JEJAK BERDARAH KAUM PENJAJAH: Kisah Tragedi Pembantaian Rawagede 1947

Summary

The transcript recounts the tragic Rawagede massacre, a brutal event in Indonesia's history where Dutch colonial forces executed villagers in 1947. The story is told through the memories of survivors and the ongoing struggle for justice. Despite the passage of decades, the pain of the event lingers, with efforts for compensation and recognition continuing into the 21st century. The narrative highlights the importance of remembering this dark chapter, not only for the victims but also for future generations to understand their history.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Rawagede massacre was a brutal event where Dutch colonial forces executed numerous villagers in Rawagede, West Java, Indonesia, during the military aggression between 1945 and 1949.
• 👴 A survivor of the massacre, who was 22 years old at the time, recalled the horrific event, where many villagers were killed, and he was the only one who escaped capture.
• 🏴 The Dutch military attacked Rawagede in search of Captain Lukas Kustaryo, a guerilla leader known for his bravery against the Dutch, but they failed to capture him.
• ⚰️ Initially, the victims were buried by their families near their homes, but in 1951, 181 graves were moved to Taman Makam Pahlawan Sampurna Raga, a Heroes Cemetery.
• 🕊️ Despite Indonesia's proclamation of independence in August 1945, the Dutch attempted to reassert their colonial control over the country, leading to conflicts such as the Rawagede massacre.
• 🏛️ In 1948, the UN Security Council condemned the Dutch actions in Rawagede as deliberate and ruthless, but no significant actions followed the condemnation.
• ⚖️ In 2008, a legal effort was made against the Dutch government by survivors and the families of the victims, resulting in a 2011 ruling where the Dutch government was found guilty and ordered to pay compensation.
• 💵 Each of the 10 claimants received compensation of €20,000, and the Dutch government also invested in the local infrastructure by building facilities like a health center and school.
• 📅 The massacre is commemorated annually on December 9th by the residents of Rawagede to honor the victims and remember the tragedy.
• 🎓 The importance of incorporating local historical events, such as the Rawagede massacre, into educational curriculums is emphasized to help younger generations understand and remember these significant local histories.

Q & A

What is the significance of Rawagede in Indonesian history?

Rawagede is significant as the site of a massacre by Dutch colonial forces in 1947, during Indonesia's struggle for independence. It symbolizes the brutal repression faced by Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule.

Who was Kapten Lukas Kustaryo, and why was he targeted by the Dutch?

Kapten Lukas Kustaryo was a brave Indonesian guerrilla leader known for his daring attacks on Dutch forces. The Dutch targeted him because he was a key figure in the resistance against their attempt to re-establish control over Indonesia.

How did the Dutch forces react when they couldn’t find Kapten Lukas in Rawagede?

When the Dutch forces couldn't find Kapten Lukas in Rawagede, they responded with extreme violence, executing dozens of villagers who refused to reveal his whereabouts.

What efforts were made to hold the Dutch accountable for the Rawagede massacre?

Efforts to hold the Dutch accountable included reporting the massacre to the United Nations in 1947 and a later lawsuit in 2008, which eventually led to a Dutch court ruling in favor of the survivors and families in 2011.

What was the outcome of the 2011 court ruling regarding the Rawagede massacre?

The 2011 court ruling found the Dutch government guilty of the Rawagede massacre and ordered it to pay compensation of 20,000 Euros to each of the survivors and families of the victims.

How did the local community in Rawagede commemorate the victims of the massacre?

The local community in Rawagede commemorates the massacre annually on December 9th, the date of the tragedy. The victims were also reburied in the Taman Makam Pahlawan Sampurna Raga, a local Heroes' Cemetery.

What challenges were faced in distributing the compensation awarded to the victims' families?

The distribution of compensation faced challenges as many other descendants of victims who were not part of the initial lawsuit also demanded compensation. This led to some of the awarded compensation being divided among a larger group of claimants.

How has the history of Rawagede been integrated into education in Indonesia?

The history of Rawagede has not been widely integrated into local education, leading to a lack of awareness among students even in nearby areas. This highlights the need for incorporating local history into school curriculums.

What was the role of the UN’s Committee of Good Offices on the Indonesian Question in the aftermath of the massacre?

