莫言侮辱英烈了吗？｜莫言｜说真话的毛星火｜胡锡进｜侮辱英烈｜起诉｜红高粱家族｜丰乳肥臀｜诺贝尔文学奖｜文革｜刘晓波｜王局拍案20240304

Summary

这段视频讲述了作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖后遭遇的争议。虽然中国政府对此喜忖盈盈,但莫言在作品中对革命烈士和毛泽东持有一些否定性评论,被指出侮辱革命先烈。从莫言的成长经历和文学叙事风格可以看出,他试图超越意识形态,从人性角度审视历史,这与主流革命叙事存在分歧。该事件反映出现实中的矛盾荒谬,即在新时代环境下,曾经的文学成就或许会成为罪过。这凸显了如何正视并化解这一矛盾的重要性。

Takeaways

• 😀 作家莫言因其作品受到国家认可,获得诺贝尔文学奖,成为中国政府首次承认的诺贝尔奖得主。
• 😬 莫言曾在采访中呼吁释放刘晓波,遭到中国政府批评。他在诺贝尔奖颁奖时未重申此观点,可能是为了避免更多麻烦。
• 😠 某网民马兴火状告莫言诽谤革命烈士,认为其作品美化日本侵略者、贬低共产党游击队的形象,要求莫言赔偿15亿元。
• 🧐 莫言的作品确实颠覆了共产党文学中革命英雄的叙事模式,将革命力量等同于普通人性。
• 😔 莫言成长于农村,深受贫困和毛泽东时代的残酷阶级斗争政策摧残,因此对毛泽东持有强烈的反感和不满。
• 🤔 莫言曾在访毛泽东故居时,有伤风败俗之言,意在宣泄对毛的不满。
• 😕 莫言的作品虽在当时被视为文学成就,但现今被认为是对革命烈士和中共历史叙事的冒犯。
• 🙄 莫言事件反映了当代中国社会现实的矛盾和荒谬:曾经的光荣如今成为罪过。
• 🤷‍♂️ 应正视莫言事件,不回避莫言作品的问题和他对革命烈士的冒犯行为。
• 😖 莫言事件折射出中国在处理言论自由与保护主流意识形态之间的困境。

Q & A

莫言为什么被认为是中国官方承认的第一个诺贝尔文学奖得主？

莫言被认为是中国官方承认的第一个诺贝尔文学奖得主，因为在他之前获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家高行健由于离开了党，并且他的文章对中国政府不够友好，所以中国政府从未承认过他。相反，莫言的获奖被中国政府视为中国人民的荣誉，受到了官方的广泛认可和庆祝。

莫言在诺贝尔奖获奖演讲中提到的故乡是什么样的地方？

莫言在诺贝尔奖获奖演讲中提到的故乡是中国东北部的高密村，这是一个遥远的乡村地区，莫言的描述让听众对他的家乡及其人民有了一定程度的了解。

莫言的文学作品在中国面临的争议是什么？

莫言的文学作品面临的争议包括被指控美化侵略者、贬低革命烈士，以及在一些评论中被认为是对革命烈士和毛泽东等历史人物的侮辱。这些争议导致了对莫言的法律诉讼，以及在线上和公共讨论中的广泛争议。

为什么有人要求莫言赔偿15亿人民币？

有人要求莫言赔偿15亿人民币是因为他在文学作品中的某些描述被认为侮辱了革命烈士，以及他的某些评论被怀疑侮辱了烈士。这个要求象征性地代表了1.5亿中国人，要求莫言对每个人赔偿一元人民币。

莫言如何回应对他的批评和法律诉讼？

原文中没有直接提到莫言对这些批评和法律诉讼的具体回应，但通过描述可知，莫言面临的争议和法律诉讼引起了广泛的社会和网络讨论。

莫言在军队的经历如何影响了他的写作生涯？

莫言在军队的经历为他提供了改变命运的机会，使他能够吃饱、穿暖，并在空闲时间学习和写作。这段经历最终使他能够成为一名专业作家，加入中国作家协会，并创作了许多著名的文学作品。

莫言为什么会受到中国政府的特别待遇？

莫言受到中国政府的特别待遇，主要是因为他作为中国官方承认的第一个诺贝尔文学奖得主，给中国政府和人民带来了荣誉。他的成功被视为中国文学和文化的国际认可。

莫言的文学作品和个人言论为何引起法律诉讼？

莫言的文学作品和个人言论引起法律诉讼，因为被认为侮辱了革命烈士和历史人物，特别是在对待毛泽东和革命历史的描述上。这些争议触发了法律诉讼和公众的激烈讨论。

公众和学者是如何看待莫言和他作品中的历史观点的？

公众和学者对莫言及其作品中的历史观点有不同的看法。一些人批评他对革命历史的描述，认为这是对历史和革命烈士的不敬。然而，也有人支持莫言的文学自由和创作视角，认为他的作品提供了对历史的多元解读。

