The Greenwich Meridian is in the wrong place
Summary
TLDRIn this video, the host explores the Greenwich Observatory in London, discovering that the Prime Meridian line, which defines zero longitude for GPS, has moved from its original location. Through a dramatic reenactment and discussions with Steve Mold, they explain the historical and technical reasons behind the shift, including the transition from star-based to Earth-based measurements. The video also humorously addresses the impact on tourists and the complexities of defining 'up' and 'zero' on a spherical Earth, ending with a plug for the host's new book, 'Love Triangle'.
Takeaways
- 📍 The speaker is at the Greenwich Observatory in London discussing the Prime Meridian, which is the reference line for zero degrees longitude.
- ⛲ The Prime Meridian's original location was determined by the placement of a telescope's eyepiece, which has since moved slightly from its historical position.
- 🌧 The script humorously mentions the typical rainy British Spring weather during the visit to the observatory.
- 📱 GPS devices show a small inaccuracy when pinpointing the exact location of the Prime Meridian, with the speaker's device showing -0.1 degrees.
- 🎬 A dramatic reenactment by 'Steve mold' is mentioned to illustrate the confusion of tourists when their GPS does not show exactly zero at the Prime Meridian.
- 🔭 The script explains that the historical method for determining the Prime Meridian involved observing stars and their transit times across a telescope's eyepiece.
- 🌟 The Prime Meridian was originally based on the celestial observation of stars, but this method was later replaced by Earth-based measurements due to inaccuracies.
- 🌍 The Earth's rotation and its orbit around the Sun are discussed as factors that affect the definition of a day and the need for sidereal time measurements.
- 🕰 The importance of accurate timekeeping for determining longitude is highlighted, with a mention of Harrison's clocks and the transition from solar to sidereal time.
- 📚 The speaker mentions a book about trigonometry and the inaccuracies in the historical definition of the Prime Meridian, which was corrected in the 20th century.
- 🎁 The script ends with a promotion for the speaker's book, 'Love Triangle', and an offer for pre-order bonuses, including a virtual bookmark with a personalized touch.
Q & A
What is the significance of the Prime Meridian at the Greenwich Observatory?
-The Prime Meridian at the Greenwich Observatory defines the zero point for longitude. It is the reference line from which all other longitudes are measured, and it helps in determining the exact location of a place on Earth.
Why was the Prime Meridian line moved from its original position?
-The Prime Meridian line was moved because the original definition of 'up' used for astronomical observations was not perfectly aligned with the Earth's center of mass. As technology advanced, it was necessary to redefine the line to improve accuracy in global positioning systems.
How does the Earth's shape affect the determination of the Prime Meridian?
-The Earth's spherical shape makes it challenging to define a fixed point for longitude. The Prime Meridian is determined not just by a physical line, but by a series of observations and measurements that account for the Earth's rotation and its position in space.
What is the role of the telescope in defining the Prime Meridian?
-The telescope at the observatory is used to observe stars and determine the exact time they pass over a specific point, which helps in calculating the longitude. The alignment of the telescope with the stars is crucial for accurate timekeeping related to the Prime Meridian.
Why is the term 'solar time' not ideal for measuring the Earth's rotation?
-Solar time is based on the Earth's position relative to the Sun, which is not a perfect measure because the Earth also moves around the Sun while rotating. This results in a slight discrepancy, making sidereal time, which is based on the Earth's rotation relative to the stars, a more accurate measure.
How did the historical use of a Zenith tube contribute to the inaccuracies in the Prime Meridian's original location?
-The Zenith tube, which was used to point directly upwards, relied on local gravity to level a mercury mirror. However, local gravity does not perfectly align with the Earth's center of mass, leading to slight inaccuracies in the timing of star observations and thus the position of the Prime Meridian.
What was the international agreement in 1884 regarding the Prime Meridian?
-In 1884, an international agreement was reached at a conference where countries decided to adopt the Prime Meridian at the Greenwich Observatory as the global zero point for longitude to standardize timekeeping and navigation.
How did the advent of satellite technology influence the redefinition of the Prime Meridian?
-The introduction of satellite technology allowed for more precise measurements of the Earth and its features. This led to the realization that the original astronomical observations used to define the Prime Meridian were slightly off, prompting a redefinition based on Earth's center of mass.
What is the current method for defining the Prime Meridian?
-The current method for defining the Prime Meridian is based entirely on Earth's center of mass, using geodetic measurements from satellites and other advanced technologies, rather than astronomical observations.
