Agriculture - Chapter 4 Geography NCERT Class 10
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the significance of agriculture in India, tracing its roots back to the Vedic period and highlighting its evolution to the present day. It outlines the three main types of farming: primitive subsistence, intensive subsistence, and commercial farming. The script discusses India's diverse cropping patterns, technological and institutional reforms, and the sector's contribution to the national economy. It also addresses challenges such as globalization's impact, food security, and the need for increased investment in agriculture to ensure sustainable growth and maintain its vital role in the country's prosperity.
Takeaways
- 🌾 Agriculture is the largest livelihood provider in India, with a history dating back to the Vedic period (1500 to 500 BCE).
- 🌱 Today, two-thirds of India's population is engaged in agricultural activities, emphasizing its importance to the national economy.
- 🍲 Agriculture not only feeds the nation but also provides raw materials for multi-million dollar industries such as tea, coffee, and spices.
- 💡 Technological advancements in agriculture, such as high-yielding seeds and genetic engineering, have greatly increased efficiency and productivity.
- 🏡 Primitive subsistence farming, characterized by traditional methods and reliance on monsoon rains, is still practiced in some parts of India.
- 🔬 Intensive subsistence farming involves the use of advanced techniques and resources to maximize output from limited land, often under high pressure.
- 💼 Commercial farming focuses on crops with high profit potential, utilizing the latest technology and inputs for maximum productivity.
- 🌳 India's diverse physical geography and cultural plurality are reflected in its varied cropping patterns, including Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid seasons.
- 📉 Despite being a backbone of the economy, agriculture's contribution to India's GDP is declining, raising concerns about the sector's sustainability.
- 🌐 Globalization has exposed Indian agriculture to international markets, but domestic challenges such as infrastructure and subsidies in developed countries affect competitiveness.
- 🔄 The Indian government has implemented various reforms and support systems, such as the National Food Security System, to address food security and support farmers.
Q & A
What is the historical significance of agriculture in India?
-The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Vedic period, around 1500 to 500 BCE. This era marked the beginning of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent when the Indo-Aryans settled in northern India near the Indus Valley, shaping the early stages of agriculture.
Why is agriculture considered vital to India's economy?
-Agriculture is vital to India's economy because it is the largest livelihood provider, supports a significant portion of the population, and contributes to food security and raw materials for various industries. It also plays a role in foreign exchange earnings through exports.
What are the three types of farming mentioned in the script?
-The three types of farming mentioned are primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. Each type represents different levels of technological use, intensity of labor, and focus on profitability.
What is the role of genetic engineering in modern agriculture?
-Genetic engineering plays a crucial role in modern agriculture by enabling the development of high-yielding seeds that require less water and time to grow. These innovations contribute to increased productivity and efficiency in farming practices.
Can you explain the concept of 'slash-and-burn' agriculture mentioned in the script?
-Slash-and-burn agriculture, also known as 'jump cultivation,' is a primitive subsistence farming method practiced mainly by tribal people in the northeastern region of India. It involves clearing land by cutting down natural vegetation, growing food crops, and then burning the remaining vegetation to enrich the soil with ash, before moving on to another plot.
What are the challenges faced by intensive subsistence farming?
-Intensive subsistence farming faces challenges such as enormous pressure on agricultural land due to limited land availability and the need for higher production to meet economic or financial pressures. This can lead to land degradation and reduced productivity over time.
What is the significance of the Green Revolution in India's agricultural history?
-The Green Revolution was a period of increased agricultural yields in India due to improved agronomic technology and best practices. It was aimed at overcoming food deficits and improving the agricultural sector's efficiency and productivity.
What are the three main cropping patterns in India?
-The three main cropping patterns in India are Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid. Rabi crops are sown in winter and harvested in summer, Kharif crops are grown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested at the end of the monsoon, and Zaid crops are grown in the short summer season.
How does the Indian government support its farmers through institutional and technological reforms?
-The Indian government supports farmers through various measures such as crop insurance, establishment of Grameen banks and cooperative societies, priority sector lending schemes by banks, and providing subsidies for seeds and fertilizers. These reforms aim to improve the agricultural sector's efficiency and sustainability.
What are the implications of the declining contribution of agriculture to India's GDP?
-The declining contribution of agriculture to India's GDP indicates potential issues with the growth and sustainability of the agricultural sector. It can lead to challenges in food security, reduced employment opportunities in agriculture, and increased pressure on farmers to shift to other sectors for livelihoods.