莫言如何看待他的创作与政治、历史的关系？

莫言认为，作为小说家，他在社会中自然有自己的立场和观点，但在写作时，他应站在人性的角度，将所有人都视为人类。这表明他试图超越政治和意识形态的限制，关注更普遍的人性和社会问题。

Outlines

00:00

🗣️ 莫言的背景和获奖经历

这段介绍了莫言的个人背景和生平,以及他如何从贫穷农村走向文学成功并赢得诺贝尔文学奖。提到了中国对其他获得诺贝尔奖的中国人的不同态度,以及莫言在中国政府眼中的重要地位。还探讨了一张莫言在两会上的照片引发的争议。

05:00

🔍 起诉莫言的指控

这段讨论了一位名叫毛兴火的人提起的诉讼,指控莫言在其作品和言论中侮辱了革命烈士。列举了诉讼中提出的多项指控,比如在小说中美化日本侵略者、贬低八路军等。也提到了支持和反对这一诉讼的人物及其立场。

10:03

🌱 莫言的成长经历

这段分享了莫言童年和成长经历中的一些细节,比如他母亲教导的善良品行、儿时听说书的爱好、加入军队改变命运的心路历程。描述了当时农村的贫困和严酷生活环境,这些都为他后来的文学创作奠定了基础。

15:06

⁉️ 莫言对政治事件的看法

这一段探讨了莫言对一些政治事件的反应和看法。包括他在获奖时呼吁释放刚诺奖得主刘晓波,以及他对共产党革命历史讲述的一些反思。提到他在毛泽东故居时的一句争议言论,对这一言论的不同理解。

20:08

📚 莫言作品的文学分析

这部分深入分析了莫言代表作《红高粱家族》等作品对共产党革命历史叙事传统的颠覆和重塑。指出他将农民武装力量、土匪、共产党员等元素融入故事,与过去单一的革命历史观有所不同。同时也概括了80、90年代思想开放时期对此类作品的欣赏氛围。

25:09

✍️ 莫言作品的深层含义

这段继续探讨莫言文学创作背后的潜在含义。认为他试图超越意识形态,从人性出发讲述革命历史,这与传统对英雄烈士高于凡人的理念产生了矛盾。因此在新时代背景下,曾经引以为豪的作品如今被视为对革命烈士的亵渎。最后呼吁社会直面这一矛盾,不回避讨论。

30:10

🔍 莫言事件的总结

这是最后一段,对整个莫言事件做了总结性评论。再次阐述了莫言作品被指责亵渎革命烈士的原因,认为这反映了一个现实中的矛盾和荒谬。鼓励大家不回避这个话题,继续探讨和反思。最后莫言本人的一些励志的话。

Keywords

💡讲故事人

讲故事人是指通过口头讲述故事来娱乐或传递信息的人。在视频中,莫言提到小时候经常去听讲故事人讲述故事,这些故事对他的文学创作产生了深远影响。讲故事人在中国乡村是一种传统文化现象,他们通过生动有趣的方式来展现人性、社会现实等主题。

💡乡土

乡土指农村地区,尤其是偏远贫困的农村。莫言出身于山东高密一个贫困落后的小村庄,他的作品反映了他对家乡乡土生活的切身体验。乡土生活的艰辛、落后环境深深影响了莫言的成长,也成为他文学创作的主要题材。视频中多次提及莫言童年在村里赤身露体、挨饿受冻的乡村景象。

💡入伍

入伍是指参加军队当兵,是莫言改变自己命运的重要途径。视频中提到,在上世纪七十年代,进入军队成为农村年轻人摆脱贫困环境的一条出路。莫言入伍后有机会接受文学训练,奠定了他后来文学创作的基础。入伍标志着他摆脱了贫困农村的生活环境,走上了新的人生道路。

💡红高粱家族

《红高粱家族》是莫言的代表作之一,讲述了山东高密农民在抗日战争期间自发抗击日本侵略者的故事。该书后被张艺谋改编成电影《红高粱》,在柏林影展获重大奖项,令莫言一举成名。《红高粱家族》以乡土剧情、诗意写实手法描绘了战争与人性,被认为是中国乡土文学的杰出代表。

💡历史叙事

历史叙事是指以一定的历史观念和立场,对历史事件进行解释和阐述的方式。视频指出,莫言的作品颠覆了中共的传统历史叙事逻辑,例如在《红高粱家族》中,共产党并没有按常理扶植和领导起义农民,而是由土匪抗击了日军。这与中共历史上高度赞颂革命先烈的叙事方式形成鲜明对比,被视为对革命烈士的亵渎。

💡革命先烈

革命先烈指在中国革命历史进程中为民族独立和人民解放英勇牺牲的人们。他们被中国共产党高度礼赞,是国家意识形态宣传的重点对象。视频中批评莫言作品含有亵渎革命先烈、诋毁英雄烈士形象的嫌疑,引发网民愤怒,认为他应为此付出代价。

