Ultimate Guide to Scene Transitions – Every Editing Transition Explained [The Shot List, Ep 9]

StudioBinder
29 Nov 202119:28

Summary

TLDREl video explora las transiciones de edición en el cine, mostrando cómo diferentes técnicas como el corte, el fundido, el disolvado, y otras, conectan escenas y afectan la narrativa visual. A través de ejemplos de películas icónicas, se destacan transiciones esenciales como el corte en J, el corte en L, y el corte abrupto, explicando su impacto en la narrativa y la emoción del espectador. El video también invita a los espectadores a reflexionar sobre sus transiciones favoritas y ofrece un recurso adicional para explorar más sobre el tema.

Takeaways

  • 🎬 Las películas se componen de secuencias, las secuencias de escenas y las escenas de tomas.
  • 🎥 El corte es la técnica de transición más básica y común en la edición, permitiendo un cambio instantáneo entre tomas o escenas.
  • 🌑 El fundido es una transición gradual a un color sólido, generalmente negro o blanco, y se usa para abrir o cerrar una película.
  • 🔄 El disolvencia conecta dos tomas de manera gradual, sugiriendo un paso de tiempo o una transición suave entre escenas.
  • 🔁 El corte en correspondencia (match cut) utiliza elementos visuales o de sonido para conectar dos escenas, destacando similitudes o diferencias.
  • 🎞️ La iris es una transición circular, usada para enfocar la atención en un elemento específico de la escena.
  • 🚪 La transición de barrido (wipe) reemplaza una toma con otra mediante un movimiento de desplazamiento, común en películas como Star Wars.
  • 🏃‍♂️ La transición de paso (passing transition) utiliza un objeto o personaje en movimiento para ocultar el corte entre escenas.
  • 🎞️ El paneo rápido (whip pan) es una rotación rápida de la cámara, que se usa tanto dentro de una escena como para transiciones rápidas.
  • 🔊 Los cortes en J y L juegan con la continuidad del audio, permitiendo que el sonido de una escena preceda o siga a la imagen de la siguiente.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué es un 'cut' en el contexto de la edición de películas?

    -Un 'cut' es una transición instantánea de una toma a otra, o de una escena a la siguiente, y es la forma más común de cambiar de escena en la edición de películas.

  • ¿Cómo se utiliza un 'fade' en la edición de cine y qué propósitos cumple?

    -Un 'fade' es una transición que disuelve una toma hacia o desde un color sólido, generalmente negro o blanco. Se utiliza para abrir una película, dar un sentido de cierre gradual al final, o para pausar el momento entre medio de la película, similar al final de un capítulo.

  • ¿Qué es un 'dissolve' y cómo sugiere el paso del tiempo en la narrativa?

    -Un 'dissolve' es una transición gradual que pasa directamente de una toma a otra. Se utiliza para sugerir un paso más prolongado del tiempo entre escenas o tomas dentro de la misma escena, más allá de lo que se esperaría de un simple corte.

  • ¿Qué es un 'match cut' y cómo conecta las escenas de manera instantánea?

    -Un 'match cut' es una transición, ya sea auditiva o visual, que utiliza elementos de la escena anterior para vincular elementos similares en la siguiente. Esta conexión instantánea puede hacer que el público subconscientemente establezca similitudes o diferencias entre las escenas.

  • ¿Qué es un 'iris' y cómo se usaba en el cine antiguo?

    -Un 'iris' es una transición que se realizaba manualmente en los días初期 de la cinematografía, abriendo o cerrando el diaphragma de la cámara. Se usaba comúnmente como un 'fade' para abrir o cerrar una película en el cine antiguo.

  • ¿Qué es una 'wipe transition' y cómo se utiliza en la franquicia de 'Star Wars'?

    -Una 'wipe transition' es cuando una toma se reemplaza por otra que entra en el marco desde una dirección específica, como arriba, abajo, izquierda, derecha o diagonalmente. En la franquicia de 'Star Wars', se utiliza para homenaje a las series de 'Flash Gordon' y las películas de Kurosawa que inspiraron a Lucas.

  • ¿Qué es el efecto de 'passing transition' y cómo se utiliza para mantener el impulso entre escenas?