What is the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture?
-Globalization has exposed Indian agriculture to international markets, leading to increased production of crops like rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute, and spices. However, it also presents challenges such as competition from heavily subsidized agriculture in developed countries and the need for improved infrastructure and support for small farmers in India.
Outlines
🌾 Agriculture's Role and History in India
This paragraph delves into the significance of agriculture in India, highlighting its status as the largest livelihood provider and tracing its roots back to the Vedic period (1500 to 500 BCE). It emphasizes the evolution of agriculture, the importance of a healthy nation being linked to prosperous agriculture, and the role of farming in producing food and raw materials for industries. The paragraph also introduces the concept of different types of farming, such as primitive subsistence farming, which relies on traditional methods and monsoon rains, and the impact of modern technology like high-yielding seeds from genetic engineering.
🚜 Types of Farming and Cropping Patterns
The second paragraph explores the different types of farming practices in India, including intensive subsistence farming characterized by high labor and biochemical inputs under pressure to maximize output from limited land. It also discusses commercial farming, focused on profitable crops using advanced technology and high-yielding seeds. The paragraph introduces the concept of cropping patterns, divided into Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid seasons, each with specific crops grown during different times of the year. The Green Revolution is mentioned as a key historical event that boosted agricultural yields through improved technology.
🛠️ Technological and Institutional Reforms in Agriculture
This section discusses the need for technological and institutional reforms in agriculture to improve efficiency and productivity. It touches on the government's Five-Year Plans, which have included measures for land reform and the abolition of the Zamindari system. The paragraph also covers strategies like the Green and White Revolutions, crop insurance, and the establishment of financial institutions to support farmers. The importance of these reforms for the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector is emphasized, alongside the challenges of adapting to a rising population and international competition.
📉 Agriculture's Contribution to the National Economy
The fourth paragraph examines the contribution of agriculture to India's GDP, noting a decline in its share despite the sector's foundational role in the economy. It discusses the government's efforts in collaboration with research institutions and the challenges of job creation in the face of increasing GDP. The paragraph also addresses the issue of farmers shifting from agriculture to the services sector due to lack of funding and the potential disastrous effects of such a shift on the economy.
🍲 Food Security and Globalization's Impact
The final paragraph addresses food security, defined as reliable access to sufficient, affordable, nutritious food. It outlines government initiatives like the National Food Security System, which includes buffer stock and public distribution systems. The paragraph also touches on the issues of categorization for poverty line benefits and the administrative challenges in food distribution. The impact of globalization on Indian agriculture is discussed, including historical trade with European countries and the current struggle of Indian agricultural products to compete internationally due to lack of infrastructure and subsidies.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Agriculture
💡Livelihood
💡Vedic Period
💡Green Revolution
💡Subsistence Farming
💡Commercial Farming
💡Cropping Pattern
💡Technological Reforms
💡Institutional Reforms
💡Food Security
💡Globalization
Highlights
Agriculture is the largest livelihood provider in India with a history dating back to the Vedic period (1500 to 500 BCE).
Two-thirds of India's population is engaged in agricultural activities, emphasizing its importance to the nation's economy.
Agriculture not only feeds the nation but also provides raw materials for multi-million dollar industries such as tea, coffee, and spices.
Technological advancements in agriculture, such as high-yielding seeds, have significantly improved crop production with less input.
Three types of farming are identified: primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming, each with unique characteristics and practices.
Primitive subsistence farming, also known as traditional farming, relies on monsoon rains and natural soil fertility without modern technology.
Intensive subsistence farming is characterized by high labor input, biochemical usage, and pressure on agricultural land for higher production.
Commercial farming focuses on profitability, utilizing high-yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, and modern techniques for maximum output.
Cropping patterns in India are diverse, influenced by physical geography and cultural plurality, and are categorized into Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid seasons.
The Green Revolution was a pivotal period for Indian agriculture, significantly increasing yields through improved technology and practices.
Technological and institutional reforms are essential for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in India.
India's agricultural sector contributes to the national GDP, but its share is declining, indicating a need for focused development.
The government's initiatives, such as crop insurance and establishment of banks for farmers, are steps towards institutional and technical reforms.
Food security in India is addressed through the National Food Security System, which includes buffer stock and public distribution systems.