💡禁锢

禁锢指受到严格约束和限制的状态。视频表明,莫言早期创作时代思想环境相对自由开放,但时代发展至今,可能反而面临禁锢。他曾经因为作品驳斥中共革命英雄史实而赢得名声,却在今天可能因此被指控亵渎先烈。这反映出当代中国日益严格的意识形态审查环境,对作家的创作自由产生了禁锢。

💡诺贝尔奖

诺贝尔奖是世界上最著名的国际性奖项之一,代表着各个领域的最高成就。2012年莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖,是第一位获此殊荣的中国大陆作家。视频指出,莫言获奖令中国政府感到极大荣耀,但同时也折射出前几位获奖的中国人(例如达赖喇嘛、刘晓波)给政权带来的尴尬境地。

💡文化认同

文化认同体现了一个人对特定文化的认同感和归属感。视频透过探讨莫言对中国革命文化的颠覆性叙事,引出了他与中国主流意识形态文化存在分歧和疏离。作为农村出身的乡土作家,莫言的文学创作更多呈现草根人物和现实生活,与革命英雄文化缺乏认同感。

💡亵渎

亵渎指对神圣或应受尊重的事物表现出轻视或侮辱。视频中提到的诉讼指控莫言在作品中亵渎革命烈士,即以不恰当的方式描写、评论革命英雄形象,从而有亵渎、玷污他们的嫌疑。按照中国的意识形态,革命先烈是最应该受到尊重的对象,任何貌似亵渎的言行都会引发舆论谴责。

Highlights

我自己,直到18岁在乡下,夏天就是一条短裤,15岁以前,我很抱歉说,我从来没有穿过衣服。

15岁的农村男孩,现在15岁的男孩可能已经是父亲了,但是那个时候,由于饥饿和封闭,15岁的男孩基本处于一种恍惚状态。

所以夏天15岁以下的男孩全部是裸体的,这不是我们有一种暴露自己肉体的嗜好,而是因为我们没有衣服穿。

所以当时我最大的梦想,就是不惜一切代价逃离农村。我曾经认为,即使我是一把用钻石打造的宝剑,在农村环境里也会生锈。

我记得有一次中秋节中午,我家很少包饺子,每人只有一碗。正在吃饺子的时候,有个乞丐来我家门口,我拿半碗干红薯给他,他却怨声载道:'我是个老人家,你们吃饺子还给我干红薯,你们的心怎么这么狭隘?'

我当时很失望,说我们一年到了也吃不了几次饺子,每人只有半碗还没有盛满,给你干红薯已经很大方了,要就拿去,不要就算了。结果我母亲训斥了我,她把自己的半碗饺子全部倒进了那乞丐的碗里。

我最后悔的一件事,就是陪我母亲去卖青菜,我无心之中给一个买青菜的老人多收了十分钱。当时我数完钱就上学去了,放学回家后看到我母亲哭了,她很少哭的。

我母亲没有责骂我,只是温和地对我说:'儿啊,你丢尽了我的脸。'

他说当时有一个叙事者来集市,我便溜了过去听故事,把她交待的活忘了个干净。为此我母亲责骂了我。但晚上她在一盏小油灯下给家人做棉衣时,我便把白天听来的故事原原本本地讲给她听。

起初她很不耐烦,因为在她眼里,叙事者只是一些油嘴滑舌、游手好闲的人,他们嘴里可没说出什么好东西来。但我讲的故事渐渐吸引了她的注意。

从那以后,有空的日子里,她也不再交代我做活了,默许我去集市听故事。为了报答母亲的恩情,也为了炫耀自己的记性,我就把白天听来的故事活灵活现地给她讲。

后来我对于重复叙事者讲过的故事已经不满足了,还要在讲述时对故事情节加以润色,甚至改编结尾。听了我编撰的故事后,母亲有时会忧心忡忡,仿佛对我,或者对自己说:'儿啊,你长大后会是一个什么样的人啊?会靠嘴皮子过活吗?'

因为在这个村子里,一个嘴子利落、油嘴滑舌的孩子,不但讨人嫌,有时还会给自己和家人带来麻烦。

其实,正是当年摩拳的农村生活,让我对革命先烈们所做出的牺牲感到敬佩。

正像我在接受诺贝尔文学奖的演说中说的那样,一个小说家是社会中的一个人,自然有自己的立场和见解,但是一个小说家在写作时,必须站在人的立场上,把所有的人都写成人。只有这样,文学才能开诚布公并超越现实,关注政治但又高于政治。

Transcripts

My speech is titled "The Storyteller."

Distinguished members of the Swedish Academy, ladies and gentlemen,

through television or the internet,

I believe everyone here

has some understanding of the distant northeast village of Gaomi

to varying degrees.