Why is the discrepancy between the old and new Prime Meridian locations only about 100 meters?
-The discrepancy is minimal because the original definition was already very close to accurate. The slight adjustment of about 100 meters was made to align the Prime Meridian with the Earth's center of mass, improving the accuracy of global positioning systems.
What is the significance of the book 'Love Triangle' mentioned in the script?
-The book 'Love Triangle' is a publication by the same author who discusses the complexities of the Prime Meridian and other related topics. It provides a deeper understanding of the subject matter and is promoted as a resource for further reading.
Outlines
🌍 Greenwich Observatory and the Prime Meridian
The video script begins with the narrator standing at the Greenwich Observatory in London, discussing the significance of the Prime Meridian, which is the reference line for zero degrees longitude. Despite the GPS showing a slight deviation from zero, the narrator explains that the true Prime Meridian has moved from its original location due to changes in the definition of 'up' and the use of a different telescope for its measurement. The script includes a humorous reenactment with a friend, Steve Mold, to illustrate the confusion tourists face when their GPS does not align with the marked Prime Meridian. The video promises a thorough exploration of the topic, including the history and technical aspects of longitude measurement.
📡 The Evolution of Longitude Measurement
This paragraph delves into the historical and technical aspects of determining longitude. It explains how the Earth's rotation and equator provide natural references for latitude, but longitude requires an agreed-upon reference line. The narrator discusses the international decision in 1884 to standardize the Prime Meridian, which was previously contested by various countries using different lines. The script also covers the method of using stars to determine latitude and the challenges of defining a universal zero longitude, highlighting the importance of accurate timekeeping for celestial navigation.
🕰 The Importance of Time in Longitude Measurement
The narrator explains the crucial role of time in determining longitude. By observing stars and noting the exact time they pass overhead, astronomers can calculate their longitude relative to the Prime Meridian. The script describes the use of a zenith tube and a mercury mirror to achieve a true vertical line for accurate celestial observation. It also touches on the limitations of local gravity and the historical shift from using stars to satellites for Earth-based measurements, which led to a redefinition of the Prime Meridian in 1984.
🔍 The Shift from Celestial to Earth-Based Measurements
This section discusses the transition from using celestial bodies for timekeeping to relying on Earth-based measurements. The narrator explains how advancements in technology, such as satellites and radar, allowed for more precise location tracking. The decision in 1984 to cease optical measurements and rely solely on Earth-based data led to a slight adjustment in the Prime Meridian to maintain consistency with previous measurements. The script also mentions the complexities of aligning the new definition with the old system due to the Earth's uneven gravity.
📚 The Release of 'Love Triangle' and a Special Offer
In the final paragraph, the narrator shifts focus to the release of their new book, 'Love Triangle,' which includes a discussion on the Prime Meridian among other topics. The script promotes a pre-order campaign with a sweepstakes for a chance to win a Q&A session and a personalized bookmark. The narrator thanks the viewers for their support, acknowledges the contributions of past and future versions of themselves and their friend Steve, and invites viewers to check out Steve's channel for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Greenwich Observatory
💡Prime Meridian
💡Longitude
💡GPS
💡Zenith
💡Sidereal Time
💡Harrison Clocks
💡Meridian Line
💡Tide
💡Earth-based Measurements
💡Pre-order
Highlights
Visit to the Greenwich Observatory in London to see the Prime Meridian, which defines zero longitude.
Discovery that the actual zero longitude is not at the marked line but has moved to a location in the park.
Explanation of GPS inaccuracies and the difficulty of finding the exact zero longitude with a phone.
Dramatic reenactment by Steve Mold to illustrate the confusion of tourists regarding the zero line.
The historical shift of the zero line due to the use of different 'up' definitions in astronomical observations.
The role of the telescope and its alignment with the eyepiece defining the true zero longitude.
The challenge of defining a universal zero longitude due to the Earth's spherical shape and lack of a fixed origin.
Historical agreement in 1884 to standardize the Prime Meridian for global navigation and timekeeping.
The method of determining latitude by observing stars and measuring angles with a telescope.
The distinction between solar time and sidereal time, with the latter being crucial for accurate star observations.
The importance of clocks in synchronization with Greenwich Mean Time for navigation before modern technology.
The transition from star-based measurements to Earth-based measurements in the 1960s due to technological advancements.
The decision in 1984 to cease optical measurements of stars and rely solely on Earth-based measurements for defining the Prime Meridian.