    -El efecto de 'passing transition' o 'pass-by effect' es una técnica en la que un personaje o objeto en movimiento conduce a la siguiente escena, o el cámara se mueve pasando por el objeto. Se utiliza para mantener el impulso entre escenas sin interrumpir la narrativa.

  • ¿Qué es un 'whip pan' y cómo puede utilizarse como transición de escena?

    -Un 'whip pan' o 'swish pan' es una rotación rápida de la cámara horizontal que borra la imagen. Aunque comúnmente se usa en medio de una escena, también puede usarse como transición de escena para mantener el impulso de la escena anterior.

  • ¿Qué es un 'smash cut' y cómo impacta al espectador?

    -Un 'smash cut' es una transición de corte abrupto de una escena a otra, utilizando un alto contraste tanto visual como auditivo. Se utiliza para sorprender o impactar al espectador, como en una escena donde un personaje se despierta abruptamente de un sueño.

  • ¿Qué son las transiciones de audio 'J-cut' y 'L-cut' y cómo se usan en la edición de sonido?

    -Las transiciones de audio 'J-cut' (pre-lap) y 'L-cut' son técnicas en las que el audio de una escena precede o sigue a la imagen. El 'J-cut' permite que el público escuche el audio de la escena B mientras todavía ven la escena A, mientras que el 'L-cut' mantiene el audio de una escena pasada en la siguiente, comúnmente usado para narración.

  • ¿Cuáles son algunas otras opciones de transiciones que se mencionan en el guion y cómo se usan?

    -El guion menciona varias opciones de transiciones, como la 'push transition', 'zoom', 'luma key' y 'barrel roll'. Estas transiciones se utilizan para agregar estilo y dinamismo a la narrativa, dependiendo del efecto deseado por el editor.

Outlines

00:00

🎥 Introducción a las transiciones en la edición cinematográfica

Este párrafo introduce la idea de que las películas están compuestas de secuencias, escenas y tomas. Menciona que el episodio 9 de 'The Shot List' se centrará en las transiciones de escena, un elemento crucial que conecta las escenas y mueve la historia. Se anuncian 9 transiciones esenciales que serán exploradas, comenzando con la más fundamental: el corte, y luego avanzando hacia las más complejas.

05:02

📽️ Disoluciones y superposiciones en el cine

Este párrafo explora la transición de disolución, que es utilizada para sugerir un mayor paso del tiempo o para conectar escenas con un estilo más suave. También se introduce el concepto de superposición, donde dos tomas se mezclan para crear un momento híbrido, destacando el uso en películas como 'El Padrino II'. Además, se discute el corte de coincidencia (match cut), que conecta elementos similares de dos escenas, y cómo la disolución de coincidencia combina estos dos efectos para crear conexiones significativas.

10:03

🎞️ Iris y transiciones de barrido: técnicas visuales clásicas

En este párrafo se detallan las transiciones de iris y barrido. El iris, popular en los primeros días del cine, se usaba para abrir o cerrar escenas y aún es utilizado para enfatizar elementos específicos en la narrativa moderna. Por otro lado, el barrido, una transición donde una toma reemplaza a otra con un movimiento específico, es destacado por su uso icónico en la franquicia 'Star Wars' y otros contextos como 'Flash Gordon' y películas de Kurosawa.

15:14

🎬 Transiciones dinámicas: del paso de objetos al corte abrupto

Este párrafo analiza las transiciones por paso de objetos y los cortes abruptos. El paso de objetos se utiliza para hacer una transición fluida y estilizada entre escenas, como se ve en el trabajo de Edgar Wright. El corte abrupto, por otro lado, es una transición dramática que salta entre escenas con alto contraste visual o de audio, comúnmente utilizado para impactar o sorprender al espectador, con ejemplos de 'The Shining' y 'Shutter Island'.

