Bagaimana cara melakukan penelitian sejarah? | Sejarah Kelas X - EDURAYA MENGAJAR

Eduraya Teknologi

8 Apr 202204:19

Summary

TLDRThe video script introduces the speaker as a historian at a cultural preservation institute, embarking on a historical research journey. They emphasize the importance of formulating research questions encompassing the 5Ws and 1H. The script delves into the methods of historical research, distinguishing between primary and secondary sources, and the necessity of verifying their authenticity. It also touches on the analysis of historical sources through interpretation and the concept of historiography, highlighting the researcher's responsibility to remain objective amidst the subjective nature of historical study.

Takeaways

🔍 The speaker is a historian who works at a cultural preservation center and is conducting historical research.
📝 They start by determining the historical topic and formulating the research question, which should include the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).
🚫 Historical research must follow a method, and it cannot be arbitrary.
🔬 The first method involves finding and identifying historical sources, which are divided into primary and secondary sources.
📚 Primary sources are direct evidence from historical actors, such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photos.
🌐 For primary sources related to archives, one can access them through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website.
📖 Secondary sources come from non-actors, such as research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books.
🏰 An example given is researching a temple, where one must understand its background through secondary sources and then gather primary data by visiting the temple directly.
🔍📖 The next step is to verify the authenticity of the historical sources through external criticism (checking accuracy and authenticity) and internal criticism (evaluating credibility).
🤔 The speaker then explains the method of analyzing historical sources by interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various sources, such as cause and effect or correlations.
🚫 The researcher must be careful not to introduce subjectivity into the interpretation process, as it is limited by the historical facts available.
📝 The final method mentioned is historiography, which is the study of the writing of history. For more details, the speaker suggests watching another video.

Q & A

What is the role of the speaker in the video?
-The speaker is a historian who works at a cultural preservation institution and is conducting historical research.
What is the first step in conducting historical research according to the speaker?
-The first step is to determine the historical topic and then formulate the research problem in the form of a question, ensuring it covers the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).
What are the two types of historical sources mentioned in the script?
-The two types of historical sources are primary sources and secondary sources.
Can you provide an example of a primary source from the script?
-Examples of primary sources include diaries, interview documents, historical photos, and objects directly related to historical actors.
How can one access primary sources related to archives, as mentioned in the script?
-One can access primary sources related to archives through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website, unri.co.id.
What are some examples of secondary sources according to the script?
-Examples of secondary sources include research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books that are not directly from the historical actors but from other parties.
What is the importance of visiting a historical site like a temple for research?
-Visiting a historical site directly allows the researcher to obtain primary data such as measurements, photos, and other actual details, which are crucial for the research.
What are the two types of criticism or verification mentioned for historical sources?
-The two types of criticism are external criticism (or authenticity), which checks the accuracy and authenticity of the source, and internal criticism (or credibility), which assesses the credibility of the source.
What is the purpose of the interpretative or explanatory method in historical research?
-The purpose of the interpretative method is to analyze historical sources by interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various historical sources, such as causality or correlation.
What is historiography and why is it important in historical research?
-Historiography is the study of the writing of history and its methods. It is important because it provides an understanding of how history has been interpreted and presented by different historians over time.
What is the potential risk for researchers when using the interpretative method in historical research?
-The potential risk is that researchers might introduce their subjective side into the analysis, which should be strictly based on historical facts and not deviate from them.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Historical Research

The speaker introduces themselves as a historian at a cultural preservation institute and outlines the steps of historical research. They emphasize the importance of identifying a topic, formulating research questions, and covering the 5Ws and 1H (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How). The speaker also mentions that historical research requires a methodical approach and cannot be based on conjecture.

🔍 Methods of Historical Research

The speaker explains the first method of historical research, which involves finding and identifying historical sources. They differentiate between primary and secondary sources, giving examples of each. Primary sources are direct evidence from historical actors, such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photographs, while secondary sources are interpretations from non-actors, like research reports and encyclopedias. The speaker also provides a website for accessing Indonesian national archives.

🔎 Verifying Historical Sources

After identifying historical sources, the speaker discusses the process of verifying their authenticity, known as external criticism or authenticity and internal criticism or credibility. External criticism assesses the accuracy and authenticity of the source, while internal criticism evaluates the reliability of the source's content. This step ensures that the historical research is based on reliable and credible evidence.

