Examples of Causal, Correlational, Descriptive, and Exploratory Research Questions

Summary

This video script addresses the alignment of research questions (RQs) with appropriate methodologies in academic research. It outlines four empirical research designs: causal, correlational, descriptive, and exploratory. The speaker clarifies that causal RQs imply a cause-and-effect relationship, requiring causal research designs for proper analysis. Correlational RQs examine relationships without assuming causality and are suited for correlational designs. Descriptive RQs aim to provide detailed accounts of subjects, often using quantitative measures. Exploratory RQs, often qualitative, seek to uncover unknown factors and are best approached with open-ended questions. The script emphasizes the importance of consistency between RQ formulation and research methodology for successful thesis assessment.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The video discusses the alignment of research questions (RQs) with appropriate research methodologies, highlighting the importance for student researchers.
• 🧐 Incongruence between the RQ and the research method can lead to unfavorable assessments of theses, emphasizing the need for consistency.
• 📊 The presenter outlines four types of empirical research designs: causal, correlational, descriptive, and exploratory, each suited for different types of RQs.
• ❓ A causal RQ implies a cause-and-effect relationship, suggesting the influence of an independent variable (IV) on a dependent variable (DV).
• 🔗 Correlational RQs focus on the relationship between variables without implying causation, aiming to understand associations.
• 📋 Descriptive RQs aim to provide detailed and precise descriptions of a subject matter, often using quantitative measures.
• 🔎 Exploratory RQs are typically qualitative, seeking to uncover previously unknown factors or aspects through open-ended inquiries.
• 📝 The video stresses that the phrasing of RQs should match the chosen research method to ensure a coherent research approach.
• 👨‍🏫 For specific research design questions, the presenter advises consulting with teachers or research advisors for personalized guidance.
• 👍 The video invites viewers to engage with the content by leaving comments and subscribing for more research-related content.

Q & A

What is the main issue discussed in the video script related to student research?

The main issue discussed is the incongruence between the research question (RQ) and the research method used in student theses, which can lead to unfavorable assessments.

What are the four types of empirical research designs mentioned in the script?

The four types of empirical research designs mentioned are causal, correlational, descriptive, and exploratory.

How is a causal research question (RQ) characterized in the script?

A causal RQ is characterized by implying a cause and effect relationship, where one can observe how an independent variable (IV) would cause or influence a dependent variable (DV).

What kind of research design is suggested for a causal RQ in the script?

For a causal RQ, the script suggests using a causal research design, which could be an experimental design, a pre-test post-test design, or at least a correlational design.

What is the focus of a correlational research question according to the script?

A correlational RQ focuses on the relationship or correlation between or among certain things without distinguishing between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

Why are descriptive research questions often not explored qualitatively?

Descriptive research questions are often not explored qualitatively because they aim to describe a subject matter with accuracy or precision, which typically requires quantitative measurement rather than open-ended qualitative inquiry.

What is the primary goal of descriptive research as per the script?

The primary goal of descriptive research is to provide a detailed and nuanced description of a subject matter, often involving measurement of key dimensions related to the subject.

Why is exploratory research typically qualitative according to the script?

Exploratory research is typically qualitative because it involves uncovering previously unknown factors or aspects, which requires open questions and a flexible approach to let new insights emerge.

What kind of research questions are best researched qualitatively as per the script?

Research questions that are exploratory in nature and where the researcher has no clear idea of what the data might show are best researched qualitatively.

What advice does the script give to student researchers regarding their research questions and methods?

The script advises student researchers to ensure that the way they phrase their research question is consistent with their chosen research method and to consult with their teachers or research advisors for specific questions about their research design.

How does the script suggest handling the complexity of research questions and methods?

The script simplifies the theory and provides stereotypical examples, but it encourages students to seek guidance from their faculty for specific questions about aligning their research questions with appropriate methodologies.