🔊 Transiciones de audio: J-cuts y L-cuts

Este párrafo se enfoca en las transiciones de audio J-cuts y L-cuts, que manipulan el orden en que el sonido y la imagen se presentan al espectador. Los J-cuts permiten que el audio de la siguiente escena se escuche antes de que la imagen cambie, mientras que los L-cuts permiten que el audio de la escena previa continúe mientras la imagen cambia. Estas técnicas añaden profundidad y contexto a las transiciones, creando una narrativa más rica y compleja, como se ve en 'Rescatando al Soldado Ryan' y otras películas.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Secuencias

Una secuencia es una serie de escenas que juntas conforman una unidad narrativa dentro de una película. En el video, se menciona que las películas están formadas por secuencias, que a su vez están compuestas de escenas. Las secuencias ayudan a estructurar la historia en partes coherentes y facilitan el seguimiento del desarrollo argumental.

💡Escenas

Las escenas son los bloques básicos que componen las secuencias de una película. Cada escena está formada por una serie de tomas que juntas construyen una acción específica o un diálogo. En el video, se destaca cómo las escenas están conectadas entre sí a través de transiciones de escena, lo que permite avanzar en la narrativa.

💡Corte

El corte es la técnica de edición más fundamental, donde se realiza una transición instantánea de una toma a otra. Es la forma más común de cambiar de una escena a otra y se menciona en el video como la técnica básica que los editores utilizan para potenciar la narración de una escena.

💡Fundido

El fundido es una técnica de transición en la que una imagen se disuelve en un color sólido, generalmente negro o blanco. En el video, se menciona que el fundido desde el negro es común al comienzo de una película, mientras que el fundido al negro suele dar un cierre gradual a una escena o película.

💡Disolvencia

La disolvencia es una transición gradual que pasa de una toma a otra, en lugar de disolverse en un color sólido. Tradicionalmente se utiliza para sugerir el paso del tiempo o para conectar visualmente dos escenas. En el video se menciona cómo esta técnica puede ser utilizada para representar memorias o sueños.

💡Corte por coincidencia

El corte por coincidencia (match cut) es una transición que conecta dos tomas utilizando elementos visuales o de sonido similares. Esta técnica puede conectar escenas instantáneamente y permite al público hacer conexiones subconscientes entre las dos tomas. En el video se da el ejemplo de una coincidencia de formas y movimientos entre escenas.

💡Iris

El iris es una técnica de transición que usa un círculo que se abre o cierra para iniciar o terminar una escena. Era común en el cine clásico, pero hoy en día se utiliza principalmente con fines estilísticos. El video menciona cómo algunos cineastas modernos usan esta técnica para centrar la atención en un elemento específico de la escena.

💡Barrido

El barrido es una transición en la que una toma es reemplazada por otra a medida que se mueve a través de la pantalla, ya sea horizontal, vertical o diagonalmente. Es muy reconocida por su uso en la franquicia 'Star Wars', y en el video se menciona cómo este tipo de transición evoca una estética vintage.

💡Corte abrupto

El corte abrupto (smash cut) es una transición repentina de una escena a otra con un contraste fuerte, ya sea visual o auditivo. Esta técnica se utiliza para sorprender o impactar al espectador. En el video, se menciona cómo puede crear una transición dramática entre escenas tranquilas y caóticas, como en 'The Shining'.

💡Corte en J y L

Los cortes en J y L son técnicas de transición de audio. Un corte en J permite que el audio de la siguiente escena se escuche antes de que aparezca la imagen, mientras que un corte en L permite que el audio de una escena continúe sobre la imagen de la siguiente. En el video, se destaca cómo estas técnicas pueden crear significados complejos al combinar sonido e imagen de diferentes escenas.

Highlights

Films are structured by sequences, which are made up of scenes, and scenes are composed of shots.

Introduction of fundamental film elements like frame rate, camera lenses, and shot size.

The episode focuses on how scenes are connected using editing transitions.

Discussion of nine essential editing transitions, starting with the most fundamental and moving to the more complex.

The cut is identified as the most basic and common editing transition, used to instantly switch from one shot or scene to another.

The fade transition is highlighted as one of the original and still widely used transitions, typically dissolving to or from a solid color like black or white.

The fade to black transition is described as a technique to give a sense of closure or pause momentum, as seen in 'Pulp Fiction'.

The dissolve transition is introduced, which gradually transitions from one shot to another and is often used to indicate a passage of time.

Explanation of the match cut, which connects two shots instantly using visual or audio elements to create a bridge between them.