The UN’s Committee of Good Offices on the Indonesian Question condemned the Dutch actions in Rawagede as deliberate and ruthless. However, this condemnation did not lead to any immediate action against the Dutch government.

How has the perception of the Rawagede massacre evolved over time, particularly in Dutch society?

Over time, the perception of the Rawagede massacre in Dutch society has evolved, with increased recognition of the atrocity. This change is partly due to legal actions and advocacy by human rights organizations, leading to official apologies and compensation from the Dutch government.

Outlines

00:00

🌊 The Massacre at Rawagede: A Survivor's Recollections

This paragraph recounts the tragic events of the Rawagede massacre in Indonesia, where Dutch colonial forces executed villagers during a military operation in 1947. The survivor, now 91 years old, vividly remembers the brutality, which claimed the lives of many, including those from his village. Despite the passage of time, the memories of the Dutch aggression and the Indonesian resistance led by figures like Captain Lukas Kustaryo remain poignant. The survivor escaped capture, witnessing the execution of his fellow villagers, and recalls the terror and violence inflicted by the Dutch soldiers as they sought to crush the Indonesian fight for independence.

05:03

🏛️ Rawagede Memorials: Honoring the Fallen Patriots

This paragraph focuses on the aftermath of the massacre and how the fallen victims were eventually honored. Initially buried by their families, 181 bodies were later reinterred in the Taman Makam Pahlawan (Heroes' Cemetery) Sampurna Raga in 1951. The text emphasizes the importance of recognizing the victims not just as casualties, but as patriots who resisted colonial rule. A monument was erected in 1996 to commemorate the event, and the ongoing efforts to remember and honor the victims, including family members who still visit the graves, are highlighted.

10:04

⚖️ The Long Road to Justice for Rawagede

This paragraph details the legal battles to seek justice for the Rawagede massacre decades after the event. It describes how, despite the lack of immediate action from the United Nations after the massacre was condemned in 1948, efforts to hold the Dutch accountable continued. In 2008, a foundation led by Jeffry Pondaag, with the help of a Dutch lawyer, filed a lawsuit on behalf of the victims' families. The legal struggle culminated in 2011 when a Dutch court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, ordering the Dutch government to pay reparations and build local infrastructure as compensation.

15:04

📚 Preserving the History of Rawagede for Future Generations

This paragraph discusses the significance of educating younger generations about the Rawagede massacre. It highlights the varying levels of awareness among students about this historical event, particularly those living near the site of the massacre. The text underscores the importance of integrating local history into the educational curriculum, so that events like the Rawagede massacre are remembered and understood in the context of Indonesia's broader struggle for independence. The narrative concludes with a reflection on the importance of historical awareness in fostering a deeper connection to one's national identity and past.

Keywords

💡Rawagede Massacre

The Rawagede Massacre refers to the brutal killing of Indonesian villagers by Dutch colonial forces on December 9, 1947, in the village of Rawagede (now Balongsari). This event is central to the video as it highlights one of the atrocities committed by the Dutch during Indonesia’s struggle for independence. The massacre is a symbol of the violent resistance against colonial rule and is commemorated by the local population as a significant historical tragedy.

💡Colonialism

Colonialism in this context refers to the Dutch occupation and control over Indonesia, which continued even after Indonesia declared its independence in 1945. The video discusses how the Dutch sought to re-establish their colonial rule over Indonesia through military aggression, despite Indonesia’s proclaimed independence. This term is key to understanding the power dynamics and conflicts that led to events like the Rawagede Massacre.

💡Aksi Agresi Militer Belanda

Aksi Agresi Militer Belanda, or Dutch Military Aggression, refers to the military operations conducted by the Netherlands to regain control over Indonesia after World War II. The first of these, mentioned in the video, included violent acts such as the Rawagede Massacre. This term encapsulates the broader context of the military confrontations between Indonesian independence fighters and Dutch forces.

💡Indonesian Independence

Indonesian Independence, declared on August 17, 1945, marks the end of Japanese occupation and the beginning of Indonesia's struggle to resist Dutch attempts to reassert colonial control. The video references this ongoing struggle, illustrating how the Rawagede Massacre occurred in the context of Indonesia defending its newly declared independence against Dutch forces.

