superficial burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain. Partial thickness burns can be either superficial or deep, with the latter destroying most of the dermis and some nerve endings and appendages. Full thickness burns are the most severe, affecting all layers and requiring surgical intervention. The paragraph also discusses how burns are evaluated by the percentage of body surface area they cover, using the rule of nines. It highlights the physiological response to severe burns, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and burn shock, affecting blood supply and potentially causing tissue and organ death. Treatment strategies include restoring fluid balance, wound care to prevent infection, and various procedures for different burn severities, such as cleansing and dressing for superficial burns, debridement for partial thickness burns, and excision and grafting for full thickness burns.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Epidermis
💡Dermis
💡Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
💡Burns
💡Superficial Burns
💡Partial Thickness Burns
💡Full Thickness Burns
💡Rule of Nines
💡Hypovolemic Shock
💡Wound Care
💡Debridement
💡Skin Graft
Highlights
The skin has three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
Burns are tissue injuries caused by various factors such as heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, extreme cold, or friction.
Superficial burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain.
Partial thickness burns can be either superficial or deep, involving different layers of the skin.
Superficial partial thickness burns involve the epidermis and upper dermis, causing blistering and intense pain.
Deep partial thickness burns destroy the papillary dermis, epidermis, and most of the reticular dermis, sparing some nerve endings and dermal appendages.
Full thickness burns destroy the entire epidermis, dermis, and portions of the hypodermis, resulting in a white, brown, dry, and charred area without sensation.
Burns can be evaluated by the percentage of body surface area they cover, using the rule of nines.
Severe burns can lead to hypovolemic shock due to increased capillary permeability.
Burn shock occurs when lowered intravascular volume increases blood viscosity and vascular resistance.
Burn treatment aims to restore fluid balance through intravenous fluids, electrolytes, and proteins.
Wound care is crucial in reducing complications by preventing infection and promoting healing.
Analgesics are used to control pain and inflammation in superficial burns.
Superficial partial thickness burns are treated with cleansing, sterile dressing, and regular monitoring for infection.
Deep partial thickness burns require debridement to a healthy level and maintaining a clean and moist wound bed for epithelial regeneration.
Full thickness burns are excised and regularly debrided to prevent ischemia, infection, and to prepare a base for skin grafting.
Transcripts
the skin contains three main layers the
epidermis
dermis
and hypodermis or subcutaneous burns are
tissue injuries caused by heat chemicals
electricity radiation extreme cold or
friction that disrupt the Skin's
framework and function
superficial Burns affect the epidermis
only causing
erythema or redness and pain
partial thickness burns are either
superficial or deep
superficial partial thickness Burns
involve the epidermis and the upper or
papillary dermis
causing immediate blistering and intense
pain and sensitivity
deep partial thickness burns destroy the
papillary dermis epidermis and most of
the lower or reticular dermis sparing
some cutaneous nerve endings capillaries
and dermal appendages
fold thickness burns destroy the entire
epidermis dermis and portions of the
hypodermis the burned area is white
brown dry and charred has no sensation
and cannot heal without surgical
intervention
Burns can also be evaluated by
determining the percentage of body
surface area they cover this percentage
can be estimated quickly using the rule
of nines a formula in which each body
part is assigned a value of nine percent
or a multiple of nine
severe burns involving a large surface
area
increase capillary permeability and lead
to two stages of shock
in hypovolemic shock water
electrolytes and plasma proteins leak
from the bloodstream into interstitial
spaces creating widespread edema
in Burn shock the lowered intravascular
volume increases blood viscosity and
Vascular resistance
to compensate the heart rate speeds up
as a result organs and tissues do not
receive adequate blood supply resulting
in tissue and organ death from a lack of
oxygen
burn treatment aims to restore fluid
balance through administration of
intravenous fluids electrolytes and
proteins which increases intravascular
volume
wound care reduces complications by
preventing infection and promoting
healing of damaged tissues
analgesics control the pain and
inflammation of superficial Burns
superficial partial thickness burns are
cleansed covered with a sterile dressing
and monitored regularly for infection
in deep partial thickness Burns dead
skin or escar is routinely detached or
debrided to a healthy level the wound
bed is kept clean and moist to allow
epithelial regeneration and to accept
transplanted tissue called a skin graft
fold thickness burns are excised and
regularly debrided to prevent ischemia
and infection and to create a viable
base for grafting
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