The practical implications of the Prime Meridian's shift on global GPS systems and the effort to minimize discrepancies.
The release of the book 'Love Triangle' by the author, discussing various topics related to trigonometry and the Prime Meridian.
Involvement of the audience through a pre-order sweepstakes for the US edition of 'Love Triangle' with exclusive rewards.
A humorous conclusion reflecting on the nature of time and the video's content being in the past, inviting viewers to engage with the content.
Transcripts
I am at the grenwich observatory in London hence this fantastic uh rainy British Spring
weather and I'm here because I wanted to see uh line zero this is it the prime meridian this is
what defines zero when it comes to longitude so your GPS will show you exactly zero if you're on
this line except it doesn't zero is not here anymore it's over there in the park [Music]
it's true I'm right on well I'm not right on the line I'm currently in the Western
Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere on the line and if I get my GPS right now it is uh negative
0.1 14333 now obviously a phone is not super accurate but it is accurate enough to show me this
is not zero and if I walk around trying to find zero it's about 100 met that way obviously this
annoys tourists who visit the line look at their phone and realize it's not actually on zero and to
give you a sense of what that might look like we have a dramatic reenactment by my mate Steve mold
if I could leave the Greenwich Meridian zero Stars I would it was actually Steve who originally told
me about the zero line moving and he kindly joined me to make a video about it now because this is a
standard Mass video we're going to do things very thoroughly so we're here on the incorrect zero a
completeness I know later on I've uh sent future mat to go out into the park in fact future mat we
have future M with us right now are you there yes we're here in the future on the line in the park
how are things in the courtyard you know it's it's all going pretty well here um in the courtyard
apart from the disappointment at the zero lines in the wrong spot everything everything's
great in the Park yeah I mean is your Steve complaining about the promise as well yes yeah
oh absolutely all right so we're going to hand over to both of you in the Park thank you very
much so we spent a while walking around earlier we had out your phone looking at the GPS location
on future Steve's phone and uh we found it this is it we it it it comes straight down
there across the path and off that way this is your proper zero line should we label the
line okay yeah of course if we we need to run a line north south okay uh this is the actual zero
line for all GPS uh we're going to send back to Matt and Steve in the past thank you very much
future Matt and future Steve now current St Just Go With It mate okay so when you first mentioned
this to me and I asked I was like why how like how can this not be zero anymore was it ever zero
what was going on I'm going to paraphrase what I remember you said they were using the wrong
down yeah yeah well so the wrong down the wrong up basically when they were figuring out where
the line should be they needed a way of looking directly upwards okay and it turns out that there
is more than one way to define directly upwards cuz looking at the stars which is why we're at
an observatory yes for a line that's the way to do it and we now use a different up yes I know
so you you explain this to me and I don't know if I brought this up talking to you yeah or on the
channel yeah wrote a book about trigonometry yes and the US edition is out this August 20th detail
about the pre-order sweep stakes and free digital Bookmark at the end of the video
but in it I wanted to mention this yeah and so I thought you know what I'm going to obviously
your explanation crisp but I thought I'm going to dig into it a bit more and what I found out
is did I get wrong no you were 100% correct you were totally on the money uh but what I realized
almost immediately is that this this is not the line oh what is the line then this is the Line
This is a telescope actually but the telescope is what defines the line it's not like people worked
out where the line should be in theory and they had to calculate where to put this brass strip the
T the brow strip is just pointing this is where the telescope is well it lines up exactly with
the eyepiece of the telescope in fact the eyepiece is the line nothing is the line the only line is
the eyepiece on this telescope everything else is just pointing to where that is that's zero
which is quite pleasing because the eyepiece is shaped like a zero so that that is that is zero
and the reason it's on a telescope and it's not actually a line is because it's not really about
measuring anything it's all about timings and for that we're going to a different location before we
get to the timing problem we need to Define some of our terms which is why I brought this model of
the Earth and we got some tape okay so this is the Earth the issue with the Earth is is a sphere yeah
which makes working out where you are difficult in terms of like having an origin like where do
you decide where Z 0 is like on a sheet of paper you could say it's this bottom corner is z Zer
but on a on a sphere there's no obvious place to choose famously no corners yeah we get one line
for free well we get one line and two dots right cuz the Earth is is spinning yes so we get our
axis of rotation so North is the top of the axis that's spinning around South is the bottom and
we get the Equator so so we so we say Okay zero in this direction in the up and down direction
will just Define as the Equator the middle bit the middle bit so we already have a zero it's
it's the it's the other one that is a prop okay okay great we're going to mark that one so that's