💡Captain Lukas Kustaryo

Captain Lukas Kustaryo was an Indonesian guerilla leader known for his bravery in resisting Dutch forces during the post-independence period. The video describes him as a central figure in the resistance in West Java, where the village of Rawagede was a key base for his operations. His activities made him a target for the Dutch, leading to the massacre when the Dutch forces could not capture him.

💡Dutch Reparation

Dutch Reparation refers to the compensation paid by the Dutch government to the victims of the Rawagede Massacre many decades after the event. The video details how survivors and families of the victims fought a long legal battle to gain recognition and reparations from the Netherlands, which eventually led to monetary compensation and the construction of community infrastructure in Rawagede.

💡War Crimes

War Crimes in the context of the video refers to the deliberate and ruthless actions taken by Dutch forces during the Rawagede Massacre, which were later condemned by international bodies like the United Nations. The video highlights the systematic nature of these crimes, where civilians were executed without trial, making it a significant example of colonial-era war crimes.

💡Taman Makam Pahlawan

Taman Makam Pahlawan, or Heroes' Cemetery, is the burial site where the remains of many victims of the Rawagede Massacre were reburied. The video explains that this site serves as a memorial for those who lost their lives during the massacre and symbolizes the broader struggle of Indonesian people against colonial oppression.

💡Liesbeth Zegveld

Liesbeth Zegveld is a Dutch human rights lawyer mentioned in the video as the advocate who represented the survivors and families of the Rawagede Massacre in their legal fight against the Dutch government. Her role is significant as she successfully argued the case for reparations, bringing international attention to the atrocities committed during the colonial period.

💡Indonesian Struggle for Independence

The Indonesian Struggle for Independence encompasses the efforts of Indonesian nationalists to gain full sovereignty from Dutch colonial rule following the end of World War II. The video discusses how this struggle, marked by guerrilla warfare and popular resistance, was met with severe repression by the Dutch, including events like the Rawagede Massacre. This broader struggle is crucial to understanding the significance of the massacre within Indonesia's history.

Highlights

Rawagede is known for a significant historical massacre carried out by Dutch colonial forces in Indonesia.

In December 1947, Dutch soldiers executed numerous villagers in Rawagede, sparing only a few, including a man named Thailand who witnessed the killings.

The massacre was a retaliation for the villagers' refusal to reveal the location of Captain Lukas, a local resistance leader.

The Dutch military aggression aimed to reclaim colonial control over Indonesia after its declaration of independence in 1945.

The Rawagede massacre is considered one of the most brutal acts committed by Dutch forces during Indonesia's fight for independence.

181 victims of the Rawagede massacre were reburied at the Taman Makam Pahlawan Sampurna Raga, a Heroes' Cemetery.

The Rawagede monument was established in 1996 to commemorate the victims and is managed by Sukarman, the head of the Rawagede Foundation.

In 2010, Saif bin Hakam, a survivor of the massacre, traveled to the Netherlands to testify about the events but was denied a meeting with Queen Beatrix.

In 2011, a Dutch court ruled in favor of the Rawagede victims, ordering the Dutch government to compensate the survivors and widows.

The Dutch government provided compensation of 20,000 Euros to each plaintiff and invested in the infrastructure of Rawagede, including health centers and schools.

Despite the court ruling, there were disputes over the distribution of compensation, leading to some funds being shared among additional heirs.

The Rawagede massacre is recognized by the United Nations, with the UN Security Council condemning the Dutch actions as deliberate and ruthless.

The massacre is remembered annually on December 9 by the residents of Rawagede, now renamed Balongsari.

Local education emphasizes the importance of including regional historical events like the Rawagede massacre in school curriculums.

Rawagede's historical significance is acknowledged as a symbol of Indonesian resistance and the broader struggle for independence from colonial rule.

