BAB 2 GEOGRAFI KELAS XI | KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI | KURIKULUM MERDEKA
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the subject of geography for 11th-grade Indonesian students, focusing on the diversity of life. It explores the concepts of flora and fauna, their importance to human life, and the threats they face in Indonesia. The video also explains the components of ecosystems, types of biomes, and their characteristics. It covers the distribution of biomes and their specific flora and fauna across the globe, emphasizing the need for conservation.
Takeaways
- 🌱 The video discusses the importance of biodiversity, focusing on Indonesia's flora and fauna, and their role in maintaining ecosystem balance.
- 🌿 'Flora' refers to all types of plants and 'fauna' to all types of animals on Earth, both crucial for human survival.
- 🌳 Flora and fauna provide essential resources such as food, economic assets, medicinal ingredients, and contribute to ecological balance.
- 🌍 Indonesia faces biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction, environmental pollution, climate change, and irresponsible exploitation.
- 🌎 The biosphere is the Earth's layer where life forms interact with their physical environment, forming ecosystems.
- 🌳 Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components, including plants, animals, water, climate, and soil.
- 🌲 Biomes are large ecosystems with distinct flora and fauna, influenced by climate, temperature, and precipitation.
- 🐾 The video identifies six major biomes: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rainforest, grassland, and desert.
- 🌐 Each biome has unique characteristics and is distributed across different regions of the world, influenced by climate and geography.
- 🐘 The distribution of flora and fauna is categorized into six zones: Nearctic, Neotropical, Australian, Oriental, Palearctic, and Ethiopian, each with distinct species.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the study of biodiversity in Indonesia, focusing on the distribution of flora and fauna.
What does the term 'biodiversity' refer to?
-Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth that plays a role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.
What is the difference between 'flora' and 'fauna'?
-Flora refers to all types of plants and trees found on Earth, while fauna refers to all types of animals.
Why are plants and animals important for human life?
-Plants and animals are important for human life as they provide food, economic resources, medicinal ingredients, and help maintain ecological balance.
What are the main reasons for the loss of biodiversity in Indonesia according to the Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (IPS) 2015-2020?
-The main reasons for the loss of biodiversity in Indonesia include habitat destruction due to natural disasters, forest fires, environmental pollution, climate change, and habitat loss due to land conversion for agriculture, mining, industry, and settlements.
What is a 'biome' and how is it defined?
-A biome is a large ecosystem with distinctive flora and fauna, characterized by its dominant vegetation and the community that persists over a long period, occupying a large area.
What are the five main biomes recognized by geographers?
-The five main biomes recognized by geographers are tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, and desert.
What are the characteristics of the tundra biome?
-The tundra biome has a cold climate, very long cold seasons, a frozen environment, and is dominated by grasses, mosses, and small shrubs. It is home to animals like polar bears, Arctic foxes, and penguins.
What are the main components of an ecosystem?
-The main components of an ecosystem are biotic (living organisms like plants, humans, and animals) and abiotic (non-living elements like air, climate, and soil).
How are the world's flora and fauna distributed according to Alfred Russel Wallace?
-According to Alfred Russel Wallace, the world's flora and fauna are distributed into six realms: Nearctic, Neotropical, Australian, Oriental, Palearctic, and Ethiopian.
What are the characteristics of the tropical rainforest biome?
-The tropical rainforest biome has a warm climate year-round, high rainfall, and a diverse range of plant life with a thick canopy. It is home to a variety of animals such as orangutans, tigers, and elephants.
Outlines
🌿 Introduction to Indonesian Biodiversity
This paragraph introduces a geography lesson for 11th-grade students, focusing on the topic of biodiversity. It explains the importance of flora and fauna for maintaining ecological balance and their roles in human life, such as providing food, economic resources, and medicinal ingredients. The lesson also touches on the significance of biodiversity and the threats it faces in Indonesia, including habitat destruction, pollution, and irresponsible exploitation. The script sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the various biomes and their unique characteristics.
🌍 Exploring the World's Biomes
This paragraph delves into the different types of biomes found across the globe, including tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grasslands, deserts, and tropical rainforests. Each biome is characterized by its unique climate, vegetation, and fauna. The paragraph describes the specific features of these biomes, such as the cold and icy conditions of the tundra, the long and harsh winters of the taiga, the moderate climate and seasonal changes of the temperate deciduous forest, and the hot and arid conditions of the deserts. It also mentions the distribution of these biomes across various continents and the types of flora and fauna that inhabit them.