Globalization has a significant impact on Indian agriculture, with both historical and contemporary implications for crop production and international trade.
The Indian agricultural sector faces challenges such as water scarcity, soil degradation, and the need for diversification to high-value crops.
Small farmers need support to improve their conditions, including better infrastructure and reduced reliance on chemicals for sustainable farming.
The video concludes with a call for increased investment in agriculture to address challenges and ensure the sector's vitality for the nation's future.
Transcripts
chapter for agriculture in this video we
will learn about agriculture and how it
is important to our country agriculture
is the largest livelihood provider in
India the history of agriculture in
India dates back to the Vedic period
that is 1500 to 500 BCE so this was the
time when the Indo iron settled into the
northern India near Indus Valley and the
culture was sometimes referred to as
vedic civilization agriculture was first
shaped in the Indian subcontinent during
this era now fast-forward today
two-thirds of a population is engaged in
agricultural activities there's a saying
in economics I don't know who said this
but it goes something like this
a healthy nation is a prosperous nation
and to be healthy agriculture produces
most of the food that we consume
apart from producing food for the nation
agriculture produces raw material for
various multi-million dollar industries
like tea coffee spices etc just think
about it supporting so much of
employment and not to forget many of
these items are exported and that brings
in a lot of foreign exchange just
imagine how much agriculture is
important now that we have a beef
context regarding the importance of
Agriculture let's move ahead and get to
know more in depth here is a summary of
the content in this video through
seconds back we learned the importance
of Agriculture and how a national
economy is dependent on it let's move on
to the second topic types of farming
agriculture is not something new it's
been carried out from ages hence there
will be significant changes in the way
it is carried out I'm talking about its
procedures techniques practices etc over
the time a lot of things change --is
like the physical environment let's take
an example of the weather weather is not
the same today what it used to be
thousands of years back similarly today
there is a massive technological boost
in the agricultural sector in order to
use them efficiently you have to be
aware of its technical know-how for
example today we have high yielding
seeds to grow crops quickly
these seeds produces more with less
input they do not require much water
they do not require much time these
innovation are possible due to genetic
engineering and one need to acquire the
knowledge in order to make efficient use
of this technology so based on such
diversity there are three types of
farming and they are one primitive
subsistence farming to intensive
subsistence farming and the last one is
commercial farming let's get to know
each one of them in brief the first one
is primitive subsistence farming now the
meaning of the term primitive is having
characteristics of an early stage so the
primary tools that were used for
agriculture were who doubt digging
stakes and family community laborers
because today we have large machineries
but there are many parts in India where
this kind of farming is still continued
where things are at its early stage so
most commonly this type of farming is
dependent on monsoon because that is the
cheapest and the best way of getting
water so you cannot think about having a
private channel from a reservoir for
irrigation and the second important
thing is need to have a natural
fertility of the soil again you cannot
afford to have fertilizers of or high
yielding seeds no advanced methods only
traditional methods so natural fertility
of the soil is important and then you
need suitability of the environment
which means the mother nature should be
happy again you cannot have access to
private rooms or freezers or some sort
of a place where you can control the
temperature so in simple terms we can
also say primitive subsistence farming
is also known as traditional farming
where there is no use of modern
technology or method everything is of
early stage so slash-and-burn
agriculture is one of the type of
primitive subsistence farming remember
that there is another word to it it's
called jump cultivation it's mainly
practiced by the tribal people of the
northeastern region so what they do is
they clear the land they cut down all
the natural vegetation they make it a
flat plane land they grow their food
crops and once they have done with the
growing part naturally the soil
fertility will decrease the
what they do is they burn the natural
vegetation so that all the born ashes of
the vegetation will again make the soil
fertile and in the meantime they move on
to the next piece of land this decreases
the land productivity and this type of
Agriculture is not recommended so I hope
you get the meaning of primitive
subsistence farming let's move on to the
second one
intensive subsistence farming so the
meaning of the word intensive means
intense serious or full-fledged so in
this type of farming you make use of all
kinds of facility that is available that
is intensive labor then high doses of
biochemical inputs and the focus is
always towards the higher production
however there is one problem with this
kind of farming there's always enormous
pressure on the agricultural land
because a farmer would have limited
piece of land and due to family
economical or financial pressure he has
to continue to grow more and more crops
so that he can have maximum output from
that limited piece of land so just
remember the word intense you will get
