Sejarah Menara Miring Pisa - National Geographic Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThe Leaning Tower of Pisa, initiated in 1173, was unintentionally tilted due to soft soil beneath its foundation. Despite efforts to correct the tilt, it has remained a symbol of the city for over 800 years. Various architects, including Bonanno Pisano, are believed to have contributed to its construction. Attempts to stabilize the tower included under excavation and the addition of counterweights. Today, it stands as a renowned tourist attraction, drawing millions annually.
Takeaways
- 🗼 The Leaning Tower of Pisa was not intentionally designed to be slanted; it leaned due to unstable, soft soil at its foundation.
- 🏰 The construction of the tower began in 1173 as the third structure in the Cathedral Complex of Pisa and took approximately 200 years to complete.
- 👷♂️ For centuries, architects Gerardo and Giovanni di Simone were believed to have built the tower, but archaeological findings suggest a man named Bonanno Pisano might have been involved.
- 🏗️ The tower started to lean after the third floor was completed in 1178, which led to construction halts and adjustments to correct the lean.
- 🌍 The soft, clayey soil mixture was not strong enough to support the tower's weight, causing it to tilt.
- 🔍 In 1838, the foundation was excavated to reveal the complex base construction and the possible identity of the original architect.
- 🏗️ In the late 20th century, engineers attempted to stabilize the tower by adding 900 tons of lead weights to its foundation.
- 🔄 The tower's lean was temporarily counteracted by adding more weight to the north side, but this did not stop its tilt.
- 🏰 Despite the lean, the tower has withstood earthquakes, wars, and time, standing for over 800 years.
- 🌏 The Leaning Tower of Pisa has become a symbol of the city and a major tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors annually.
Q & A
What caused the Leaning Tower of Pisa to lean?
-The leaning was caused by the soft and unstable subsoil that could not support the tower's weight, causing it to sink on one side.
Was the Leaning Tower of Pisa intentionally designed to be slanted?
-No, the leaning was not intentional. It was a result of the unstable foundation due to the soft soil.
When was the construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa started?
-The construction began in 1173.
How long did it take to complete the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
-The construction took approximately 200 years and was completed in 1372.
Who are the architects believed to have designed the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
-The architects Bonanno Pisano, Gerardo, and Giovanni di Simone are believed to be involved in the construction, but the exact architect is still a mystery.
What was discovered during the archaeological excavation in 1838 that provided a clue about the architect?
-An inscribed stone with the name 'Bonano' in Latin was found, suggesting that Bonanno Pisano might have been the architect.
Why did the construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa stop after the third floor was built?
-The construction was halted due to the tower starting to lean and the ongoing wars at the time.
What measures were taken to stabilize the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the 14th century?
-They attempted an under excavation by using tubes and drills to remove soil beneath the northern side of the tower's foundation to correct the lean.
How did the engineers try to prevent the Leaning Tower of Pisa from collapsing in the 1990s?
-Engineers and architects installed lead counterweights weighing 900 tons to balance the tilt and stabilize the tower.
What was the outcome of the counterweight installation on the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
-The counterweights did not stop the leaning, and additional measures were needed to stabilize the tower.
How has the Leaning Tower of Pisa withstood various natural disasters and wars over the centuries?
-Despite earthquakes, wars, and its lean, the tower has remained standing, attracting millions of tourists each year.
