Grade 8 Science Q1 Ep 9 Heat and Temperature
Summary
TLDRIn this educational episode, the host explores the science of heat and temperature, clarifying the differences between the two. Heat is defined as energy transfer from a higher to a lower temperature body, occurring through conduction, convection, and radiation. Temperature, on the other hand, is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. The video introduces the Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin temperature scales, and explains phase changes such as melting, solidification, evaporation, and condensation. The host also poses engaging questions to test viewers' understanding of these concepts.
Takeaways
- 🔥 Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, indicating the speed of particle movement.
- ☕ Heat is a form of energy that transfers from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature, occurring through conduction, convection, and radiation.
- 🌡 The three common temperature scales are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin, each with different reference points for water's freezing and boiling points.
- 🌡️ The Celsius scale was introduced by Anders Celsius in 1741, using 0°C for the freezing point and 100°C for the boiling point of water.
- 🌡️ The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724, with 32°F for the freezing point and 212°F for the boiling point of water.
- 🌡️ The Kelvin scale, introduced by William Thompson (Lord Kelvin), is based on absolute zero (0 K), with the freezing point of water at 273 K and the boiling point at 373 K.
- 🌡️ The Kelvin scale is unique in that it does not allow for negative temperatures, unlike the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
- 🌡️ Temperature changes can lead to phase changes in substances, such as melting, solidification, evaporation, and condensation, which involve energy transfer without a change in temperature.
- 🌡️ The unit 'calorie' is not a unit of temperature but is used to measure the energy content of food, defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius at 1 atm pressure.
- 🌡️ A thermometer measures temperature by showing the expansion of a liquid due to heat absorption, which is a result of increased kinetic energy of the liquid's molecules.
Q & A
What is the science behind the different ways we enjoy hot and cold drinks?
-The science behind enjoying hot and cold drinks is related to the science of heat and temperature, which involves the transfer of heat from a body with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature, and our perception of hotness or coldness.
What is the SI unit for heat?
-The SI unit for heat is the joule (J), which is a measure of energy.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
-Heat is a form of energy that transfers from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, indicating how hot or cold it is.
How does heat transfer occur?
-Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation, which are processes that move thermal energy from one place to another.
What is the normal body temperature in Celsius and how does it convert to Fahrenheit?
-The normal body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, which converts to 99 degrees Fahrenheit.
What are the three common temperature scales?
-The three common temperature scales are Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
Who introduced the Celsius scale and how is it defined?
-Anders Celsius introduced the Celsius scale in 1741, defining the freezing point of water as 0 degrees Celsius and the boiling point as 100 degrees Celsius under 1 atmosphere of pressure.
What is the significance of the Kelvin scale in measuring temperature?
-The Kelvin scale is significant because it is based on absolute zero, which is the lowest possible temperature where molecular motion ceases, and it uses the degree Kelvin (K) as its unit, where 0 K represents absolute zero.
What happens to the temperature of an object when its particles move faster?
-When the particles of an object move faster, the temperature of the object increases due to the higher kinetic energy of the particles.
What is a phase change and how does it relate to temperature?
-A phase change is a transformation of a substance from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas, and it is closely related to temperature as it involves the absorption or release of heat.
Why does the liquid in a thermometer rise when put in hot water?
-The liquid in a thermometer rises when put in hot water because it gains heat from the hot water, causing it to expand due to the increase in kinetic energy of the liquid's particles.
Outlines
🔥 Introduction to Heat and Temperature
The script begins with an energetic introduction by the teacher, MJ, who sets the stage for a lesson on heat and temperature. The teacher invites students to prepare for the learning session by gathering their materials. The lesson aims to explore the science behind everyday experiences like enjoying a hot coffee on a cold day or a cold drink on a hot one. The teacher poses questions to engage the students' thinking about the average energy of particles, the effect of particle movement on temperature, and the dependency of temperature on the amount of substance present. The lesson also includes a quiz to test the students' understanding of temperature units and the conversion between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
🌡️ Clarifying the Concepts of Heat and Temperature
This paragraph delves into the differences between heat and temperature. While they are related, they are not the same. Heat is described as energy that transfers from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature, occurring through conduction, convection, and radiation. Examples are provided, such as a metal spoon absorbing heat from hot water and the heat radiated from a bonfire. The SI unit for heat is joules, and the calorie is also explained, noting its use in nutrition rather than as a unit of heat. Temperature, in contrast, is the measure of the hotness or coldness of a substance, with the normal body temperature given as 37 degrees Celsius. The paragraph explains that temperature measures the average kinetic energy of molecules, with the Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales introduced as methods for measuring temperature.
🌟 Phase Changes and Temperature Scales
The third paragraph discusses phase changes that occur in substances as their temperature changes. It explains that changes in molecular structure and movement lead to transitions such as melting, solidification, evaporation, and condensation. The heat of fusion and the processes of sublimation and deposition are also mentioned. The Kelvin scale is highlighted, emphasizing that it is based on absolute zero and cannot have negative temperatures. The paragraph concludes with a quiz to reinforce the understanding of the concepts of heat and temperature, including the identification of the scientist who introduced the absolute temperature scale and the comparison of how different states of matter expand when heated.