the meaning of this type of forming and
the last type of farming is commercial
farming so the meaning of the word
commercial is something that is
associated with business so when a
particular crop is associated with
business I mean if you earn some sort of
a huge profit by growing a particular
crop then you will use all kinds of
technology you will put an ample of
hardwork time effort money labor
everything and the reason is simple the
output is going to be profitable so this
is the meaning of commercial farming so
the kind of inputs that we put in this
kind of farming are you will use high
yielding varieties seeds so these are
genetically produce seeds so this kind
of seeds produces more with less input
then again you will use chemical
fertilizers insecticides and pesticides
for higher productivity now rice is a
very common as well as important
commercial crop because you and I vie to
eat rice at least once in our day so you
do realize the demand of this crop so
where there is huge 2-month there has to
be supply and supply is usually
profitable and that is the meaning of
commercial farming just remember that
now let's move on to the next topic
cropping pattern India has a rich
physical diversity
meaning physical effect divisions such
as the mountains plateaux deserts
islands all of this are so diverse
landforms and together they all exist in
the Indian subcontinent and then we have
plurality of cultures that is so many
communities with different religion
linguistic cultural tribal values exist
together not with all of this going on
you can see the reflection of diversity
in the way crops are grown and this is
what is referred to as cropping pattern
in India you can find fiber crops cereal
vegetables fruits and spices all of this
are grown but in a different season and
they have been nicely divided into three
types they are Rabi Karif and Zedd so
let's read about each one of them in
brief the first one is Robbie crop so
this crop is soared in the season of
winter that is from October to December
and harvested in summer that is from
April to June so always remember Robbie
crop is a winter crop the best way to
remember is the letter I also exists in
the word winter so when you have Robbie
it's winter remember that now some of
the important Rabi crops are wheat
barley piece gram now these crops are
grown in the large part of India
especially places near north and
northwest in parts such as Punjab
Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and
Kashmir with tarantula andother Pradesh
so remember India has two types of
monsoon that is southwestern monsoon and
then not eastern monsoon so the second
one that is the not eastern monsoon it
occurs during the winter season
therefore this monsoon or this rainfall
helps in the success of these crops now
due to the success of Green Revolution
it has helped in the growth of these
Rabi crops so Green Revolution was a
period when agriculture in India
increased its yields due to improved
agronomic technology you know at that
time everything was efficiently done we
have proper technology in place and with
best practices this movement green
revolution developed and this was purely
to overcome food defects because that
can lead to health
hazards now let's read about the kharif
crop kharif crops are grown with the
onset of monsoon so this is the
southwestern monsoon we are talking
about which starts at the beginning of
June and the crops are harvested in the
month of September or October by the end
of the monsoon so car if crop is sown in
the monsoon and Robbie crop is sown in
the winter remember that now some of the
car if crops are paddy maize jor bara
tor MooMoo Roth cotton jute ground nut
and soya bean so all of these crops are
grown at the region of Assam West Bengal
coastal regions of Orissa under Pradesh
Tamil Nadu Kerala and Maharashtra so you
see all of these places receives
rainfall from the southwest and wind so
this was all about the car if crop so
after Robbie and kharif season there's
something called Zee season so it is a
short season but it is mostly in the
summer so some of the crops that are
grown in this season are watermelon musk
melon koo kumba and other vegetables and
father's so all of these crops falls on
the Zayat crop so with this we are now
aware of the three types of cropping
patterns in India now let's read about
the major crops of India I have made a
separate video dedicated to this entire
topic I want you to watch that video and
you will have a nice understanding about
all the major crops that are grown in
India link to the video is in the
description you can also click on the
info card available on your top right
corner of this video let's move on to
the next topic technological and
institutional reforms now the meaning of
the words technological and
institutional reforms means that there
has to be a Reformation or change in the
technology the way we use and in the
institutional formation or function
because if we bring a positive change in
both the sectors that is the technology
as well as the institution it will only
contribute towards smooth functioning of
the work flow and efficiency will be at
its prime agriculture is the bloodline
of a country I mean without food no one
can survive therefore to develop this
sector there has to be a compatibility
with the acknowledged
and the institutional changes because if
you're performing agriculture on your
land without the help of technology or
any institutional help then it is not
sustainable meaning it will not last for
a very long time you will be exhausted
tired and your productivity will be low
there are so many farmers in this
country who still depends upon the
monsoon and the natural fertility of the
soil I mean it isn't wrong but the
productivity would be so less I mean as
a farmer you need to make use of the
irrigational facilities and then you
