DANILO GERONA: Magellan and the Battle of Mactan

Summary

This transcript discusses historical research on Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, challenging common misconceptions. It reveals new insights, such as Magellan's limp due to a leg injury and his advanced age at the time of his death. The narrative also explores the Spanish approach to colonization, emphasizing the shift from force to diplomacy and the moral doctrine's influence on their interactions with indigenous peoples. The speaker corrects historical inaccuracies, like the portrayal of Lapu-Lapu, and delves into the complex dynamics within Magellan's crew, including suspicions and mutinies. The summary concludes with reflections on the legacy and the aftereffects of the expedition on Spanish colonial strategies.

Takeaways

• 📚 Research on Magellan's voyage is not only based on Spanish archives but also on materials from other authorities, including the back panel of the Archean.
• 👣 Historical documents reveal that Magellan had a limp due to an injury sustained in North Africa, contradicting the common image of him as a physically robust soldier.
• 🗺️ The narrative of Magellan's expedition is a clash of principles and worldviews, highlighting the Spanish and native perspectives.
• 🔍 New research suggests that Lapu-Lapu, often depicted as young, was actually 70 years old when he fought against Magellan's forces.
• 🎨 An artist has created a new painting of Lapu-Lapu as an old man, based on historical research, challenging the traditional image.
• 🤝 Magellan's crew accepted Rajah Humabon, but resisted his demand to convert, leading to tensions and eventual conflict.
• 🏰 The construction of monuments for Magellan in the 1870s by the Spaniards raises questions about the authenticity of the claimed burial site.
• 🚢 The Spanish and Portuguese of the 16th century are portrayed as leading superpowers, with complex views on the treatment of native peoples.
• ⚖️ The Spanish had to adapt their policies towards natives, influenced by moral doctrines and protests against abuses in South America.
• 🛡️ The use of force by the Spanish was regulated by rules of engagement, emphasizing the need for justifiable reasons before engaging in combat.

Q & A

What was the main purpose of the research conducted by the speaker in the Spanish archive?

The main purpose was to show that the research on the speaker's development is not only supporting required research in the Spanish archive but also includes research in the speaker's own archive, which contains useful materials.

What new information did the speaker discover about Mandela's physical characteristics?

The speaker discovered that Mandela was not walking straight due to a leg injury sustained in North Africa, which contradicts the common belief that he was physically fit.

How does the speaker describe the battle of principles between the native and Spanish perspectives?

The speaker emphasizes that it was a battle of principles, contrasting the native way of looking at the world with the Spanish perspective, especially at the beginning of their encounters.

What surprising fact did the speaker reveal about Magellan's support units during the battle?

The speaker revealed that Magellan's support units, the Rajah Humabon, were abandoned by the Spaniards and died for a port, which is not commonly known.

How old was Gaspar de Magallanes, according to the speaker's research?

According to the speaker's research based on the document of Gaspar, Magellan was an old man, specifically 70 years old when he fought with the soldiers.

What did the speaker clarify about the relationship between Magellan and Rajah Humabon?

The speaker clarified that Magellan and Rajah Humabon were not related, contrary to popular belief, and that their relationship was more about politics and economics.

What was the speaker's observation about the Spaniards' treatment of the natives in the Philippines?

The speaker observed that the Spaniards initially treated the natives with hostility but later revised their approach due to the moral doctrine and the need to treat the natives with more respect and less force.

Why did the speaker mention the 'Instructions for the New World' in relation to Magellan's expedition?

The speaker mentioned the 'Instructions for the New World' to highlight the policies that were made to guide the treatment of the natives, emphasizing the use of peaceful means before resorting to force.

What was the speaker's conclusion about the Spaniards' implementation of colonialism in South Asia?

The speaker concluded that the Spaniards' implementation of colonialism in South Asia was complex and evolved over time, with a shift towards more peaceful means and less forceful tactics.

What did the speaker reveal about the suspicions and mutinies within Magellan's expedition?

The speaker revealed that there were suspicions and mutinies within Magellan's expedition due to the Spanish and Portuguese members' distrust of each other, which led to internal conflicts and Magellan's eventual death.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Historical Research and Misconceptions

The speaker discusses the importance of historical research, emphasizing the need to consult both Spanish and local archives. They highlight the discovery of new information that challenges previous assumptions, such as the physical condition of Mandela, who was thought to be a soldier but was actually limping due to an injury sustained in North Africa. The speaker also addresses the collaboration between historians and the significance of materials from local authorities. They touch on the battle of principles between the native and Spanish worldviews, and the surprising fact that a key figure, McKenna Magellan, was not killed by the natives but by Spanish carabiners. The speaker corrects the common misconception that Magellan was a young man, revealing that he was actually 70 years old at the time of the battle. They also discuss the economic aspects of the conflict, such as the collection of taxes from foreign vessels and the strategic importance of certain locations.