🐾 Distribution of Flora and Fauna Across Biomes
The final paragraph discusses the distribution of flora and fauna across the world's biomes, referencing the work of Alfred Russel Wallace. It outlines six major biogeographic zones: the Nearctic, Neotropical, Australian, Oriental, Palearctic, and Ethiopian. Each zone is characterized by specific types of biomes and is home to unique animal species. The paragraph provides examples of the fauna found in each zone, such as polar bears in the Nearctic, opossums in the Neotropical, kangaroos in the Australian, orangutans in the Oriental, and zebras in the Ethiopian. It concludes with a brief mention of the next topics to be covered in the video, signaling the end of the current segment.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biodiversity
💡Flora and Fauna
💡Ecosystem
💡Habitat Destruction
💡Climate Change
💡Bioma
💡Tundra
💡Taiga
💡Temperate Forest
💡Grassland
💡Desert
Highlights
Introduction to the study of geography for 11th grade in the independent curriculum.
Exploration of the topic of biodiversity, specifically flora and fauna in Indonesia.
Definition of biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth that maintains ecological balance.
Explanation of the terms 'flora' referring to all types of plants and 'fauna' referring to all types of animals on Earth.
The importance of flora and fauna for human life, including as food, economic resources, medicinal ingredients, and ecosystem balance.
Discussion of the problems faced by Indonesia's flora and fauna according to the Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2020.
Causes of biodiversity loss in Indonesia, including habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change.
The impact of land-use changes, such as deforestation for agriculture, mining, and urbanization, on biodiversity.
Overexploitation of flora and fauna driven by irresponsible trade practices.
The concept of the biosphere as the layer of Earth where life, including humans, animals, and plants, interacts with the physical environment.
Differentiation between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, with biotic including living organisms and abiotic including non-living elements.
Definition of a biome as a large ecosystem with distinct flora and fauna, characterized by dominant vegetation and long-lasting communities.
Identification of the five main biomes by geography: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grassland, and desert.
Characteristics of the tundra biome, including cold climate, long winters, and icy environment.
Characteristics of the taiga biome, with a moderate to cold climate, long winters, and short summers.
Characteristics of the temperate deciduous forest biome, with a moderate climate, moderate rainfall, and distinct seasons.
Characteristics of the grassland biome, with a semi-arid to arid climate and limited rainfall.
Characteristics of the desert biome, with a dry climate, low rainfall, and limited water availability.
Distribution of biomes across the world, influenced by climate, temperature, precipitation, soil, and geological conditions.
Concept of ecological zones, including the Nearctic, Neotropical, Australian, Oriental, Palearctic, and Ethiopian zones.
Description of the distribution and examples of fauna within each ecological zone.
Conclusion of the video with a summary and closing remarks.
Transcripts
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh kembali lagi di S channel di
video kali ini kita akan belajar mata
pelajaran geografi kelas 11 kurikulum
merdeka merdeka
[Musik]
belajar di video kali ini kita akan
belajar materi bab du yaitu
keanekaragaman hayati subab materi yang
akan kita bahas yaitu keanekaragaman
flora dan fauna di Indonesia sebaran
flora dan fauna dunia
a keanekaragaman flora dan fauna di