You might have seen my 90-year-old father,

my brothers and sisters, my wife and daughter,

and my granddaughter, who is one year and four months old.

The person you see now,

is named Mo Yan,

the first Nobel laureate recognized by the Chinese officials.

Actually, before Mo Yan, there was another Chinese writer who had won the Nobel Prize,

his name is Gao Xingjian.

But Gao Xingjian, because he left the party on his own

and then those articles he wrote seemed not very friendly towards China,

so the Chinese government never acknowledges him.

But the Nobel Prize was awarded to Gao Xingjian anyway, despite the non-recognition.

So, our basic stance in the past was not to mention

not to mention the fact that Gao Xingjian had won the Nobel Prize,

nor to acknowledge him as a Chinese writer who had won the prize.

This matter is quite interesting.

In fact, apart from this literary award,

there are two other Chinese Nobel laureates,

the earlier one being the Dalai Lama,

as everyone knows, he also won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Later, Liu Xiaobo also won the Nobel Peace Prize while in a Chinese prison.

These two awards were even more embarrassing for the Chinese government,

right? At that time, not only was the Chinese government unhappy,

but they also held press conferences to denounce the Nobel Prize.

Foreign Ministry spokesperson Ma Zhaoxu stated today

that the Nobel Committee's awarding of this year's Nobel Peace Prize

to Liu Xiaobo completely contradicts the purpose of the award

and is a desecration of the Peace Prize.

The Nobel Committee awarding the Peace Prize to a criminal serving a sentence

is a disrespect to the Chinese judicial system.

If someone wants to use this method

to try to change China's political system,

then they are clearly miscalculating.

So, can you see?

Before Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize,

although 3 Chinese had won Nobel Prizes,

these three awards were very embarrassing for the Chinese government,

feeling not a bit of honor.

But with Mo Yan,

the Chinese government was truly very happy,

so they said it was an honor for the Chinese people,

not just Mo Yan alone.

So, Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily all sent him congratulatory messages.

So you can know,

Mo Yan is a very important figure in the eyes of the Chinese government.

The photo you see now

is a photo taken of Mo Yan attending the Two Sessions in 2016,

next to him is director Chen Kaige, and beside Chen Kaige are all reporters.

At that time, reporters were asking Chen Kaige questions, and he was eagerly cooperating,

but Mo Yan next to him was frowning and silent.

After this photo was taken and posted online,

there were many interpretations.

Many people think that Chen Kaige is vulgar,

as a member of the CPPCC, seeing these reporters,

he showed a flattering expression,

but Mo Yan, true to his name, remained silent,

showing his contempt for Chen Kaige.

Of course, a momentary expression can't fully reveal a person's true inner feelings,

but you know,

Mo Yan's behavior during the Two Sessions in China

seems to show that the Chinese government also gives him special treatment,

since after all, he is the first Nobel laureate recognized by China.

But recently, Mo Yan seems to have encountered some troubles, neither big nor small.

No matter what, someone has to do it,

because we can't let these writers,

unconscionable writers and intellectuals, harm our revolutionary martyrs.

If we let them do as they please,

how can we be worthy of them (the martyrs)?

There's a netizen called Mao Xinghuo, this person is rather unknown,

let's talk about him in detail later.

He recently went to court to sue Mo Yan,

for what reason?

The reason is that Mo Yan, in his literary works, seems to have insulted the martyrs,

and also, his usual comments are suspected of insulting the martyrs.

He wants to represent 1.5 billion Chinese people in suing Mo Yan,

demanding Mo Yan pay 1.5 billion RMB in compensation,

paying one yuan to each of the 1.5 billion Chinese people.

You think about it, this headline is big, immediately attracting a lot of attention online.

So, for the purpose of suing Mo Yan, he listed a total of 28 charges online,

within these 28 charges, it talks about Mo Yan's literary works,

for example, in his "Red Sorghum Clan", it talks about beautifying the aggressors,

saying that these Japanese invaders seem handsome and refined.

How could the aggressors be handsome and refined?

Right, and about the Eighth Route Army,

saying that the Eighth Route Army hid underground and randomly shot into the sky,

not fighting against the Japanese.

He says, see, isn't this insulting the revolutionary martyrs?

The revolutionary martyrs, what are they? They definitely fought bloody battles against the Japanese invaders.

How could they possibly hide in the sorghum field without firing a single shot?

More importantly, he found a video clip,

that is, 20 years ago, once with a group of writers to Jinggangshan,

to re-evaluate how the revolutionary martyrs fought back then.

I remember one morning we went to visit a place where Chairman Mao once lived,

entered that room, there was a bed placed in that house,

then, after looking around and coming out, one of the writers

immediately said to me a sentence, fiercely said a sentence,

no expression on his face but the tone was fierce,

he said, "I wish I could urinate on the bed."

Of course, this famous writer once in his novel,

made sorghum wine with that urine.