05:02

🏰 Monuments and the Legacy of Magellan

This paragraph delves into the history of the monuments constructed by the Spaniards in 1875 to commemorate Magellan. The speaker questions the authenticity of the claimed location of Magellan's grave, as there were earlier unsuccessful attempts to locate it. They discuss the Spaniards' and Portuguese's initial hostile attitude towards the native people, which later changed due to the need for a more civilized approach, as dictated by the moral doctrine of the time. The speaker also mentions the shift in Spanish policy towards the treatment of natives, influenced by incidents of abuse and the need for justifiable reasons before using force. They highlight the importance of understanding the historical context of the 16th century, where Spain and Portugal were leading superpowers with a different set of rules for engagement, including the requirement for a just cause before engaging in war.

10:02

🛡 Colonialism and Suspicions in the Expedition

The speaker explores the implementation of colonialism by the Spaniards in South Asia, focusing on the use of peaceful means and the conditions under which force could be employed. They discuss the records of the expedition, which show that Magellan was initially reluctant to use force and only did so when a Muslim leader refused to accept responsibility. The paragraph also addresses the suspicions and mistrust among the Spaniards regarding the true intentions of Magellan and the Portuguese in the expedition. The speaker mentions the difficulty in determining the exact number of expedition members due to the use of aliases and the complex dynamics within the group. They conclude by discussing the circumstances of Magellan's death, suggesting that it was not as grand as previously depicted, and that the Spaniards' suspicions about Magellan's loyalty may have contributed to the mutiny and his eventual fate.

15:05

🏰 The Aftermath of Magellan's Death

In this paragraph, the speaker reflects on the aftermath of Magellan's death, highlighting the sentimental reasons behind the actions of certain individuals. They introduce Cristobal Novello, who is believed to be the illegitimate son of Magellan, and discuss his role in the final battle. The speaker describes the small scale of the battle, which involved only a handful of Spanish and native fighters. They also mention the letter sent by the governor of Mexico to the chieftain of the people, expressing relief at Magellan's death. The paragraph concludes with a discussion of the lasting impact of Magellan's legacy, even after his death, and the continued suspicions and fears that the Spaniards had about his intentions and loyalties.

Keywords

💡Archean

The term 'Archean' refers to an eon in Earth's history, but in the context of the video, it seems to be used to describe the speaker's work at an archive, possibly related to historical research. The speaker mentions that their research is not only based on materials from Spanish archives but also from their own archive, indicating the importance of diverse sources in historical study.

💡Medellín

Medellín is a city in Colombia, South America. The video script mentions it in relation to historical figures and events, suggesting that the city might have played a role in historical narratives or that it holds significance in the speaker's research. The mention of Medellín ties the discussion to a specific geographical and historical context.

💡Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan is a key figure in the video, known historically for his expedition and circumnavigation of the globe. The script discusses new findings about Magellan, such as his age and the circumstances of his death, which challenge traditional narratives. This highlights the video's theme of reevaluating historical figures and events.

💡Carabiners

Carabiners are a type of metal loop used for securing ropes. In the script, they are mentioned in the context of Magellan's death, suggesting that they were used by the Spaniards and may have played a role in the historical event. This term is significant as it provides a detail about the weaponry and tactics of the time.

💡Portuguese

The script refers to the Portuguese in the context of historical research and the identity of individuals involved in Magellan's expedition. It suggests that some Portuguese individuals may have concealed their identity by adopting Spanish names, which adds a layer of complexity to the historical narrative and underscores the video's focus on uncovering hidden aspects of history.

💡Rajah Humabon

Rajah Humabon is mentioned as a figure who had a relationship with Magellan. The script indicates that there is a misconception about the nature of their relationship, which the speaker aims to clarify. This term is important as it relates to the broader theme of correcting historical inaccuracies and understanding the dynamics between historical figures.

💡Economics

The script touches on the economic aspects of the historical period, specifically in relation to the collection of taxes from foreign vessels. This highlights the video's exploration of how economic factors influenced historical events and the interactions between different groups during that time.

💡Doctrine of Discovery

The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international law that was used to justify colonial claims. The script mentions it in the context of Spanish colonialism, suggesting that the video discusses the ethical and legal frameworks that underpinned historical exploration and colonization.

💡Mutiny

Mutiny refers to a rebellion or refusal to obey orders, often in a military or naval context. The script mentions mutiny in relation to suspicions and tensions within Magellan's expedition, indicating that the video explores the internal dynamics and conflicts that arose during historical voyages.

💡Cristobal Novello

Cristobal Novello is mentioned as a figure with a personal connection to Magellan, possibly his illegitimate son. This detail adds a human element to the historical narrative and suggests that the video delves into the personal lives and relationships of historical figures, which can often be overlooked in traditional histories.