have to use fertilizers for for growing
the natural fertility of your soil you
also need to use high yielding variety
of seeds that take less input and gives
a larger output because if you don't
make use of all these new reforms then
it is going to be a serious challenge to
the rising population because what
happens when supply doesn't meet the
demand there will be all sorts of crisis
and no country wants that
therefore the agricultural sector needs
some serious technical and institutional
reforms so if you look at the first
five-year plan of our India or for those
of you who don't know what is fire your
plan it is a government plan for
economic development so what they do is
they decide and write it down all the
things that they want to do for the next
five years since independence we have
had twelve five-year plan anyways so if
you look at the document you will find
that there is a mentioning of
institutional reforms and technological
reforms for the agricultural sector so
what does it mean it means that even the
government is strong about adopting
these measures so that they can improve
the agricultural sector so if you look
at the first fire plan which was drafted
in the year of 1951 to 56 in that it is
mentioned about abolishing of Zamindari
system and that is a major step towards
land Reformation in case you want to
read more about it I have a link in the
description to the first fire plan in
fact you can read up all the fire plans
so some of the strategies that that has
been taken by the Government of India in
improving the Indian agricultural sector
is Green Revolution and white revolution
so these revolutions in
you'd both institutional and technical
reforms so some of the reforms were
provision for crop insurance against
Roth so just like you have an insurance
for your car here you have an insurance
for your crop then you have the
establishment of Grameen banks
cooperative societies and banks for
providing loan facilities to the farmer
so every bank has a priority sector
lending scheme so it is an important
role given by the Reserve Bank of India
so what happens in this scheme is the
bank has to keep aside certain amount of
money that can only be given to the
agricultural sector or allied activities
as loan so this money cannot be given
for any other purposes this is only
meant for agricultural activities so
these are some of the schemes introduced
by the government of India for the
benefit of the farmers and the next
topic is contribution of agriculture to
the national economy now we know that
agriculture has been the backbone of the
country therefore naturally its
contribution to the GDP would be
statistically visible but this
contribution is declining year by year
so any sort of decline or stagnation is
bad for the nation and will have serious
implications on the society government
is dedicated towards the development of
this sector by joining hands with Indian
Council of agricultural research many
agricultural universities many
veterinary services and numerous animal
breeding centers so all sorts of R&D is
being carried out by the government now
another challenge that our country faces
today is that our GDP is increasing but
the employment opportunity is not I'll
just give you an brief illustration as
to what I just said
so GDP is nothing but the value of all
the finished goods and services produced
within a country now I want you to
imagine two countries having GDP of 100
so country a has 100 and country B has
100 and also assume their population is
the same that is 10 people so in country
a 10 people are earning 10 rupees in
order to generate a GDP of 100 fair
enough now in country B 5 people are
earning 20 rupees each in order to
generate a GDP of 100 and rest 5 people
are unemployed
so you see increase in GDP does not mean
the country is doing well in terms of M
now with the similar principle we can
also think of it this way though the GDP
must be increasing for the country year
by year but then the growth rate of
agriculture is decelerating so the three
most important sectors agriculture
industries and services so these three
sector broadly determines the kind of
job that we are in so currently India's
GDP is 7.3 now it's really good it's
high but if you look at inside the
services sector is high followed by
industries and then last is agriculture
and Moomins back we just read that
agriculture is the backbone of the
Indian economy if that is low what good
is it going to do to the country I hope
you get what I'm trying to say and
because of the increase in the services
sector a lot of things are being
outsourced from developed nations to our
country including jobs products services
etc and because of that Indian farmers
are facing a big challenge from the
international competition and then on
the other hand government is also not
increasing the funding in the
agricultural sector and because of all
of this farmers are redrawing their
investment from agriculture there are a
lot of people who were farmers once upon
a time they have left the agricultural
sector and I move towards the services
sector for employment just imagine if
the entire population moves from one
sector to another it is going to be
catastrophic
though it may promise you comfort job
security and benefits but we need
sufficient amount of people at different
sectors so that no sector is empty
especially we can not afford to empty
the agricultural sector it needs to be
properly fed with investment so this was
the contribution of agriculture to the
national economy and the next topic we
are going to read about is food security
so the meaning of the term food security
is having reliable access to a
sufficient quantity of affordable
nutritious food usually the countries
with higher incidence of poverty do not
have food security because there are
many geographical political as well as