our zero latitude yes so you can have positive latitudes like we're at positive latitude netive
yep on negative yeah what we would love to have yeah is an equally unambiguous zero zero for this
dire yes yes and uh we don't if I said um where is the Paris observatory in the past you would
say the Paris Observatory is X degrees uh east of the London Observatory but wouldn't it be nice
if you could have a zero so the everyone just um reference the same thing and you can say London is
here Paris is here instead of it you know always talking in terms of relative to this relative to
that it was a big vote in 1884 right where all the countries got together not all the countries a lot
of the countries got together had a big argument took a vote and where we're at right now one okay
yeah because Paris I mean the French have been using their own line we've been using our line
everyone else had different lines yeah and then they decided to be easy if we all use the same
one there you go you want to Mark us on there somewhere this is me taking a guess at what our
latitude right okay yes yes entally I'll put good enough great great great doc thank you I did it
across it's across from across this really oh excellent smudge so you're here yeah how do you
work out your latitude and longitude yeah so so you look at the stars you look at the stars right
okay yeah okay so turns out your latitude how far up you are is easy because if this is the Earth
and where in this fantastic room at the Royal Observatory grage there were like there are books
and things everywhere around this room around us yeah we can consider them to be the Stars imagine
they're the Stars they're the Stars they're the Galaxy around us okay oh relative to this
relative to this earth fine and yes the Earth is going around the Sun and all that jazz but that's
happening on such a small scale it doesn't make a difference oh I see so the the the fact that the
Earth is kind of moving that way and that way and this way and this way because of its orbit around
the sun doesn't matter because everything's so far away that they essentially don't move they
don't move we'll assume they're infinitely far away infinitely far away but but still visible
yes and so if you like if there's like a star over there where the camera is yeah and you're on the
equator yeah and you want to look at that star it's directly above you yeah cuz you're like you
got to look straight up cuz it's over there but if you were up here on this Dot and you look straight
up you're like I can't see that star I'm looking at a star over there yeah and then what you can
do is measure the difference between looking straight up over there and you're like I got to
turn my telescope all the way down some number of degrees to be able to look at that the same star
that was overhead here yeah yeah and the number of degrees you got to tilt it down latitude that's
great that's so good so you could use um to any any star that is on that equatorial line you could
use that as now I'm sure in practice this is much more complicated than I've made it out to be like
this is I'm sure there's a bunch of stars and we know the angles they should be and you measure the
angle you're looking at them with I don't know with like a a telescope and a seon or something
I don't know right but but you can work out that nice and easy yeah the question now is why doesn't
that work for working out how far because you think well should work for this line right CU
if you're on this line there's a star over there we're producing a CO yeah right directly above
and over here you're measuring the same angle so you just tilt until you're looking at that star
so the issue is you have to know what time it is well that yeah exactly the the issue is this
is happening all the time and the equator is fine that's not going anywhere yeah cuz that's defined
by being the middle of the axis of rotation yeah so that's staying fixed but this lines all over
the shop so so that that doesn't help you what you need to do is measure if you're here and
you've got the producer the cstar yeah you need to measure as you sweep above it what time is it
overhead yeah that's what this is all about now we're at the front of the telescope this is it
this is the telescope that did the timing and this is the point in the video where Steve gets very
excited by explaining what up is so okay the way you use this for timing is you're looking straight
up in the sky and the stars are very slowly sweeping across your eyepiece your field of view
and there are certain stars that are very bright and you use those for timing purposes you know
that this star is going to be at the very center of your eyepiece at a specific time so when that H
happens you mark it and you you set your clock and you know that's the specific time right but how
do you get the telescope to point exactly upwards and it's use something called a Zenith tube right
that's the name for something that points directly upwards and the way you would do it with this is
is you would use a mirror made of mercury so at some point the light that you focus is bounced
off a mirror and then you're looking at the light bounced off the mirror and because it's
made of mercury flat it's perfectly flat perfectly level that's right yeah so gravity local gravity
takes care of leveling the mirror because it's made of a liquid metal and so you know the the
normal line to that plane is always going to be vertically upwards according to gravity and the
great thing about local gravity famously can't be corrupted no exactly no impact from outside
influences other than the varying density of the Earth the fact of the Earth's a weird lumpy shape
well it is a weird lumpy shape but I mean so you can argue about what's the best definition of up
right I mean I would say the best definition of up is parallel lines to local gravity no the best