So you think, Wang Bin was Zhang Yimou's royal editor back then,

who is this writer next to him, plus later it mentioned Red Sorghum,

so everyone thinks, this must be Mo Yan.

So, Mao Xinghuo included this statement as well,

saying, look, slandering Mao Zedong, slandering the great leader,

wanting to urinate on the great leader's bed, think about it, this is unforgivable.

Although old Mao was not a martyr and did not die on the battlefield or was killed by a gunshot,

although he died of Parkinson's disease due to overindulgence in his later years,

but in China's ideological context,

old Mao belongs to the great leader, the great leader is higher than ordinary revolutionary martyrs,

for example, Dong Cunrui, Huang Jiguang might not be considered martyrs in a few days,

but old Mao is the leader,

as long as the Communist Party exists, he must receive special protection.

To think of urinating on old Mao's bed, that is intolerable,

so Mao Xinghuo wants to sue him.

This lawsuit seems to have quite a bit of support online,

so lately, a not-so-small wave has formed on the domestic internet.

It must be said, foreigners are quite clever.

When they see they can neither beat nor out-argue you,

they'll pick out a spineless grandson from this big family,

then give him a candy to teach this grandson to curse at his grandfather.

But it's difficult for the grandfather, after all, he is his own flesh and blood.

If he doesn't act, he fears the grandson will get addicted to sweets.

What's more terrifying is if other grandchildren see that cursing the grandfather gets them candy,

and they all follow suit, then this family is doomed.

If Mo Yan really broke the law, should he not be sued?

Does he have some sort of immunity medal?

Even princes are subject to the same laws as commoners.

Suing Mo Yan may not yield the results we hope for,

but we still need to do it, why?

Because this country is ours,

because a beautiful society is created by our people.

History must not be distorted, revolutionary martyrs must not be slandered.

After this matter came out, Hu Xijin felt it was unbearable,

saying that people like Mao Xinghuo are just exploiting populism for hype,

regardless of whether the lawsuit is successful or not, he profits.

He said exploiting this kind of populism for hype cannot be encouraged.

Of course, everyone knows that recently the so-called public intellectuals online have almost been eradicated,

so Hu Xijin has become the spokesperson for public intellectuals.

So, many people are now gnashing their teeth at Hu Xijin,

preparing to take him down too.

Mao Xinghuo immediately announced that he would sue Hu Xijin.

Then, the group supporting Mao Xinghuo,

I saw there are two kinds,

one group, one called Yang Heping,

Mo Yan is a person with a deep hatred for the Communist Party,

this was a necessary condition for his Nobel Prize.

I glanced through his book "Big Breasts and Wide Hips",

I found how he wrote in this book,

during the anti-Japanese war, the Communist Party's guerrillas were worse than the Japanese invaders.

What's Yang Heping's background?

His parents were Americans who came to China after reading Edgar Snow's "Red Star Over China",

he was born in China,

after the founding of PRC, was assigned to work in a timber mill in Beijing,

later in the '60s and '70s, he went back to the US,

and after completing his studies, he couldn't adapt to American society,

because he was already brainwashed by Mao's ideology,

so he returned to China and became a teacher at the University of International Business and Economics.

His thoughts are extremely leftist,

he believes Mao's Cultural Revolution was completely correct,

and Deng Xiaoping's reforms and opening up were all misguided,

not continuing with the proletarian dictatorship.

So he supports Mao Xinghuo,

he believes Mo Yan is hostile to the great construction of New China.

There are others I saw who support Mao Xinghuo's lobbying,

We criticize his works and some of his attitudes,

but not only Hu Xijin,

now everyone on the internet speaking for Mo Yan,

their discussions are basically like Hu's,

they don't discuss the details in Mo Yan's works,

they start with labeling and wielding a big stick.

Who is really anxious here, why don't you mention Mo Yan's works?

To tell the truth, after reading, I also feel this way,

they dare not engage with Mao Xinghuo on the details,

what exactly is Mo Yan implying with his words?

So today, this episode really wants to answer,

about the group of people supporting Mao Xinghuo.

Asking about Mo Yan's comments, whether he is indeed insulting the martyrs,

what's the underlying meaning.

Here, I can first tell you the conclusion,

Mo Yan's words are indeed an insult to the revolutionary martyrs, an insult to old Mao.

Before answering this, first, let's talk about Mo Yan's background.

Mo Yan was born in the Northeast Township of Gaomi County, Shandong, China,

in a very impoverished rural area.

As a child, he experienced the People's Commune movement,

from a very young age, he had to earn work points in the commune,

the labor was extremely hard, and he also went hungry.

I myself, until I was 18 years old in the countryside,

in summer, it was just a pair of shorts,

before 15, I'm very sorry to say, I never wore clothes.

A 15-year-old village boy,

nowadays, 15-year-old boys can already become fathers,

but back then, due to hunger and isolation,

15-year-old boys were basically in a half-dazed state.