The iris transition, a more stylistic and old-fashioned technique, is discussed as a way to focus on specific elements in a scene.

The wipe transition, used notably in the 'Star Wars' franchise, is described as a directional replacement of one shot with another.

Introduction of the passing transition, where a moving character or object transitions to the next scene, often used to hide cuts and maintain momentum.

The whip pan, a quick camera rotation used mid-scene or as a transition, is highlighted for maintaining energy and momentum between scenes.

The smash cut is defined as a high-contrast, abrupt transition between two scenes, often used for shock or comedic effect.

J-cuts and L-cuts are described as audio transitions where the audio either precedes or carries over to the next scene, adding nuance and creating connections between scenes.

Transcripts

play00:01

Films are made up of sequences.

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Sequences are made up of scenes.

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And scenes are made up of shots.

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In the previous episodes,

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we analyze frame rate.

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Camera lenses.

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Shot size, and more.

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Now, let's talk about how the scenes are connected

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with scene transitions

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that move us through the story.

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"- See if you remember anything."

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This is episode 9 of "The Shot List".

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Editing transitions.

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We'll be examining 9 essential editing transitions

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each with their own function.

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We'll begin with the most fundamental.

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"- I want a little production value, you know?

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Like some editing, transition something, some music."

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- And work our way to the more complex.

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"- Excuse me.

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- Excuse me."

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- As we go, we'll populate a shot list in StudioBinder

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as a sort of guide

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for the next time you were looking for the perfect transition.

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Before we dive into creative transitions, we

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first have to mention the most basic technique.

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The cut.

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A cut is an instant switch or transition

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from one shot to another.

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"- Who is it, Jay?

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- It's okay, honey. It's a friend of Terry's."

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- Or one scene to the next.

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And it is by far the most common way to transition between scenes.

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In our next episode, we'll dive deeper into the nuances of the cut

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and how different editors use it to enhance the storytelling of a scene.

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"- The way we cut that. If you look at that

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sequence, you'll see, it's very, jaggedly cut.

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In order to accentuate the violence of the breaking of the glass."

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- Now, let's look at our first creative transition.

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The Fade.

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One of the original editing transitions that is still used today is the fade.

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A fade is when a shott dissolves to, or from a solid color.

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Usually black or white.

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A fade from black is a common way to open a film

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as it eases the audience into the beginning of the story.

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"- Blake.

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- Sorry, serge.

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- Pick a man.

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Bring your kit.

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Yes, serge."

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- A fade to black can give a gradual sense of closure at the end,

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like opening and closing a book.

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But what about fades in the middle of a film?

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"- And you will know my name is the law.

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When I lay my vengeance upon thee."

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- This is similar to the end of a chapter.

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A fade to black deliberately pauses any momentum

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giving the audience a moment to breathe

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or reflect on what just transpired.

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"Pulp Fiction" uses the fade to black between all three of its chapters.

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Editors can also fade-in

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and out of shots

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within the same scene as a stylistic choice.

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This is also known as dip to black

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as we can see here in "Gone Girl".

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"- It's not good enough for you? - It's not even close.

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What scared me wasn't that he'd push me.

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What scared me was how much he wanted to hurt me more.

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What scared me was that I'd finally realized

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I am frightened of my own husband."

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- A much less common type of fade is the fade to white.

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Most commonly used to represent a character entering a dream.

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Or dying.

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In contrast to black, a fade to white

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can also leave an ending up for interpretation.

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"- Let's go get some help! Go get some help!

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- Now, it's perfect."

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- In this final scene from "Black Swan",

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a fade to white does not create a sense of closure

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but rather ambiguity.

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Does Nina die or not?

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If you want to fade into another shot rather than to black

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opt for our next transition - the Dissolve.

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"- Nice dissolve."

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- Like the fade, the dissolve utilizes a gradual transition.

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Only this time it transitions directly into another shot.

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Traditionally dissolves are used to suggest a longer passage of time between scenes

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or shots within the same scene

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more than we'd expect from a simple cut.

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"- God put this here for me, ain't you.

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Take advantage, man. Take advantage."

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- Or as a way to signal a memory.