💡Colonialism

Colonialism is the practice of establishing control over other territories, often for economic or political gain. The script discusses the Spanish implementation of colonialism in South Asia, indicating that the video examines the methods and impacts of colonial expansion, as well as the resistance and adaptation of the colonized peoples.

Highlights

Research on development in Spanish and local archives reveals new insights into historical figures and events.

Historians have discovered that the physical characteristics of Mandela were previously misunderstood.

New documents suggest that Mandela was not walking straight due to an injury sustained in North Africa.

The narrative of Batangas and Magellan's expedition is revisited, challenging traditional views.

Magellan's death was not as heroic as previously portrayed, with new evidence suggesting abandonment by his own men.

The image of Lapu-Lapu has been revised based on historical research, showing him as an old man, not young.

Lapu-Lapu's resistance to Magellan was not due to personal animosity but principles and cultural differences.

The relationship between Rajah Humabon and Magellan was not as close as previously thought, with new evidence suggesting distance.

Economic factors played a significant role in the interactions between the Spaniards and local tribes.

The construction of monuments for Magellan in 1875 raises questions about the accuracy of historical records.

The Spaniards' treatment of indigenous people evolved over time, influenced by moral doctrines and legal reforms.

The use of force by the Spaniards was regulated by the 'just war' doctrine, requiring justifiable reasons.

Magellan's expedition faced internal strife and suspicion, complicating the mission's objectives.

The number of Portuguese in Magellan's crew was uncertain due to their use of Spanish names to conceal their identity.

The battle in which Magellan died was smaller in scale than traditionally depicted, with fewer participants.

The legacy of Magellan and his expedition continues to be re-evaluated, with new perspectives emerging from historical research.