Transcripts

hai hai

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Hai menjauhi semua kuburkan Ayo terpadu

bawaan ke KW1 20 Rang tadi baris guenya

acara ngedate tidak

[Musik]

hai hai

Hai Indonesia warga menyebutnya kali

rawagede inilah sungai yang

menyelamatkan nyawa Thailand salah satu

warga desa rawagede Kabupaten Karawang

Jawa Barat meski umurnya 91 tahun

Thailand masih ingat peristiwa yang

terjadi hampir 70 tahun yang lalu itu

orang mengenalnya sebagai peristiwa

pembantaian rawagede salah satu

pembantaian keji yang dilakukan kolonial

Belanda di Indonesia saat kejadian dalam

masih berumur 22 tahun Ia tak sendiri

saat menjemurkan

digali rawagede namun hanya dirinya yang

lolos dari penangkapan dari balik

persembunyiannya dalam melihat puluhan

warga desanya di eksekusi program lima

subuh ada letusan Wetan makalah tersebut

ternyata punya masing-masing nyumput nya

gorengan tiga dikali y cuman ada anjing

lacak kah tadi diangkat tante kali detil

matte Fargo gedangku Belanda ditodong

Ingatkan itu enggak

di cafe2 lungan gabung Putri kali masuk

ke aku ninggalin dia alhamdulillah

kepanggih pembantaian rawagede terjadi

pada periode aksi agresi militer Belanda

yang pertama kali mengakui kemerdekaan

Indonesia yang telah diproklamirkan

Agustus 1945 Belanda malah berusaha

mengembalikan kekuasaan Kolonial nya apa

yang terjadi antara 45 sampai 49 itu

adalah perang yang dipaksakan oleh

Belanda kepada bangsa Indonesia yang

sudah merdeka karena pikiran mereka

adalah masih

Hai kolonialistis jadi dia masih mau

mengembalikan kekuasaannya kepada bekas

jajahannya bangsa yang dijajah dan

negeri yang dijajah padahal bangsa dan

negeri yang dijajah ini sudah menyatakan

kemerdekaannya pasca-proklamasi para

pejuang Republik Makin bersemangat

melakukan perlawanan terhadap Belanda di

wilayah Jawa Barat ada Kapten Lukas

kustaryo yang dikenal sangat berani

melakukan penyergapan terhadap pos dan

patroli tentara Belanda karena

keberaniannya Kapten Lukas dijuluki

Begundal Karawang tentara Belanda

berusaha menangkapnya hidup atau mati

9desember 1947 pasukan Belanda pimpinan

Mayor Alfons jayne handle with non

menyerbu Desa rawagede karena Desa ini

menjadi salah satu basis gerilya kapten

sutardjo dalam penyerbuan itu Belanda

tak berhasil menemukan buruannya mereka

memaksa warga memberitahukan

persembunyian Kapten Lukas karena warga

Tutup mulut Belanda membalasnya dengan

tembakan awalnya korban peristiwa

rawagede dimakamkan oleh keluarga mereka

masing-masing tahun 1951 pemerintah

memindahkannya ke Taman Makam Pahlawan

Sampurna raga ada 181 makam yang

berhasil dipindahkan sebenarnya rakyat

itu terlibat sebagai pejuang jadi orang

yang dibunuh di rawagede itu Jangan

dianggap sebagai

suatu hal yang biasa gelar mati konyol

enggak itu menunjukkan bahwa rakyat di

sekitar situ Itu Patriot sebenarnya di

tempat yang sama terdapat Monumen

rawagede diresmikan pada 12 Juli 1996

Monumen ini dikelola oleh Sukarman yang

sekaligus menjadi ketua Yayasan rawagede

Bu tauhid anu ditembak di diusap w470

jurang nya tahun overtoun salapan

Desember teh naon Ti umur 15 tahun

kaluhur dibantai dibiakkan di desa pwe

bayang kentu indungna tiba metasala

himawat anaknya maut bayangkan saimahito

tilu say mahajoeno 2004 saima nunga gali

kuburan ibu-ibunya wungkul

Hai nah ini dulu makam setiap rumah ada

yang tiga ada yang 2 yang menggali tanah

seorang ibunya aja Seorang Istri anaknya

dua bapaknya atau suami meninggal dengan

pakai bedong pakai golok gitu galinya

Paling setengah meter ditutupin pakai

jendela dikubur dibungkus kain kafannya

oleh sprei atau oleh kelambu oleh kain

dan gadis bayangkan waktu itu di rumah

masing-masing nah ini pemindahan ke sini

adalah tiga tahun kemudian tanggal 10

November tahun 51 dibuatkan lah lokasi

Taman Pahlawan ini rumah jalan berjarak

kurang lebih 500 meter dari lokasi Taman

Makam Pahlawan Sampurna raga namun

karena kondisi Thailand yang rendah

sesekali saja ia mengunjungi Taman Makam

Pahlawan Ini Kakaknya Sewan yang menjadi

salah satu

pembantaian rawagede juga dimakamkan di

sini anda bisa ngelakuin al-fatihah

retina dulu dia mau beli itu jual berat

tak Bojong Gede kapur ada Belanda jangan

kemana-mana dia begini saya kumpulkan

Hai jadi di pantai-pantai di noken as

Hai kredit yang cerah kayak 20 orang mah

single pakai gitu ane doain aja

[Musik]

Hai upaya menggugat Belanda atas

kekejian pembantaian rawagede bukannya

tak pernah dilakukan sebulan setelah

peristiwa rawagede Indonesia melaporkan

kejadian tersebut kepada komite of good

offices on the Indonesian question

komite yang dibentuk oleh Dewan Keamanan

PBB sebagai penengah konflik antara

Belanda dan Indonesia

[Musik]

Hai senyum padahal komite ini baru saja

dibentuk 25agustus 1947 sebagai bagian

dari perjanjian gencatan senjata antara

Belanda dan Indonesia artinya hanya

berselang tiga bulan setelah komite ini

dibentuk Belanda melakukan pembantaian

rawagede 12 Jan 1948 Dewan Keamanan PBB

mengeluarkan pernyataan yang menyebutkan

aksi tentara Belanda di rawagede sebagai

tindakan deliberate and ruthless atau

dilakukan dengan sengaja dan keji namun

tak ada tindaklanjut dari pernyataan itu

[Musik]

