From New Amsterdam to New York Illustrated - @MrBettsClass
Summary
TLDRThis script narrates the transformation of New Amsterdam into New York, detailing its Dutch colonial history. It discusses the indigenous Lenape people, the arrival of Dutch settlers, and the myth of purchasing Manhattan for $24 worth of goods. It also covers the colony's development, its diverse and tolerant society, conflicts with native tribes, and the eventual peaceful surrender to the English in 1664, leading to its renaming as New York.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The English colonies were beginning to unite by 1664, with all New England colonies founded and most of the southern colonies established, except for Georgia.
- 🗺️ New Netherland, a Dutch colony with its capital New Amsterdam, was a gap in the English colonies' coastal presence, located in what is now New York City.
- 🏞️ Manhattan, originally called Mannahatta by the Lenape people, was an island with a rich natural environment where the Lenape lived and thrived.
- 🛶 In 1609, Henry Hudson explored the area, recognizing the potential for trade in beaver pelts and claimed the region for the Dutch.
- 🏘️ The Dutch West India Company sent the first settlers to the area in 1624, establishing a presence before the English could fully claim the land.
- 💰 The story of Peter Minuit purchasing Manhattan for $24 worth of goods is a myth; the actual transaction was 60 Dutch guilders, equivalent to about a thousand dollars today.
- 🤝 The Dutch colony became somewhat religiously and politically tolerant, which was progressive for the time, attracting a diverse population.
- 🏗️ New Amsterdam developed infrastructure, including mills, and offered land grants to those who could bring over colonists, contributing to its growth.
- 🔍 Relations with the Lenape were complex, with periods of conflict and negotiation, including the building of protective walls that later became Wall Street.
- 🦿 Peter Stuyvesant, known for his peg leg, attempted to bring order to the colony but faced resistance from the diverse population.
- 🏴 Without a fight, New Amsterdam and New Netherland were surrendered to the English in 1664 and renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York.
Q & A
What was the significance of the Dutch colony New Netherland in the context of English colonies in America?
-New Netherland, with its capital New Amsterdam, was significant because it filled the gap between the English colonies, preventing them from forming a continuous coastal presence in America.
What was the original name of the island that is now known as Manhattan?
-The original name of the island was Mannahatta, which meant 'Haley Island' for the Lenape people, the indigenous inhabitants of the area.
What was the Dutch leader Peter Minuit's role in the establishment of New Amsterdam?
-Peter Minuit, as the Dutch leader, negotiated the purchase of Manhattan from the Lenape people, which led to the establishment of the settlement of New Amsterdam.
What was the misconception about the purchase of Manhattan involving 'beads'?
-The misconception is that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of beads. In reality, the transaction was for the equivalent of sixty Dutch guilders, which could have been goods other than beads.
How did the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam become more religiously and politically tolerant?
-New Amsterdam, initially a company settlement with religious and political intolerance, evolved to become more tolerant due to the diverse population it attracted and the progressive policies of its leaders.
What was the role of Jonas Bronck in the New Netherland colony?
-Jonas Bronck was a patron who controlled much of what came to be known as the Bronx, as he was granted large tracts of land in exchange for bringing colonists to the area.
How did the relationship between the Dutch settlers and the Lenape people affect the development of New Amsterdam?
-The strained relationship between the Dutch settlers and the Lenape people led to the construction of protective walls, which eventually became Wall Street, and also influenced the colony's policies and governance.
Who was William Kipp, and what was his impact on New Amsterdam?
-William Kipp was a colonial director of New Amsterdam known for his harsh treatment of the Lenape people, which led to strained relations and the need for protective measures such as walls.
What was the significance of Peter Stuyvesant's leadership in New Amsterdam?
-Peter Stuyvesant, known for his peg leg, brought order to the colony, made peace with local tribes, and attempted to regulate various aspects of life in New Amsterdam, including crackdowns on smugglers and efforts to enforce religious conformity.
How did the English take control of New Amsterdam in 1664?
-The English took control of New Amsterdam without a fight when four English frigates with 450 soldiers arrived in the harbor. The diverse population of New Amsterdam did not support Stuyvesant in resisting the English, leading to a peaceful surrender.
What was the ultimate fate of the Dutch colony New Netherland?
-New Netherland was surrendered to the English and later renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York, who was given the land by his brother, King Charles II.
Outlines
🏙️ The Founding of New Amsterdam and New Netherland
This paragraph discusses the establishment of New Amsterdam and the Dutch colony of New Netherland in what is now New York City. It begins with the historical context of English colonies in the 17th century and the gap in their coastal presence due to the Dutch colony. The narrative then shifts to the Lenape people's original inhabitation of the island, known as Mannahatta, and their way of life. The arrival of Henry Hudson in 1609, representing the Dutch, is highlighted, along with the founding of New Netherland in 1624. The paragraph also touches on the myth of the purchase of Manhattan for $24 worth of beads, explaining the misconceptions and the actual value of the transaction.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡New Amsterdam
💡New Netherland
💡Lenape
💡Henry Hudson
💡Dutch West India Company
💡Peter Minuit
💡Manhattan
💡William Kieft
💡Peter Stuyvesant
💡1664 English Conquest
💡Duke of York
Highlights
By 1664, English colonies were uniting, with all New England colonies founded and most southern colonies established, except for Georgia.
A Dutch colony, New Netherland, with its capital New Amsterdam, was a gap in the English coastal presence in present-day New York City.
Manhattan, originally called Mannahatta by the Lenape people, was an island rich in resources for the indigenous population.
The Lenape people lived on Mannahatta, constructing dome-shaped houses and relying on hunting and fishing.
Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage for the Dutch led to the claim of New Netherland, despite not finding the Northwest Passage.
1624 marked the arrival of the first Dutch settlers, establishing a foothold in what is now Governors Island.
The Dutch West India Company settlers intended to move to the next island over, leading to the founding of New Amsterdam.
The myth of Peter Minuit purchasing Manhattan for $24 worth of goods is debunked, with the actual value being around sixty Dutch guilders.
The nature of the agreement with the Lenape is unclear, with questions about land ownership and the identity of the tribe involved.
New Amsterdam's early years were marked by the establishment of mills and a growing tolerance for religious diversity.
Colonists were granted land and privileges for bringing settlers, leading to the exploitation of new arrivals.
Tensions with the Lenape and neighboring tribes escalated, particularly under the leadership of William Kipp.
Peter Stuyvesant's tenure as colonial director saw efforts to bring order and make peace with local tribes.
Stuyvesant's strict policies attempted to regulate taverns and crack down on smuggling, as well as religious freedom.
The arrival of English frigates in 1664 led to the peaceful surrender of New Amsterdam, due to lack of resistance from its diverse population.
New Netherland was renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York, after its transfer to English control.
The transcript humorously suggests that the Duke of York's Christmas gift was more valuable than the narrator's sibling gift of a Target gift card.
The video recommends the book 'The Island at the Center of the World' for further reading on the subject.
Transcripts
from New Amsterdam to New York by 1664
the English colonies were really
starting to come together all of the New
England colonies had been founded and
with the exception of slowpoke Georgia
the southern colonies were in full
effect but there was a gap that
prevented the English from attaining a
coastal tic-tac-toe and that gap was a
Dutch colony called New Netherland and
its capital New Amsterdam located in
current day New York City
but before any of this today's Manhattan
was an island called mannahatta
which for the Lenape its original
inhabitants meant Haley Island the
Lenape made dome-shaped houses using
bark from the thousands of trees on the
island they hunted deer and fished
oysters out of the East River
sidenote I wouldn't go in the East River
even if I were on fire but things would
start to change in 1609 Henry Hudson
representing the Dodge sailed up the
river that would bear his name looking
for the Northwest Passage eventually he
realized whoa this river certainly goes
north but there ain't nothin West about
it and returned to Holland but not
before noticing the potential gold mined
of beaver pelts and claiming dibs on
what would become the Dutch colony of
New Netherland cut to 1624 when the
first settlers from the Dutch West India
Company arrived on northen Island today
Governors Island it's a good thing they
finally got here too because just four
years earlier settlers from a rival
nation had intended to arrive in the
same area but ended up a few hundred
miles northeast you might heard of them
the pilgrims anyway the next year they
decided to move to the next island over
and the settlement of New Amsterdam was
founded but the Dutch wouldn't be alone
on the island which leads us to the myth
of the beads as the story goes dutch
leader Peter Minuit negotiated the
purchase of Manhattan for $24 worth of
beads first it wasn't beads well it
could have been but it could have been
anything we don't know but we do know is
that it was the equivalent of sixty
Dutch guilders and 60 guilders today is
more like a thousand dollars in 24 still
not great but better then there's the
idea that it was sold it's a
misconception that Native Americans
believed no man can own the
but it's not clear whether the Dutch
bought the land or just bought the right
to share the land to ban the Lenape I
didn't know that European settlers
weren't much for sharing lastly there's
the theory that it wasn't even the
Lenape that made the agreement but some
other tribe on its way to Long Island
thus the tradition of taking advantage
of immigrants fresh off the boat begins
anywho while the colony never really
thrived it did survive mills were built
to take advantage of creeks and rivers
and because well these are the Dutch New
Amsterdam while originally a company
settlement that was religiously and
politically intolerant became a little
religiously and politically tolerant
which was like super progressive for the
time throughout the New Netherland
colony protrude ships or large tracts of
land were given to those who could bring
50 colonists over and promptly exploit
them one patron Jonas Bronk controlled
much of what came to be known as the
Bronx currently owned by the Yankees
Who am I kidding Yanks owned all of New
York Yankees rule yes
relations with the Lenape and other
neighboring tribes were strained
especially when New Amsterdam was led by
a colonial director William Kipp just a
real jerk of a guy things got so bad
that settlers had to build a wall to
protect themselves from natives which
eventually became the street known as
Fifth Avenue no I'm kidding today it's
Wall Street context clues so horrible
William chefs was fired and replaced by
Peter Stuyvesant come on man look at
that guy dude has a peg leg and he
didn't lose it to some weird 17th
century disease he lost it to a
cannonball he's a cannonball Oh
diamond was also determined to bring
some order to the colony for the most
part he made peace with local tribes
helped by the fact that they were busy
fighting each other over furs
he's regulated saloons crackdown on
smugglers and pretty much tried to
outlaw Lutheran's Jews and Quakers who
would have known that a wooden cyborg
would be so cold so it should be no
surprise that when four english frigates
with 450 soldiers arrived in new
amsterdam harbor in august 1664 no one
wanted to fight for Stuyvesant by this
point only half of the residents of the
diverse settlement we're even
Dutch they pretty much said if you want
to fight the English throw your leg at
him I'm headed to the pub New Amsterdam
and in effect New Netherland was
surrendered without a shot and later
renamed New York after the duke of york
who was given the land by his brother
king charles ii must be nice
last christmas i think my brother got me
a target gift card
let me know in the comments what's the
best or worst present your sibling ever
got you if you want to learn more check
out the island at the centre of the
world by russell short o link below like
share sub support on patreon if able
like the awesome doctor max and Kelly
Thompson check out the recommended
videos be safe and I'll see you next
time
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