So in summer, boys under 15 were all naked,

it's not that we had a penchant for exposing our bodies,

but because we had no clothes to wear.

So at that time, my biggest dream

was to do everything possible to escape the countryside.

I thought even if I were a sword forged from diamond,

in the rural environment, it would still rust.

When he was young, he had a very kind mother,

he mentioned the influence of his mother

on his life during his Nobel Prize acceptance speech,

The most memorable event for me was a Mid-Autumn Festival at noon

Our family rarely made dumplings, with only one bowl per person

Just as we were eating dumplings, a begging old man came to our doorstep

I offered him half a bowl of dried sweet potatoes, but he complained bitterly

"I am an old man, you eat dumplings but give me dried sweet potatoes"

"How can your hearts be like this?"

Frustrated, I said we don't get to eat dumplings often throughout the year

Each of us gets a small bowl, not even enough to be half full

Giving you dried sweet potatoes is already generous

Take it or leave it, if you want it, take it, if not, leave

My mother scolded me

Then she poured her half bowl of dumplings into the old man's bowl

The thing I regret the most

Is following my mother to sell cabbage

I unintentionally overcharged an old man buying cabbage by ten cents

After counting the money, I went to school, and when I returned home after school

I saw my mother, who rarely cries, in tears

My mother didn't scold me

She just gently said, "Son, you've embarrassed me"

When he talks about his childhood experiences, he mentioned

There was a period when a storyteller came to the market

I sneaked off to listen to the stories, forgetting the chores she had assigned to me

For this, my mother scolded me

At night, as she worked by a small oil lamp making cotton clothes for the family

I couldn't help but retell the stories I heard from the storyteller to her

At first, she was impatient

Because in her eyes, storytellers were slick and idle talkers

Nothing good comes out of their mouths

But the stories I retold gradually attracted her

Later on auspicious days, she no longer assigned me chores, tacitly allowing me to listen to stories at the market

To repay my mother's kindness, and to show off my memory

I would vividly narrate the stories I heard during the day to her

Soon, I was not satisfied with just retelling the storyteller's stories

I would embellish them in the retelling

I would invent some plots to cater to my mother's tastes

Sometimes even changing the endings of the stories

After hearing my stories

My mother would sometimes be worried, as if speaking to me or to herself

"Son, what kind of person will you grow up to be?"

"Are you going to live by being a smooth talker?"

I understood my mother's concerns

Because in this village, a smooth-talking child is annoying

Sometimes it can even bring trouble to oneself and one's family

In the blink of an eye, at 21 years old, Mo Yan said he joined the army

But in the 1970s of the last century

Joining the army became the only way out for rural youths like me

To change their own fate

Because joining the army first meant you could eat well, wear warm clothes

Then there was spare time, and in the spare time, you could study

Even perform well in the army and become a student of the Workers' and Peasants' College

If you performed even better, you could be promoted to an officer

Once promoted to an officer, it meant changing one's fate

And not having to return to the countryside

After he joined the army, he began to like writing novels, writing stories

At first, the literary achievements of his stories were not very high

His first published work was called something like "Spring Night, Rain Drizzling"

I can't remember the name, it was published in 1981

Later, he was admitted to the PLA Academy of Art

Where he received training in literary creation

In 1985, he published an article called "The Transparent Carrot"

Which caused a sensation in the literary world

In 1986, he wrote another work

called Red Sorghum Clan

This was a novel, consisting of five chapters

based on the background of his grandparents

or written in a narrative tone about the events during the Anti-Japanese War

It tells the story of a peasant's spontaneous resistance against Japanese aggression in Gaomi County, Shandong

This novel was later noticed by film director Zhang Yimou, who

adapted it into the film Red Sorghum

Red Sorghum later won a major award at the Berlin Film Festival

This was the first major award won by a Chinese film at an international film festival

Because of the fame of this film

both the movie and the novel achieved mutual success, making Mo Yan famous overnight

From then on, after transitioning out of the army, he became a professional writer

and joined the Chinese Writers Association

Later, he wrote many works

such as Big Breasts and Wide Hips, Frog, etc.

including Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out

Then, in 2012, Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize

It can be said that the Nobel Prize was well-deserved for him

Indeed, it was quite remarkable

Some records indicate

Mo Yan was inspired by the legendary writer Gabriel García Márquez's works

Mo Yan said

he was inspired by Márquez

This inspiration is reflected in his works created in 1992

The next question is

what exactly is Mo Yan's attitude towards Mao

or rather, behind his works

what is his attitude towards the martyrs

Here, I want to talk about three things

Then you will understand what Mo Yan really thinks

or rather, what his works ultimately aim to express

The first thing is, at the moment Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize

a reporter asked him about Liu Xiaobo

I'm not very familiar with his later activities

But now, I hope he can gain his freedom as soon as possible

To be able to healthily obtain his freedom soon

Then, I think he can fully study his politics

It should be said that Mo Yan's answer at that time

caused quite a bit of dissatisfaction from the Chinese government

Because the Chinese government had already arrested Liu Xiaobo

Everyone knows Liu Xiaobo is a political prisoner

But Mo Yan, as a Nobel laureate

calling for the Chinese government to release Liu Xiaobo during a media interview

Think about it, this action was quite rebellious

So, it's said that not long after, Mo Yan was reprimanded by the Chinese government

Following that, when he attended the Nobel Prize award ceremony

someone asked him about this issue on the spot

The first question

Liu Xiaobo won the Peace Prize, I won the Literature Prize

The effect this has triggered within China is naturally different.