Indonesia pengertian flora dan fauna
keanekaaragaman hayati adalah
keberagaman kehidupan yang terdapat di
bumi yang berperan untuk menjaga
keseimbangan
ekosistem flora yaitu segala jenis
tumbuhan dan tanaman yang ada di muka
bumi sedangkan fauna segala jenis hewan
yang ada di muka bumi
[Musik]
dapatkah kalian bayangkan jika manusia
hidup tanpa tumbuhan dan hewan tentunya
manusia tidak dapat bertahan hidup bukan
hewan dan tumbuhan memiliki peran yang
sangat besar bagi kehidupan
manusia arti penting flora dan fauna
bagi kehidupan sebagai bahan makanan
sebagai sumber daya ekonomi sebagai
sumber bahan obat menjaga keseimbangan
ekosistem
[Musik]
permasalahan flora dan fauna di
Indonesia menurut Indonesian
biodiversity strategi and action plan
atau IPS tahun 2015 sampai 2020
kepunahan keaneka ragaman hayati terjadi
karena hal-hal berikut yaitu kerusakan
habitat baik karena bencana alam
kebakaran hutan pencemaran lingkungan
maupun perubahan iklim hilangnya habitat
perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan atau
habitat keaneka ragaman hayati untuk
lahan pertanian pertambangan industri
dan
pemukiman t eksploitasi flora dan fauna
karena nilai manfaat yang terkandung di
dalamnya yang didorong oleh perdagangan
yang tidak bertanggung jawab B
persebaran flora dan fauna
dunia biosfer merupakan lapisan bumi
yang menj makhluk hidup seperti manusia
hewan dan tumbuhan untuk melangsungkan
kehidupannya terjadi interaksi antara
organisme dan lingkungan fisik yang
menjadi tempat tinggalnya interaksi
inilah membentuk suatu
ekosistem menurut alansli menurut
penyusunnya Ekosistem dibagi dua yaitu
komponen biotik dan komponen abiotik
komponen biotik berupa makhluk hidup dan
komponen abiotik merupakan benda tak
hidup komponen biotik contohnya tumbuhan
manusia dan hewan sedangkan komponen
abiotik contohnya air iklim dan tanah
bioma adalah ekosistem besar yang
memiliki flora dan fauna yang khas
karakteristik bioma memiliki vegetasi
utama yang mendominasi komunitas yang
bertahan dalam jangka waktu yang lama
menempati wilayah yang luas ahli
geografi mengenal lima bioma utama yaitu
hutan padang rumput Safana gurun dan
tundra bioma dipengaruhi oleh iklim suhu
dan curah hujan tanah dan kondisi
geologi yang membuat komunitas
bervariasi dan dapat dikategorikan dalam
zona
vegetatif pesebaran sistem bioma ada
tundra karakteristik bioma tundra yaitu
beriklim dingin hingga kutub musim
dingin sangat panjang lingkungan beku
dan terdapat salju fauna yang terdapat
di bioma ini beruang kutub rusa kutup
tupai singa laut dan pinguin tumbuhannya
didominasi oleh rumput lumut dan tanaman
satu musim bioma tundra yang terdapat di
daerah lingkar kutub utara dan sebagian
kecil di selatan di Kutub Utara bioma
ini terdapat di sekitar artik termasuk
Greenland sementara di Kutub Selatan
bioma ini terdapat di Antartika dan
pulau-pulau kecil di sekitarnya taiga
karakteristik bioma taiga yaitu beriklim
sedang hingga dingin musim dingin sangat
panjang dan musim panas yang singkat
pertumbuhan tanaman terjadi pada musim
panas fauna yang terdapat di bioma ini
rusak beruang hutan Serigala lins dan
jenis tumbuhannya yaitu konifer cemarah
vinus dan
Juniper bioma taiga ini merupakan bioma
terbesar di bumi banyak ditemukan di
belahan bumi utara misalnya di wilayah
negara rusia dan
Kanada hutan gugur berikrim sedang
karakteristik bioma hutan gugur beriklim
sedang yaitu beriklim sejuk dan curah
hujan sedang memiliki empat jenis musim
pohonnya berguguran Selama musim gugur
tetapi tidak berdaun Selama musim
dingin pohonnya tumbuh dengan cepat
Selama musim panas fauna bioma ini yaitu
rusa rakun tupai Rubah dan burung
pelatuk Bioma hutan gugur terdapat di
daerah yang beriklim sedang yaitu yang
meliputi wilayah Amerika Serikat bagian
timur Ujung Selatan Benua Amerika
kepulauan Inggris dan
Australia hutan selalu hijam subtropis
karakteristik bioma hutan selalu hujan