Outlines
🗼 The Leaning Tower of Pisa's Origins and Architectural Mystery
The Leaning Tower of Pisa, contrary to popular belief, was not intentionally designed to be slanted. Its tilt is due to the soft soil on one side of its foundation, which caused the tower to lean. Despite this, the tilt has made the tower historically famous. Construction began in 1173 as part of the Cathedral Complex in Pisa, Italy. The tower was built as a bell tower and took approximately 200 years to complete, with the final touches added in 1372. The architects responsible for the tower have been a subject of debate, with Gerardo and Giovanni di Simone historically credited, but recent archaeological findings suggest a person named Bonanno Pisano might be the true architect, as his name was found inscribed on a Latin inscription stone at the tower's base. The tower began to lean after the third floor was completed in 1178, causing concern among the people of Italy. The cause of the tilt was attributed to the dense clay soil mixture that was not strong enough to support the tower's weight. Construction was halted and later focused on wars occurring at the time. Various attempts were made to correct the tilt, including an under-excavation method that reduced the tilt by 10%. The tower was further modified in the 14th century with the addition of seven floors, a bell chamber, and was left untouched until the 19th century. In 1838, architect Alessandro della Gherardesca excavated the base of the tower to reveal its complex foundation, which led to the discovery of the original architect's name. In the 20th century, after World War II, Italy sought help to prevent the tower's collapse, as it had become a beloved symbol and a major tourist attraction. Engineers and architects attempted to stabilize the tower by adding counterweights, but these efforts did not stop the lean. Today, the Leaning Tower of Pisa has been leaning for over 800 years and continues to stand despite earthquakes, storms, and wars, drawing millions of tourists annually.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Leaning Tower of Pisa
💡Subsoil
💡Architect
💡Construction
💡Under excavation
💡Tilt
💡Bell tower
💡Archaeological findings
💡Stabilization efforts
💡Tourist attraction
💡Cathedral complex
Highlights
The Leaning Tower of Pisa's tilt was not intentional but due to soft soil at its foundation.
The tower began to lean on one side due to the soft soil causing it to settle unevenly.
Despite its tilt, the Leaning Tower of Pisa became famous in history.
Construction of the tower began in 1173 as the third structure of the Cathedral Complex in Pisa.
The tower was built as a bell tower and took approximately 200 years to complete due to ongoing warfare.
The tower was completed in 1372, taking nearly two centuries.
For years, the architects of the Leaning Tower of Pisa were believed to be Gerardo and Giovanni di Simone.
Archaeological research discovered the name Bonanno Pisano inscribed on a Latin-inscribed stone at the tower's base.
Bonanno Pisano's identity remains a mystery, and it's believed he disappeared due to the tower's tilt.
The tower stood upright for over five years before it began to lean after the third floor was built in 1178.
The soft mixture of clay soil was not strong enough to support the tower's weight, causing it to tilt.
Construction was halted and later focused on wars occurring at the time.
In an attempt to correct the tilt, an under excavation method was used to remove soil beneath the tower's northern side.
This method successfully reduced the tilt by 10%, making it lean at 5 degrees.
In the 14th century, the tower was added with seven more floors, a bell chamber, and then left untouched until the 19th century.
In 1838, architect Alessandro della Gherardesca excavated the base of the tower to reveal its complex foundation.
After World War II, Italy sought help to prevent the tower from collapsing, as it had become a beloved symbol.
Engineers and architects installed a counterweight of 900 tons to stabilize the leaning tower.
In 1993, 600 tons of lead were attached to the tower's northern base to balance the sinking southern side.
Despite efforts, the tower continued to lean, and an additional 300 tons were added along with steel cables.
In the 20th century, Giovan Shimono tried to balance the tilt by making one side of the upper floor higher than the other.
The Leaning Tower of Pisa has been leaning for over 800 years and still stands despite earthquakes, wars, and other challenges.
The tower attracts millions of tourists annually, drawn by its unique tilt.