I never do something when others coerce me into it.

When it's time for me to speak, I will naturally speak.

when I want to speak, I will speak.

When others force me to take a stand, I won't.

But from this detail, what can we see?

Mo Yan is a simple man with a sense of justice.

He knows Liu Xiaobo was jailed because of politics.

So he himself believes that being jailed for political reasons

does not align with modern principles.

He says Liu Xiaobo can continue his political research after coming out.

That is, he believes Liu Xiaobo's issue should be resolved within the academic realm

rather than through criminal law.

Liu Xiaobo shouldn't be punished as a prisoner of conscience

but should be allowed to express himself within the realm of free speech.

So I think Mo Yan is really quite remarkable.

Even though he was reluctant to clarify or express again at the Nobel Prize event,

I personally think

it's somewhat unfair for Western journalists to ask Mo Yan to repeat his views.

Because asking him to repeat might cause him more trouble when he returns to his country.

At that time, overseas Falun Gong media also said

it was disappointing that Mo Yan didn't repeat his statement.

So I say these people lack empathy.

Mo Yan initially expressed his support for Liu Xiaobo instinctively,

which I think is already very admirable, and you can't be too harsh on him.

That's the first point.

The second matter is about Mao Zedong's former residence.

Actually, the matter of Mao Zedong's former residence is obviously Mo Yan

Although Wang Bin denied it to protect Mo Yan for that reason

That is, when Mao Xinghuo asked, he denied it

He said, "I didn't tell you it was Mo Yan, don't talk nonsense."

But in reality, anyone with clear eyes knows it was Mo Yan.

Of course, from this, you can also see

the current political atmosphere and public opinion environment within the country, everyone is afraid,

including people like Mo Yan.

But why does Mo Yan dislike Mao so much?

Actually, this is not surprising.

You can see from Mo Yan's memoirs and his speeches,

he talks about the tragic life in the Chinese countryside,

after 1949 there was a very cruel and strict classification of social classes,

followed by very brutal class struggles.

So, this classification and class struggle

have a very big impact on people of my age.

That is, when a child comes from a bad family background,

then the future of this child is basically determined.

Because you might not understand

the huge difference between cities and villages on the mainland,

between agricultural and non-agricultural populations.

This difference, in my mind, is like heaven and hell.

If a person lives in a city,

if he eats commercial grain, if he has an urban household registration,

then he is guaranteed for life

not to suffer from hunger or lack of clothes due to natural disasters or man-made calamities.

But for children from peasant families,

everything actually depends on the crops in the fields.

If the crops fail, we go hungry.

The government's help is minimal.

Actually, it left a very deep impression on him.

Where did this tragic life come from?

Actually, it was Mao Zedong's doing.

So, he is very disgusted with all the policies Mao Zedong implemented,

including discrimination against rural areas by cities,

including those collective farms in rural societies,

and then the inhumane management methods.

He is very disgusted with them.

So when he went to Mao Zedong's former residence,

he said he wanted to pee on Mao Zedong's bed.

I think this is an expression of his true feelings.

The second point,

the third actually involves the portrayal in his literary works.

He has written many literary works,

for example, "Frog" is one of his award-winning works,

including "Big Breasts and Wide Hips," as well as "Red Sorghum."

Regarding his literary works,

how exactly he depicts the Eighth Route Army, the Japanese invaders,

I think everyone should read the original works.

But I believe his works themselves

are indeed not written following the old Communist Party's ideology.

Regarding the analysis of his works,

I think Professor Xu Zidong from Hong Kong has done a particularly good job.

The most typical part of China's modern history is why China needed the Communist Party,

why there was the revolution today.

In the 1950s, there were three most important works

that established the foundation of the official ideological system.

One is called "Red Sun," one "Red Crag," and one "Red Flag Melody."

He divided all the various elements and forces in Chinese rural society

into six basic primary colors.

What are these six primary colors?

The poor and the rich, in terms of economy,

in terms of culture, the gentry and the rural teachers, this is a set of opposing relationships,

politically, the Nationalist government and the Communist guerrillas.

So, how are these six forces combined?

Think about their relationship.

The poor, after being awakened by the rural teacher, eventually joined the Communist guerrillas.

The rich, under the banner of the rural ancestral hall, received help from the Nationalists,

solidifying their rights.