Transcripts

first express man you gotta tip you are

very good people have explained this is

to show you that research on my

development is not only a supporting

required research in Spanish archive but

also research in your own archive much

of my work at the Archean there are the

easiest demands and also that are very

very useful materials from your own

authority combo especially from the back

panel so that is the first time that

historians and I because this is safe to

you about medellín you always said that

Mandela is a soldier physical

characteristic about but when I was

looking at the certain documents unless

again it was at the difficult that we

have always thought it was your product

and it was not walking straight he was

limping because at one time when we

popped the bubble in North Africa the

certain food it shattered his leg in

there or since then he was actually

something very very with me about my dog

is to just that I talked about the

Batman you always cheat the bubble of

and simply

two people a chapter at least and in my

talk I would like to emphasize this

thing that it's a battle of principles

the native way of looking at world and

the Spanish way at the beginning the

world the other thing I would like to

emphasize series about McKenna Magellan

the support units and we you will see

that patella actually was killed by the

carabiners abandoned by the Spaniards

but died and died for a port it's

something that we probably have not read

in any book this that was the item of

metallic parts it is but here is the

cool Abu we have a notion that about

doing all the monuments paintings movies

he was a young man but when I hit my

research based on the document of Gaspar

hooray was Portuguese was actually an

old man he was 70 years old when he

fought with the soldiers of Magellan

so it's Kingston with your history we

are all extorted by the coup that was a

young library with in fact he was some

old hello the other thing that we have

that's well by the way

there is an artist created a new

painting of the double because now an

old man

based on the book that I wrote in spite

like that he takes the whole image of

the colada now the other thing that they

would like to say did not resist the

silence the buddha actually accepted

jars accepted Magellan the only thing

that they cannot accept is

a Rajah Humabon his own another chicken

whom he was a poor corridor but I won't

agree but I did get a research of this

video he was never actually related to

each other who model and the collab or

others involved apparently the one of

the issues had someone been worried

family problem I think the reason is why

is that the palapa meet the new novelist

because at least optimally

give the sister of the product or a

younger sister or younger white so the

other thing is has something to do with

economics

what about collection up for taxes if

you look at the map they were mad and

see who were very very close to each

other and whenever foreign vessels would

pass to be the you speak there in Cebu

the hood up we would define taxes from

the foreign vessels and therefore they

want to use anyone to pay access to

these are some images that we have an

1875 when the Spaniards began

constructing the monuments for a German

and so they founded the graveyard of

Magellan and this is how look like the

time we don't even know whether it was

true that they really found the

graveyard of Magellan because there were

earlier attempts to know where they shot

at was but they could not find any

evidence where Madeira really was buried

or when it was still in the battery but

that we just well of this particular

like is it up a German in a way how I

was post-battle

thought we always thought that the

Spaniards and even the Portuguese were

in a way very very rural they didn't

like native people they would simply

attack that and cabinet as a very bad

element that notion of European powers

in the sixteenth century

you have to understand that you're like

Spain and Portugal among the leading

superpowers and probably the more

civilized world storage we have that

Magellan City attack set disability that

yet that is that with the spartax well

to the Philippines they will include a

new mundane human day the alert sources

from South America that you used very

very hostile I hope you will also

receive hostility from the dangers and

for that reason by the hundreds Spain

had to revise their analysis of treating

the natives and one of one of the

example that was the it was the moral

doctrine apply purple in discussions and

ask us ask us giving all this ax was

protesting against the abuses of the

Spaniards it's South America and

protocol isn't certain Ross had been had

been issued by an appropriate unit Spain

for example that based upon whose

development

which really changed away with Sun

moving uranium which actually he hated

he abuses committed by the standard

supports the the England what I love

that we're looking at be for example the

carcass of the other the activator of

the Incas all the paintings of the cargo

the expeditions were there and also

surprised although that's portion of the

cardoon gonna pacify us telling us that

the best were still awaits I think the

whole idea is that they have to make use

the exhaust all these moments rarely

means to weather the day things rather

than to use force and so much Jared

Perry so many many different skills for

the natives that's one thing the toaster

apparently there was certain dreams in

the party of the spandex towards the

treatment of the natives the other thing

that you understand why they say that

but yell immediately use force and a

party but German means so to see to use

force unless it was that always repeats

a bit exhausted once they want to verify

to other that they demand to use the

sword liquor in yendo in the 16th

century onwards were required to make is

what but the rules of engagement in fact

yep

tell them that this is what we wanted to

do if you reduce to this the end of the

time that we will again that again

because before you can even use force

you have to be have a justifiable reason

for course the soccer you spell they

know the justice of war that engaging

people not like Vietnam there must be

sufficient reason to use force and what

can't appeal they for statistical issue

have become distant or in pieces when

you are confronted with a Mustang with

muscles with Islamic religion that you

can immediately we use force and

admittedly submit so that's one idea

should be considered as to make the

feature even in the colonization of the

defense I think again many students paid

to look at this record in their children

in years before Majella that she'll be

charged issue distorted enticing for

instance seventy five instructions were

made on all the policies that are comes

think that Mandela should the solution

should infinity and one of them is they

use the extremists big source of

peaceful means well would you be allowed

to use force I said if a Muslim leader

refused to accept responsibility that

could be employing out but then

in fact records showed up again at first

employed in Caribbean all the people

there haha no pay you when attack

refused to kiss they had a brother

button again Magellan happy resourceful

means the last time he did it seven was

of course tonight but yet I have a good

laugh so in this sense there is a

certain issue about how the Spaniards

implement colonialism in South Asia it's

a new whole organism it's out because I

said a little bit

finally I would say something about

Jenna but there was typically news

he was baffled by the spaniards why it

appears to me that the spaniards with

haunted by their suspicions that

Magellan remained they what evidence

but guerra was only about wait i or to

this to join the expedition in fact the

they're very different lives they could

really examine who were joining in fact

some Portuguese had adopted Spanish

names just to conceal their Portuguese

identity and be added more that's why

it's very very difficult to fix the real

number of the members of the expedition

because Magellan a pallet be listed his

number but when he could see people they

most likely for this reason had pain or

dispel Oh

Portuguese he knew that the danger FC is

stuck through the water the danger at

sea is you supported 740 BC it was funny

the hottest standards were hunted by

their suspicions that Magellan was

through Andrew Borden's

that's the reason why there were

beauties at least mutinous because the

Spanish in angles were suspicious what

was really mechanics purpose in the

exhibition they always suspected that

Mandela was there and we made the with

Portuguese and the world expedition day

so that Spain will be so when the battle

erupted the Spaniards Valentin

deliberately

but why did he die if you consider

Magellan he was born out of a look at

the garden but Janet was about the

studious was

they were greeted with the most

sophisticated advanced weaponry at the

6th century against 1500 needs only our

battles with heavy alien enemy but while

a German died it was a better fortune

for the arm with women he died because

of sentimental reason worker sir there

was a young man in the name Cristobal

Novello

christabella borough was a native of

check the family background it was and

this was it he was supposedly the

bastard son of Ferdinand Magellan and

when the battle was written this man was

being done up by a number of days and so

much Ellen according to a madman yes to

defend both of them time so only few

night there were only about seven of

Hispanics including Magellan and the

bell for danger study nine women

they were only in it's time for the

reason apparently the battle was not

behind a paddle that they've always

envisioned a thousand people fighting it

must be a small really small with all

this number and that

I see why I would say Magellan we made

portraits and done quite a body after

the death of a German here not for this

the governor of Mexico even sent a

letter to the next exhibition the data

was addressed with a chieftain of people

that he good for patella ha ha ha

because respectively good for it to die

because God apparently it was this all

even after his death - families and for

the prison hadn't been the recent cost

the Spaniards still were haunted by the

spirit that Magellan was not worthy

[Music]

[Applause]