🌡️ Understanding Molecular Kinetic Energy and Thermometers
The final paragraph focuses on the kinetic energy of molecules and how it relates to temperature. It clarifies that temperature measures the kinetic energy of molecules within a substance. The paragraph also addresses why the liquid in a thermometer rises when placed in hot water, explaining that the liquid expands as it gains heat. The teacher, MJ, concludes the lesson by expressing hope that the students have gained a deeper understanding of heat and temperature and encourages a continued eagerness to learn. The script ends with a reminder to stay safe and a sign-off from the teacher and the educational TV show, 'Deaf Ed TV'.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Heat
💡Temperature
💡Conduction
💡Convection
💡Radiation
💡Kinetic Energy
💡Phase Change
💡Calorie
💡Thermometer
💡Absolute Zero
💡Expansion
Highlights
Introduction to the science of heat and temperature, exploring the differences between the two.
Heat defined as a form of energy transfer from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature one.
Examples of heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation.
The SI unit for heat is the joule, and the calorie is another common unit used in nutrition.
Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of a body, object, or substance.
Temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin, with their historical origins and definitions.
Phase changes in substances due to temperature changes, such as melting, solidification, evaporation, and condensation.
Explanation of the heat of fusion and the processes involved in phase changes.
Sublimation and deposition as additional forms of phase changes.
The concept that energy is either given off or taken in during phase changes, while temperature remains constant.
Interactive questions to test understanding of heat and temperature concepts.
William Thompson's introduction of the absolute temperature scale, known as Kelvin.
Gas expands the most when heated at the same temperature compared to solids and liquids.
Temperature describes the kinetic energy of molecules in a substance.
Calorie is not a unit of temperature but is used to specify the energy content of food.
Explanation of why liquid in a thermometer rises when put in hot water due to expansion.
Closing remarks encouraging the continuation of learning about heat and temperature.
Transcripts
[Music]
aside amazing day
sci folks your psy energetic teacher is
back to join you in exploring
discovering and enjoying life i know
that your sire yented minds are now
excited to absorb information so allow
me to be with you
as you learn be sure you have your pen
your paper and everything you need for
this learning session
this is your teacher mj welcome to
another psy wonderful episode on
deaf ed tv
[Music]
[Music]
do you enjoy taking a sip of coffee
well i do especially during frigid
mornings
and of course when the weather is cold
what about having a night jam with your
friends in front
of a bonfire while enjoying your lightly
grilled
what about having your favorite ice cold
drink
well we enjoy things differently someone
thinks hot
someone thinks cold but as we enjoy
whatever happiness these things give us
there is the bead of science going on
behind it
do you know what it is yes
it is the science of heat and
temperature
this week we are going to talk about
heat
and temperature and the things that
would explain
things you might not have known all this
time
so be with me as we go through this
lesson
let's go
before we start try answering the
following questions to excite your brain
and to find out how far you know about
the concept
of heat and temperature
what average energy of particles does
temperature measure
a kinetic b potential
c chemical or d
mechanical
a kinetic
what happens to the temperature of an
object when the particles are moving
faster
a reduces b
increases c remains constant
or d increases then reduces
b increases
does the temperature of a substance
depends on how much the substance is
present
a no
b yes
c maybe or d
none of the above
[Music]
a no
which of the following is not a unit of
temperature
a calorie b
celsius c
fahrenheit or d
kelvin
a calorie
the normal body temperature is 37
degrees
celsius what is this in fahrenheit
a 32 degrees fahrenheit
b 99 degrees fahrenheit
c 212 degrees fahrenheit
or d 373 degrees
fahrenheit
[Music]
b 99 degrees fahrenheit
did you get all the correct answers well
if not
there's nothing to worry about at the
end of the lesson
i'm sure you will be enlightened with no
further ado
let's get moving are heat and
temperature the same
the common thinking of people regarding
heat and temperature
is that they are the same
in physics although heat and temperature
are related to each other
these two terms are not the same let's
try to dig deeper
as to how these terms are different
let's start by talking about
heat
so what is heat heat is a form of energy
that transfers from one body of higher
temperature
to another body of lower temperature
[Music]
heat transfers from one body with a
certain temperature to another body with
a different temperature
through conduction
convection and radiation
[Music]
to better understand that take a look at
this
if i dip a metal spoon which has a
normal temperature and a glass of hot
water
the heat from the water will be
transferred to the spoon
through the conduction of heat
another example when it is cold
you tend to enjoy the heat near a
fireplace or a bonfire
and your distance from the fire depends
on how much heat your body wants to
absorb
as you feel cold and as you stay close
to the fire
a certain amount of thermal energy from
the bonfire is transferred to your body
through radiation
that heat radiated towards you is a
deliverable heat that gives your body