But this model was overturned during Mo Yan's era.

"Red Sorghum" overturns it within these six factors,

how does it overturn them?

He added a seventh, what is the seventh?

Bandits.

Everyone knows that the bandits eventually drove the Japanese away.

After that, Commander Leng appeared,

Commander Leng, what is he? He is a regular army of the Nationalists.

Yu Zhan'ao said, "Why have you only just arrived?"

The Nationalists were overturned.

Where is the Communist Party? Inside the Communist Party,

"Red Sorghum" has a Communist Party member named Deputy Ren,

if you read carefully (you will notice),

Deputy Ren embodied a very important responsibility,

which is to transform bandits into a modern army.

This model has always appeared in Communist literature,

but Deputy Ren in "Red Sorghum" also played this role.

Remember, Yu Zhan'ao's uncle raped a civilian girl,

now, who raped the civilian girl? It's the commander's uncle.

What to do, should he be shot?

In the end, Deputy Ren went to Commander Yu suggesting he should be executed,

and Yu Zhan'ao went to give his uncle the gun,

"You commit suicide," and his uncle killed himself.

This act turned the bandits into not bandits,

but Deputy Ren did not meet a good end.

He didn't, like other Communists,

ultimately transform the troop in such a way,

he killed himself while cleaning his gun.

This is very symbolic,

the Communist cleaning his gun and killing himself,

this actually is an overturning of

the entire Communist's historical determinism in literary creation.

Of course, this overturning is not just "Red Sorghum,"

nearly all literary creations of that era,

involving historicist themes, are the same.

For example, "White Deer Plain" by Chen Zhongshi is also like this,

there you also don't see those three contradictions.

In fact, it is another set of traditional Chinese narrative contradictions.

So, the emergence of these works

to a large extent overturned the Communist's narrative system,

what does this narrative system imply?

In plain terms, isn't this just insulting the martyrs?

In plain terms, isn't this just overturning the entire historical narrative logic of the Communist Party?

Would you say it's reactionary? It definitely is reactionary.

Of course, in that era, because thought was more liberated,

works by Mo Yan, Chen Zhongshi, and others

were actually considered very remarkable literary works and were widely disseminated.

You must know that the 1980s and 1990s

were the era with the most liberated thought after China's reform and opening up.

Because at that time, Deng Xiaoping and other Communist Party leaders

also came to power by overturning the narrative

logic of Mao Zedong's era.

So, he reached some kind of compromise with civil society.

Therefore, the government administrators at that time did not think

there was anything wrong with this narrative logic itself.

On the contrary, it even received praise.

In my view, this is actually

the process behind Mo Yan's literary narrative

the real narrative tone in between.

Of course, when Mo Yan himself talks about his own literary creation,

he once said a phrase:

A novelist is a person in society; naturally, he has his own stance and views,

but a novelist must stand in the position of humans when writing,

writing all people as humans.

Only in this way can literature start from practice but transcend practice,

care about politics but be greater than politics.

However, I understand that for the Communist Party's narrative system,

if you want to transcend ideology and politics with humanity,

you are inherently offending the revolutionary martyrs.

Think about it, revolutionary martyrs are selfless and brave,

without any personal gain.

Then, if you reduce them to flesh-and-blood humans,

wouldn't that be an insult to the revolutionary martyrs?

So, actually, this so-called insult to the martyrs by Mo Yan

is not his personal mistake, but the mistake of the era.

That is, when he was creating in the 1980s,

that era gave him such freedom.

But when our era moved into the 2020s of the new century,

this freedom was gone.

So, the work that was his honor in those years

today, from a certain perspective, has become a crime.

So today, I want to say

we don't need to avoid this issue.

Mo Yan did insult the revolutionary martyrs; he insulted Mao Zedong.

If Mao Xinghuo sues him according to Chinese law, it really makes sense.

But this actually reflects the absurdity of such a reality.

Thus, it presents this absurdity to our legal and societal levels.

The first Chinese author to win the Nobel Prize

A writer who brought honor to China

He negated Mao Zedong

He negated the historical trend of that era

How do you face him now?

I think the most valuable question in the Mo Yan incident

Is the question I raised today

We really don't need to avoid this topic

Okay, that's all for today

We'll continue this topic tomorrow

We are doing something great

Saving Chinese culture, protecting the homeland and the people

Will surely be recorded in history

I was just, we were in the countryside until the age of 18

Just wearing shorts in the summer

I'm very sorry, but I didn't wear clothes before the age of 15

So at that time, my biggest dream

Was to escape the countryside by any means necessary

I thought that even if I were a sword forged from diamonds

It would still rust in the rural environment

A novelist is a person of society, naturally having his own stance and views

But a novelist must stand from a human perspective when writing

Treating all people as human beings in their writing

Only in this way can literature start from practice but transcend it

Caring about politics but surpassing politics