economical reasons apart from all of
this there are places which are prone to
natural disasters
and they are so remote that it's very
difficult to supply food over there even
such kind of places exist in today's
world so in order to deal with this
problem the government has designed
something called national food security
system and it has two components one is
above a stock and another one is public
distribution system so the meaning of
buffer stock is keeping a large quantity
of food in a storage or a warehouse and
then public distribution system is
nothing but the ration shop through
which that stored food is supplied at a
very lower price to the people who are
below the poverty line but then to
maintain such a huge stock of food the
government has to first buy those food
from the farmers and for that government
has fixed a support price wherein they
will buy that grain in that particular
price and then they will keep it in food
Corporation of India now this is a
national cause of course the prices at
which the government will buy from the
farmer is going to be less but then the
government is going to complement the
farmers by giving subsidies in providing
seeds fertilizers and all those sort of
things to grow nice crops so this is
like balancing the equation you are not
benefiting at the cost of someone else's
loss and then these foods are then taken
from food Corporation of India to the
public distribution systems that is the
ration shops and distribute it among the
people but as a great saying goes
everything has a problem and here the
problem is the government procures large
quantity of rice wheat and paddy from
the farmers because these are the staple
food for the Indian population and these
are being consumed at a large scale so
mostly the government buys all of these
crops and stock them now having said
that the farmers are even smarter they
have also developed interest in growing
only these kind of crops because there's
not going to be lost for the farmers
it's likely going to be taken by the
government so they will not have a loss
in it now due to this there is a
distorted cropping pattern and another
problem comes from the administrative
point of view we know that consumers or
the population is divided into two
categories that is above the poverty
line and below the poverty line
and based on this the government
provides this stocked food through PDS
2d below poverty line people but the
categorization is not perfect and the
number of deserving poor people are not
being benefited by these schemes so even
this problem needs to be addressed so
again all of this problem can be only
dealt if the government increases the
investment in agricultural sector
because the moment you create necessary
infrastructure like irrigation
facilities availability of electricity
then it automatically attracts the
private parties then the private party
is going to invest huge capital in it so
capitalism does helps only if it is
properly administered and monitored now
apart from all of this there are reasons
like scarcity of water then degradation
of soil due to the overuse of fertilizer
and pesticides and declining
productivity of land and then farmers
shifting from the food crops to
cultivation of fruits vegetable oil
seeds and industrial crops because of
commercialization so these are some of
the problems that the government needs
to address in order to improve the
agricultural sector of a nation and the
last topic of this chapter is impact of
globalization on agriculture
globalization means when an organization
develops international influence or
starts operating on an international
scale so here we are going to read about
how agriculture gained international
exposure so globalization is not
something new for Indian agriculture
industry it's been happening since 19th
century when European traders arrived
they used to take Indian spices to
different parts of the world and the
Indian farmers were asked to grow
European crops so all of this accounts
for globalization the British were
attracted to the cotton belts of India
they exported heavy cotton raw materials
to Britain and due to which Britain
textile industry flourished and we have
many more such examples of globalization
not today India is an important producer
of rice cotton rubber tea coffee jute
and spices but still our agricultural
products are not able to compete with
the developed countries because the
government of developed countries they
highly subsidized agriculture
in those countries as a result they are
able to produce good as well as huge
quantities of products in India we do
not have proper infrastructure for the
agricultural department the condition of
small farmers have barely changed our
farmers are still fighting the most
basic problems of agriculture like
overusing of chemicals land degradation
and bio vanishing biodiversity so all
these initial problems we are still
engaged in that so proper thrust should
be given to the improvement of the
condition of small farmers so there is
an old saying that success lies in small
small changes therefore the Indian
farmers should diversify their cropping
pattern from cereals to high-value crops
because this needs to be done at the
most basic level though we can sit and
talk about institutional and technical
reforms but at the ground level farmers
need to understand this logic behind
diversifying the cropping pattern we
have to learn the art of harnessing the
diverse climate and in the process grow
wide range of high-value crops so with
this we have come to an end of this
chapter I hope you have found this video
informative if you enjoy these videos
and see a purpose behind watching them
please like the video and comment down
below
until then catch you guys later and talk
to you guys on the next one peace
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