60 tahun kemudian peristiwa rawagede

kembali mencuat APR 2008 duet Angkor Wat

tanda atau kaukab sebuah yayasan yang

dipimpin oleh Jeffrey Marcel kodak

menuntut pemerintah Belanda kau KB

didampingi liesbeth zegveld seorang

pengacara asal Belanda yang banyak

memenangkan kasus kasus korban kejahatan

perang berdasarkan perhitungan saat itu

yang bisa mengajukan tuntutan hanyalah

janda korban dan korban selamat maka

majulah sembilan orang janda korban dan

satu korban selamat untuk mengajukan

tuntutan mereka menuntut diakui sebagai

korban yang menanggung kerugian akibat

perang dan memerlukan pemulihan secara

hukum metode sini smartphone ke ham-ham

Ametung rating by Jeffry saat ini

tinggal di heemskerck sekitar 30 menit

perjalanan dari Amsterdam Belanda Nuh

office nya eksklusif wawancara dengannya

dilakukan via internet your

Hai dan kita akan dua ini 18 orang

akhirnya yang apa namanya waktu kita

mulai akan meninggal tinggal tinggal

apanya 90 itu dengan mengalun apa

namanya paksa yg jadi seorang yang

meninggal mau diapain Awas Nov 2010 Saif

bin Hakam salah satu korban Selamat

datang ke Den Haag Belanda untuk

memberikan kesaksiannya saat peristiwa

rawagede Sais sebenarnya turut

dieksekusi bersama beberapa orang

lainnya namun ia berpura-pura mati

setelah tembakan Belanda mengenai

tangannya

Hai saat di Belanda say yang didampingi

Sukarman mengajukan permintaan bertemu

Ratu Beatrix namun permintaannya ditolak

ditolak pihak kerajaan Belanda tak

berarti tolak pula oleh warga negara

Belanda Shahih diterima dan diberi

kesempatan menceritakan kisahnya di satu

sekolah di kota Groningen Belanda saya

orang Karawang biar cerita sampai-sampai

apa namanya tidak menyangka bahwa beliau

itu tidak ada dendam sama sekali

terhadap Belanda Saita sempat menikmati

hasil perjuangannya ia tutup usia

setahun sebelum putusan sidang dibacakan

gosip 14 Sep 2011 gugatan 10 orang warga

rawagede dikabulkan Hakim memutuskan

pemerintah Belanda bersalah dan

mewajibkan pemberian ganti rugi kepada

para penggugat

Oke siap penggugat memperoleh ganti rugi

sebanyak 20.000 Yuro atau sekitar 243

juta Rupiah selain uang ganti rugi

pemerintah Belanda juga membangun sarana

prasarana Desa seperti Puskesmas pasar

koperasi bidan gedung sekolah mereka

mendapat ganti rugi itu saya minta

kepada mereka untuk membuka nomor

rekening

Hai borsodi Translate

Hai lubang mereka masing-masing urusan

ganti rugi sempat menuai masalah 171

ahli waris lain yang tak masuk dalam

daftar penggugat meminta bagian uang

kompensasi tadi yang gua milyar rupiah

itu tadinya untuk berkemas ukur kening