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Or a dream.

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"- What's going on?"

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- Some filmmakers utilize the dissolve to

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create a hybrid moment between the two scenes.

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When two shots dissolve into each other,

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they create a third shot

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in which both shots are shown within the frame simultaneously.

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This is known as superimposition.

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In this editing transition from "The Godfather II",

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we dissolve from a shot of Michael Corleone to a shot of his father.

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This dissolve creates a comparison between them and the parallels of their lives.

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Another type of transition that draws connections between two shots

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in a less gradual way is the match cut.

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"- Scott! - What!"

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A match cut is any transition

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audio or visual that uses elements from the previous scene

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to batch similar elements in the next.

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These could be shapes.

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Compositions.

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Colors.

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Movement.

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Or sound.

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Unlike the gradual dissolve, a match cut connects the two shots instantly.

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This connection can subconsciously cause the audience draw on similarities

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or differences between the scenes.

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A match cut can also bridge time and space

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like in Kubrick's iconic match cut from "2001".

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When match cutting between faces

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the assumption is that we're seeing the same person

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at two points in their lives.

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In this scene from "Pirates of the Caribbean",

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a large jump in time is bridged together by a match cup.

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This match car accomplishes story and character beats at once.

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It lets us know that this is the same character

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that we're now years ahead in the story.

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And that Elizabeth is still fascinated with pirates.

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The combination of a match cut and a dissolve becomes a match dissolve.

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This type of transition fulfills all the same functions as a match cut,

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but smooth over the abrupt cut.

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We still get the progression of time

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or create meaningful connections.

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In "Toy Story 2", Jesse is beaming with light and love for her owner Emily.

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And we know this because her face matched dissolves into the sun.

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Next up, an old-fashioned technique that used to be created in-camera.

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The Iris.

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In the early days, iris transitions were a manual effect

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achieved by opening

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or closing a camera's iris or aperture.

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The Iris transition was commonly used like a fade

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in early cinema to open or close a film.

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The Iris has since become rather outdated.

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However, in modern cinema, some filmmakers use the iris as a more stylistic choice.

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It's a great way to focus on a specific element.

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A visual technique similar to a zoom-in

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that focuses the entirety of the scene on a single emotion or idea.

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Consider this moment from "The Departed".

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Colin Sullivan has just graduated from police academy

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and being promoted to detective.

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Watch how Scorsese and his editor Thelma Schoonmaker visualize this moment.

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Colin is framed as tiny and insignificant.

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Just another anonymous individual.

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But then the iris opens up to reveal the massive police headquarters

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and the power that has now been granted to him.

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The world is literally opening up for him.

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"- Congratulations on passing the detectives exam

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and welcome to the Special Investigation Unit.

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- Whoop-de-f*cking-do."

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- While the iris transition uses a circular shape

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our next transition also uses lines and shapes

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to switch between shots.

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A wipe transition is when shot a is replaced with shock B as it moves

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or wipes into frame from a specific direction like up, down, left, right.

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Or diagonal.

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Perhaps most notably the wipe transition is used throughout the "Star Wars" franchise.

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"- This is madness."

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- Which itself is a tribute to the "Flash Gordon" serials

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and Kurosawa films like hidden fortress

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that inspired Lucas's space opera.

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Wipes can also come from various shapes, such as a star.

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"- Okay. From here we star wiped to a glamour shot of Flint paying his bills.

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Then we start our wipe to Flanders brushing his...

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- Dad, there other wipes besides star wipes."

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- Or clock.

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"- My goal is to throw for 4,000 or 5,000.

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Whichever comes first.

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- Better get ready to be famous Albuquerque".

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Like the iris, wipe transitions are a bit old-fashioned

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but will be ideal

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if your goal is a more vintage look.

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"- You and your business.

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Call me now."

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- A wild and expressive musical

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like "The Rocky Horror Picture Show"

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uses a variety of wipes

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that blend seamlessly into its campy aesthetic.

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"- It's just a jump to the left.

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With your hands on your hips.

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It's just a jump to the left."

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- These days, most wiped transitions are used ironically

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for purely comedic purposes,

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but the concept has evolved into our next option,

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the passing transition.