comfort from a low temperature
the si unit for heat is joel
another common unit of heat is
calorie defined as the amount of heat
needed to change the temperature
of one gram of water by one degree
celsius
at a pressure of 1 atm
adm stands for atmospheric pressure
and the normal atmospheric pressure is
one
atm to avoid confusion
a calorie is not used to refer to an
amount of heat
it is used by dietitians or
nutritionists
to specify the energy content of food
now let's proceed with
temperature
temperature on the other hand is the
measure of the hotness
or coldness of a body object
or substance when you have a fever
you usually check how hot your body is
by basically putting your hands on your
neck
or forehead this is very typical for
everyone as a high temperature
usually indicates a fever
the normal temperature of the body is 37
degrees celsius
and if that goes higher something
might be wrong
aside from just using your senses there
is a more accurate way to measure
temperature what do we use to measure
temperature
do you have any idea
let's write a thermometer
temperature describes the average
kinetic energy of molecules in an
object or substance the higher the
kinetic energy
the faster the molecules move and thus
the temperature
is higher
the three common temperature scales are
celsius fahrenheit and
kelvin
andrew celsius introduced the celsius
scale in 1741
while daniel gabriel fahrenheit
introduced the fahrenheit scale
in 1724 both scales
use the freezing and boiling points of
water as
reference points on the celsius scale
the freezing point of water is zero
degrees celsius
while its boiling point is 100 degrees
celsius
under a pressure of 1 atm having 100
intervals between
two reference points on the fahrenheit
scale
the freezing point of water is 32
degrees
fahrenheit while its boiling point is
212 degrees fahrenheit having 180
intervals between
two reference points the difference
between these two
reference points is divided equally into
intervals
called degrees
william thompson also known as lord
kelvin
introduced the third temperature scale
which is called
kelvin this scale is based on
absolute zero corresponding to zero
kelvin
it is the lowest possible temperature
and it is when the molecules of the
substance
have the lowest energy
the kelvin scale cannot have negative
temperatures
on the kelvin scale the freezing point
of water is
273 kelvin while its boiling point is
373 kelvin the temperature difference is
100 kelvin
the difference in the temperature
between two reference points
in the celsius scale is also 100 degrees
celsius
so when we compare the kelvin and
sasha's scales
in terms of change or difference in
temperature
one kelvin is equivalent to one
degree celsius so there you have it
our three temperature scales
now have you ever wondered what happens
to substances
as their temperature changes
let's find out when the temperature of a
substance changes
its molecular structure and movement
also change
which results in what we call
phase change there are different types
of phase
changes or transitions such as melting
solidification evaporation
and condensation
fusion or melting is the process that
causes a solid to change to its liquid
state
the amount of heat required to produce
this change is called the heat of fusion
when liquids release heat the water
molecules begin to move
at a slower pace the space between the
molecules become compact
the process of changing liquids to
solids is called
solidification or freezing when water
boils
evaporation takes place heat is absorbed
and water
is converted into steam or water vapor
the amount of heat needed for a liquid
to evaporate
depends on the boiling point of the
liquid
when water vapor releases heat its gas
state
changes to the liquid state through
condensation
which accounts for the formation of
clouds in the water cycle
some other forms of phase changes are
sublimation
and deposition sublimation is the
process
of transforming a substance from the
solid phase
directly to the gas state without
passing the liquid phase
this requires additional energy
the position is the process of
transforming a substance
from gas to solid without passing the
liquid phase
and requires a release of energy
during any of these phase changes energy
is either given off or taken in
when a substance changes space the
temperature does not change
only the amount of energy changes
now that we know more about heat and
temperature
i hope that you will now be able to
distinguish
how these two terms are different to
test that
it's time to check your comprehension by
answering
the following questions let's do
the cycles who introduced the absolute
temperature scale a
under celsius b
gabriel fahrenheit c
william rankin or d
william thompson
d william thompson
which expands the greatest when heated
at the same temperature
a gas b
solid c liquid
or d all expand equally
a gas
temperature describes the blank of
molecules in a substance
a potential energy
b kinetic energy
c thermal energy
or d gravitational force
b kinetic energy
which of the following is not a unit of
temperature
a fahrenheit
b celsius
c calorie or
d kelvin
c calorie
why does liquid in the thermometer rise
when put in hot water
a the liquid is boiling
b the liquid is evaporating
c the liquid gains heat from the hot
water
causing it to expand
or d the liquid loses heat from the hot
water
causing it to contract
see the liquid gains heat from the hot
water causing it to expand
that is all for today sci folks i hope
that the heat of information has been
radiated
into your minds and the temperature of
your eagerness to learn continues to
rise
see you again in our next episode and we
will together explore
discover and enjoy life this is your
teacher mj
and this is deb ed tv keep safe everyone
[Music]
you
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