Transcripts
sahabat tahukah kalian Apa yang
menyebabkan kemiringan pada menara pisan
ternyata kemiringan ini bukan sengaja
dibuat miring oleh arsiteknya tetapi
dikarenakan adanya tanah yang melunak di
bagian
pondasinya tanah yang melunak ini
membuat Menara amblas di satu Sisinya
dan mengakibatkan kemiringan pada menara
Namun karena kemiringan ini menara bisa
jadi terkenal dalam sejarah
Italia lantas Mengapa kota ini disebut
sebagai kotak
terkutuk pembangunan menara miring pisah
dimulai pada tahun
1173 sebagai struktur ketiga dan
terakhir dari Kompleks Katedral kota
Pisa Menara ini dibangun sebagai menara
loncang karena saat itu kondisi perang
yang marak terjadi menyebabkan
pembangunan menara bisa memakan waktu
yang sangat lama hingga sekitar 200
tahun Menara ini selesai pada tahun
1372 Lalu siapa arsitek dari menara
miring Pisa ini
selama bertahun-tahun arsitek herardo di
Gerardo dan Giovanni di simun diyakini
sebagai orang yang membangun Menara ini
namun penelitian arkeologi menemukan
satu nama lagi Yang Terukir di sebuah
batu bertuliskan nama bonano dalam
bahasa Latin batu tersebut tertanam di
dasar menara dan ditemukan selama
penggalian tahun
1838 diyakini oleh para peneliti bahwa
pria yang bernama bonano pisano Yang
Terukir pada batu tersebut sekian lama
masih menjadi misteri karena malu dengan
kemiringan hasil ciptanya dipercayai
bahwa bonano begitu putus asa dengan
kegagalan karya besarnya sehingga ia
menghilang dalam
ketidakjelasan awal mula pembangunan
menara ini sukses berdiri tegak selama
lebih dari 5 tahun namun ketika lantai
ketiga selesai dibangun pada tahun
1178 Menara tersebut mulai miring warga
Italia terkejut dengan kejadian tersebut
karena menara mulai sedikit miring dan
mereka khawa menara akan ambruh kondisi
miring ini sebenarnya diakibatkan oleh
campuran tanah liat yang padat yang
tidak cukup kuat untuk menahan menara
agar tetap tegak pekerjaan konstruksi
pun terhenti karena hal ini kegiatan
juga ditunda difokuskan ke perang yang
terjadi saat itu setelah melakukan
brainstorming lebih lanjut panitia
mencoba melakukan under excavation yaitu
menggunakan tabung panjang dan bor untuk
menghilangkan tanam di bawah Sisi Utara
fondasi menara secara non invasif saat
tanah dihilangkan struktur perlahan
mulai berputar ke utara Upaya ini
menurunkan kemiringan menara sebesar 10%
menjadikannya miring 5
derajat tidak peduli dengan
kemiringannya menara ini ditambah lantai
7 pada paruh kedua abad ke-14 serta
menara lonceng dan kemudian menara
tersebut dibiarkan hingga abad
ke-19 pada tahun
1838 arsitek Alessandro de la gerardiska
menggali Jalan Setapak di di dasar
menara agar orang dapat mengagumi dasar
yang dibuat dengan rumit penggalian
inilah yang pada akhirnya memuak
keberadaan arsitek awal yang membangun
Menara Pisa dengan ditemukannya tulisan
di sebuah
batu 20 tahun setelah perang berakhir
Italia meminta bantuan untuk menghindari
ambruknya menara miring mereka tidak
ingin menara ini kehilangan
kemiringannya Karena kini menjadi simbol
kota sebuah lanmar yang dicintai
wisatawan dari seluruh dunia sebagai
tindakan
sementaraa insinyur dan arsitek memasang
penyimang timah seberat 900
ton panitia pertama kali menempelkan 600
ton timah ke dasar Sisi Utara menara
pada tahun
1993 dengan harapan dapat mengimbangi
tenggelamnya Sisi Selatan menara namun
hal ini tidak menghentikan laju
kemiringan bahkan setelah mereka
menambahkan tambahan 300 Ton ke sisi
Utara bersama dengan
jangkartana setelah 100 tahun berlalu
giovan shimono mencoba mengimbangi
kemiringan aslinya dengan membuat satu
sisi lantai atas menjadi lebih tinggi
dari sisi lainnya tapi sayang
tindakannya ini justru semakin membuat
Menara bertambah
miring kini menara miring Pisa telah
miring selama lebih dari 800 tahun dan
meskipun terjadi gempa bumi badai dan
perang menara ini masih tetap berdiri
bahkan menara miring visisa telah
menarik jutaan wisatawan yang
berduim-duim keedatang ke sana setiap
tahunnya hanya karena tertarik pada
kemiringannya itu luar
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