sembilan orang jadi ada penyisihan

sebagian 50% gitu kepada yang lainnya

terlihat termasuk ahli waris tersebut

siap menggugat akhirnya merelakan 50%

uang ganti rugi dipotong untuk kemudian

secara bersama-sama dibagikan kepada 171

ahli waris korban lainnya bawa kembalian

uang ganti rugi yang menimbulkan masalah

telah usai rawagede kembali menyimpan

kisah sejarahnya

ini memang ku meski di simbol sejarah

rawagede ini tiap hari ada saja orang

yang sehingga namun tak semuanya paham

sejarahnya Saya pernah baca ada

pembantaian di rawagede tapi di dalam

konteks buku tersebut tuh tidak membahas

secara keseluruhan nggak tahu ya saya

lulus waktu SD baca dibuku doang yaitu

kabarnya dibantai enggak ada benda boleh

ada cowok gitu ya jika mereka yang

ditemui di Taman Makam Pahlawan Sampurna

raga Tak semuanya mengetahui sejarah

rawagede begitu pula dengan siswa

sekolah yang ada di Bekasi Jawa Barat

ini meskipun sekolah ini jaraknya hanya

sekitar 25 km dari desa rawagede Oh jadi

kamu nggak tahu sedikit mengenang

pembantaian tidak boleh ah perannya sih

tapi apa yang pernah kamu dengar kalau

ada orang itu sedang ganteng

Oh Ya gitulah kalau enggak salah waktu

itu aku pernah baca itu tuh ada orang

Indonesia banyurip senjatanya Belanda

nah terus seorang Belandanya nyari orang

itu tapi dan dibantai malasmu orang Saya

prabaca roti-roti pernah Wa waktu saya

itu pernah baca puisinya Khairul Anwar

yang antara karena Bekasi habis bawahnya

ada katanya katanya terinspirasi oleh

rawagede Rame apa enggak tahu nih Mas

Agresi Militer Belanda 1 Kalau nggak

salah ya Terus nah kayak gitu Tapi aku

sendiri nggak nggak ngerti detailnya dan

aku nggak tahu kenapa Belandanya datang

ke ke Indonesia lagi gitu aku enggak

ngerti kenapa Dengan pemahaman para

murid yang beragam menjadi sangat

penting bagi guru untuk memasukkan

muatan sejarah lokal dalam pelajaran

sejarah di lokal lokalitas tertentu kan

kita nggak muncul gitu contoh di

rawagede ini akan memunculkan rawagede

Bekasi antara krawang-bekasi ikan

basis-basis pejuang gitu

pejuang di mana ini yang harus kita ke

tangan kanak-kanak lokalitas kita daerah

kita dulu basis pejuang gitu Kamu tidak

akan pernah mengenal Indonesia tanpa

mengenal sejarah kamu tidak bisa

menempatkan rawagede dimana Kalau kamu

tidak tahu sejarah tragedi itu terjadi

tidak dengan tiba-tiba dan tidak tanpa

sebab

Hai dan itu hanya bisa diketahui dengan

sejarah

hai bagi warga rawagede peristiwa

tragedi rawagede tak lepas dari sejarah

Desa mereka bahkan setiap tanggal 9 Des

warga memperingatinya sebagai hari

tragedi pembantaian rawagede di

hai hai

Hi Ho