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The passing transition or pass-by effect

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has a moving character or object to transition to the next scene.

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Or it has the camera itself

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move past the object.

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Edgar Wright and his editors have nearly perfected the pass-by effect.

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These transitions often paired with strategic sound design,

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the momentum between scenes never skips a beat.

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"- Oh, man. This is going to suck.

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- At least this will give us something to complain about."

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- Also known as a mass transition

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these are more seamless than the traditional wipe.

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Parsing transitions are often used to hide the cut.

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And they can be used to add a hyper-stylized aesthetic.

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Another great editing technique

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that can add energy to your transitions

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is the whip pan.

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A whip pan or swish pan

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is a quick horizontal camera rotation

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that blurs the image.

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While it is commonly used mid-scene,

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it can also be used as a scene transition.

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Which can be highly advantageous when you want to sustain momentum

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from the previous scene.

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Consider this montage in "Boogie Nights".

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"- Perfect timing."

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- As the characters fly through a rapid succession of scenes, fueled by drugs.

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"- What the f*ck took you so long?"

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- Simply cutting between these scenes wouldn't give us the dizzying effect

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that accentuates their hectic mental state.

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If you are looking for rather abrupt editing transition,

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rather than something smooth,

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look no further than the smash cut.

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A smash cut is a shot abrupt cut from one scene to another

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using high contrast in both visuals and audio.

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"- That's a good pic.

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Put that f*cking money on the counter.

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Give me the real stuff. Don't give me the f*cking fake stuff."

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- This can be between quiet and loud.

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"- Little men. I get the watch to you."

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Between chaotic and still.

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"- Take the couple of cops."

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- Smash cuts are typically used to shock

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or jot the audience

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like in "The Shining".

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"- I didn't thing this is going to be this big, did you?

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- No."

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- A very common application is when a character startles awake from a dream

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like here in "Shutter Island".

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Smash cuts are also commonly used for comedic effect.

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Transitioning between two contrasting scenes

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is a great way to punctuate a moment.

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"- Hey, could I use your guys's phone for a sec?"

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- The smash cut uses both visuals and audio while transitioning.

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As do our final techniques, J-cuts and L-cuts.

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There are two primary types of audio transitions, the J cut, and the L cut.

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These terms derived from the way the edit looks like a J.

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Or an L within an editing timeline.

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A J cut or pre-lap is when the audio of the next scene proceeds the image.

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In other words, the audience hears the audio from scene B

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while still seeing scene A.

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"- Seven. - Dad!

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- Six. Five, main engine start, four...

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Three.

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Two.

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One. Booster ignition and..."

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- J-cuts are commonly used in dialogue,

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but they can also be used when transitioning to a flashback or memory

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such as in this scene from "Saving Private Ryan".

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Before we see images of Normandy,

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we hear the waves crashing on the beach,

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creating a bridge to the past.

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But with an L-cut, the audio from a proceeding scene

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carries over into the following scene.

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This is often used for narration.

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"- Our thankfulness to the escape of our army must not blind us

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to the fact of what has happened in France and Belgium is a colossal military disaster.

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We must expect another blow to be struck almost immediately.

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The real power of J-cuts and L-cuts

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are how they can create new context using sound and image.

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Sound A plus image B creates a more complicated and nuanced meaning.

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"- We shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air.

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Until in God's good time.

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the New World, with all its power and might,

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steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.

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So these are the most commonly used editing transitions.

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But they aren't the only options available.

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You could use a push transition.

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A zoom.

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A luma key.

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A barrel roll.

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"- Oh, hi, Mark."

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There are endless options available.

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"- Hi, doggy."

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What transitions did we leave out?

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What are your favorites?

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Let us know in the comments.

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In the description, you'll find a link to this full shot-list

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and storyboard in StudioBinder.

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Knowing what transitions you have at your disposal and how they work

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will help you create momentum, make connections, and keep the audience engaged.

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In the next episode of this series, we'll explore the most fundamental

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editing techniques used within a scene

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and how nuanced a simple cut can be

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to tell a cohesive and immersive story.

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See you in the next episode.

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transicionesedicióncinenarrativacorteefectostécnicascreatividadvisualescenas
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