tropis yaitu iklim sedang lembab dengan
musim dingin ringan bentuk kanopinya
kurang padat lapisan vegetasi di bawah
kanopi cukup padat vegetasi berupa Pakis
bambu angkrek dan semak fauna di bioma
ini yaitu keledai rusah kelinci tupai
dan
kadal padang rumput beriklim sedang
karakteristiknya yaitu beriklim semi
sampai kering curah hujan dan tanah
tidak cukup mendukung untuk tanaman lain
vegetasinya hanya berup rerumputan fauna
di bioma ini yaitu zebra Afrika kangur
Australia dan Bison
Amerika peta persesabarannya terdapat di
padang ruputi Green pls Amerika utara
pampas Amerika Selatan FL Afrika Selatan
stepa aurasia Tengah dan gurun di
sekitar Australia dan lainnya ditemukan
di setiap benua kecuali
antarktika gurun karakteristik bioma
gurun yaitu beriklim kering curah hujan
rendah jumlah air yang terbatas jenis
tumbuhannya yaitu semak-semak perdu dan
kaktus fauna bioma ini yaitu unta ular
hewan pengerat atau rodensia dan kadal
peta pesebarannya terdapat di wilayah
Afrika Utara atau Sahara Amerika Utara
great basin Australia di Gibson dan
sebagainya hutan gugur tropis
karakteristiknya yaitu beriklim hangat
sepanjang tahun memiliki pohon Kanopi
yang tingginya 20 sampai25 m lebih dari
2/3 merupakan jenis pohon penggugur
fauna di bioma ini yaitu singa harimau
rusa dan
gajah padang rumput tropis
karakteristiknya yaitu beriklim tropis
curah hujan tidak teratur suhu cenderung
hangat sepanjang tahun jenis tumbuhan
yaitu pohon akasia pohon ekaliptus dan
rumput gajah fauna di bioma ini yaitu
rusa Kijang singa jerapa antelop dan
macan
tutul hutan hujan tropis
karakteristiknya yaitu beriklim tropis
curah hujan tinggi jenis tumbuhannya
bervariasi pohonnya memiliki daun yang
lebat membentuk Kanopi yang luas jenis
tumbuhannya berupa pepohonan Liana
anggrek dan ravesia fauna di bioma ini
yaitu kera burung Bajing dan kucing
hutan
peta pesebarannya hutan-hutan ini
didapati di Asia Australia Afrika
Amerika Selatan Amerika Tengah meksico
dan kepulauan
Pasifik pesebaran flora dan fauna di
dunia menurut alfrad Russel
wes ada enam zona yaitu Zona nertik zona
neotropik zona Australia zona oriental
zona palentik dan zona Etiopia
berikut peta pesebaran fauna di
dunia zona nertik terdapat tundra taigah
hutan gugur berikim sedang padang rumput
dan Gurun musim dingin kawasannya
meliputi Wilayah dataran Kanada
Greenland bagian timur Amerika Utara
bagian barat Amerika Utara dan bagian
utara Meksiko contoh hewannya yaitu
kalkun rusa kutub dan
Bison zona-zona neotropik zona neotropik
terdapat hutan hujan tropis padang
rumput dan Gurun kawasan ini meliputi
wilayah bagian selatan Meksiko Amerika
Tengah dan Amerika
Selatan contoh hewannya adalah oposum
armadilo dan monyet marmoset fauna zona
australis zona australis terdapat gurun
hutan tropis hutan gugur beriklim sedang
dan hutan hujan beriklim sedang
kawasannya yaitu Indonesia bagian timur
Australia new zeeland dan Papua Nugini
contoh hewannya yaitu wombet kangguru
dan
koala fauna zona oriental kawasan ini
meliputi wilayah Asia Selatan Asia
Tenggara bagian selatan Asia Timur India
dan Indonesia bagian barat contoh
hewannya yaitu orang utan badak dan
tarsius fauna Zona peraltik zona paltik
merupakan kawasan fauna terbesar besar
zona ini terdapat tundra taiga hutan
gugur dan Gurun kawasan ini meliputi
wilayah sebagian besar benua Eropa
daerah sekitar kutub utara Rusia Asia
Tengah Asia Timur dan Maroko contoh
hewan zona Ethiopian yaitu Panda
Serigala dan nits fauna zona Ethiopian
zona ethopian terdapat hutan hujan
tropis stepah sabana dan gurun pasir
kawasan ini meliputi di wilayah sebagian
besar Benua Afrika Madagaskar bagian
selatan Saudi Arabia contoh hewannya
yaitu kuda nil zebra dan jerapah
Oke cukup materi selanjutnya di video
berikutnya ya Wassalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
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