📝 Analyzing and Interpreting Historical Sources

The speaker moves on to the analysis of historical sources, which involves interpreting and understanding the meaning and connections between various historical sources. They highlight the importance of identifying causes, effects, and correlations within the verified sources. This process, known as interpretation or explanation, requires the researcher to use their imagination within the constraints of historical facts, being careful not to introduce subjectivity.

🗓️ Historiography in Historical Research

The final method discussed by the speaker is historiography, which involves understanding the history of historical writing itself. This method helps to contextualize the research within the broader scope of how history has been written and interpreted over time. The speaker suggests watching a follow-up video for a more detailed explanation of historiography.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Historian

A historian is a scholar who studies and writes about the past, utilizing historical records and documents to analyze and interpret events. In the video, the narrator identifies as a historian, which sets the stage for the discussion on historical research methods and the importance of understanding the past.

💡Historical Research

Historical research refers to the process of investigating and analyzing past events, societies, and cultures. The video script emphasizes that historical research is not arbitrary but follows specific methodologies, which is central to the theme of the video.

💡5W and 1H

5W and 1H stands for Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How, which are the fundamental questions used to frame historical inquiries. The script mentions that the narrator's research questions encompass these elements, illustrating the comprehensive approach needed in historical studies.

💡Heuristics

In the context of the video, heuristics refers to the methods used to find and identify historical sources. The script explains that historians use heuristics to locate primary and secondary sources, which is a critical step in conducting historical research.

💡Primary Sources

Primary sources are original materials or evidence from the time period involved, created by a participant or eyewitness. The video provides examples of primary sources such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photos, and explains their direct connection to the events being studied.

💡Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are works created by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions being researched. The script mentions reports, encyclopedias, and books as examples, which are analyzed by historians to understand the context and interpretation of historical events.

💡National Archives

The National Archives is an institution that preserves government records and makes them available for public research. The video script suggests visiting the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website for accessing primary sources, highlighting the importance of official records in historical research.

💡Critique or Verification

Critique or verification in historical research involves assessing the authenticity and credibility of sources. The video distinguishes between external critique, which assesses the accuracy of the source, and internal critique, which evaluates the credibility of the source's author or creator.

💡Interpretation

Interpretation in historical research is the method of analyzing and understanding the meaning and connections between various historical sources. The script describes this as a process where historians use their imagination within the constraints of historical facts, which is crucial for forming a coherent narrative of the past.

💡Historiography

Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in their representation of the past. The video mentions historiography as the final method of historical research, suggesting it involves the analysis of how history has been written and interpreted by scholars over time.

💡Subjectivity

Subjectivity refers to personal biases or perspectives that may influence historical interpretation. The video warns about the risk of historians introducing their subjectivity into their research, emphasizing the need for objectivity in analyzing historical sources.

Highlights

Introduction to the speaker as a historian and researcher at a cultural preservation institute.

The process of selecting a historical research topic and formulating it into a question.

The necessity of covering the 5Ws and 1H in historical research questions.

The prohibition of arbitrary research in history, emphasizing the need for a methodological approach.

Introduction to the heuristic method of finding historical sources.

Explanation of primary and secondary sources in historical research.

Examples of primary sources such as diaries, interview documents, and historical photos.

Direction on accessing primary sources through the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia's website.

Examples of secondary sources including research reports, encyclopedias, field notes, and books.

The importance of understanding the background of historical objects like temples through secondary sources.

The necessity of obtaining primary data through direct visits to historical sites.

The process of verifying the authenticity of historical sources through external and internal criticism.

External criticism focuses on the accuracy and authenticity of sources.

Internal criticism assesses the credibility of the sources.

Analyzing historical sources by interpreting and understanding the connections and correlations.

The method of interpretation or explanation in historical research, requiring limited imagination based on historical facts.

The risk of researchers incorporating their subjectivity in the interpretation process.

Introduction to historiography as the final method in historical research.

Encouragement to watch a video for a clearer understanding of historiography.

Closing remarks expressing hope for the usefulness of the information shared and a sign-off.