definition of up is goes through the center of the earth okay well that's a well that's a very
modern defition okay I think it's pretty good and the issue is uh you're up Mercury up Mercury up
does not go through the center of the earth yeah so if you take that line from local gravity and
you you you carry it on you draw it down through the Earth it will not pass through the very center
of the earth like the geometric center of the earth right or the center of mass of the Earth
it won't pass through that oh I would say it's the midpoint of the axis of rotation okay yeah
the center of the Earth all right yeah it doesn't pass through that anyway the local gravity line
and that causes some problems that's not even the first zero before this telescope there's one over
here so we've actually got a different line this used to I say used to be zero this still is zero
for the OS Maps is it so Bradley's meridian line Bradley's telescope yeah cuz they started in the
early 1800s before that telescope had been built and when you're building a new better telescope
they're like this one's getting a bit old you don't want to stop using it while you're putting
in the new ones they don't bother cuz this is the line is it didn't matter doesn't matter doesn't
matter and the line is the eyepiece so they're not going to faf around trying to get the ey piece in
the same place they just put in a new telescope over there oh yeah it' be real fat to line it up
yeah new line and this isn't the first line so all the way down there this so that was Bradley's Line
This is Haley's line of comet Fame right Haley haly no you can see this is getting less and less
like a telescope this further back in time you go more rudiment the telesc this is a tube attached
to a protractor same idea yeah and when Haley was using this this is the line that lines up
with this is the official reading protractor on this side oh okay so there there's there's this
line and people were doing stuff that way as well they every time they get a new better telescope
they just move it down a little bit so they got space to build it well in that sense it's nice
that the GPS zero keeps going that further that way this is cool look at this because so um we
were talking about having like a vertical upwards you know using a Mercury mirror but another way
of doing it which is much simpler is to just hang it you hang a tube so look it's uh hung from up
there there's even a plum line uh down here this wire hanging off a uh a mass hanging off this wire
you line it up with that and that's how you get vertically up with it's not as good as a Mercury
mirror but well this one was early 1700s yeah this was like 1720 they started putting this in and as
they got better and better the line just keeps moving that way to understand the issue now we
need to understand how you use this line to work out where you are right because this line is not
a line as we keep saying it's just a bunch of observations for exactly what time a particular
star a particular star goes overhead and you write that down we know this star goes overhead exactly
this time and this star at exactly EX ET ET right so we have all these incredible timings what we
actually have the Prime Meridian is just a bunch of reference times of stars that move relative to
the local noon at the prime meridian so if you're over here on your where's your smudge gone it's
so easy to see good work so what you're doing is working out what fraction of the day difference is
the time local time zones between you and grenwich yeah and that tells you what fraction the planet
around you are that's your number of degrees longitude great so all you're really doing and
this is why clocks were so important and there's a whole other story here about oh yeah Harrison
made some clocks yeah cuz you need as you're traveling around you can't like phone back yeah
this is pre radio waves yeah you've got to know what the time is in Greenwich while you're out and
about yes Steve then pointed out that I was not completely correct in what I just said and that
solar time zones are not exactly what we want you know so like okay you think about it right
the the sun needs to turn through a full turn for a day that's the way we think about it but
in that time the Earth has moved a little bit around the Sun so to get um back you've got to
turn a little bit more y so that you're facing the sun again right after after a full turn according
to the Stars you need to turn a little bit more because you've gone around the Sun a little bit
I should we do it with the globe yeah okay great right so if you start noon's there pointing at
the sun means they're pointing at the sun yeah you then do a whole rotation like this yeah but by the
time you get back here this is orbiting the Sun so it's actually over here now yeah and so it's not
pointing at the Sun at the sun it's got to go a little bit further yeah and so what we call a day
yeah is slightly longer yes than a day and just it's going to have to be something like 1 365th of
a day you have to add extra go get and when we're doing things relative to the Stars that's siderial
time is that how you pronounce it I called it side real time cuz that I've only ever seen it written
so that's what I said yeah I said side real time and my wife as an astronomer was like you mean
siderial time I suppose she knows yeah I'm like okay I'm going to have to consult an independent
astronomer yeah yeah yeah so yeah the reason you look at the stars and you get your timing
is you want siderial time okay so actually if you're out in the middle now I don't know the
practicalities of how they did this yeah I'm sure some people will know this in great detail
I feel like we're getting too far off the math path though okay fine that you want to get your
local time somewhere else and then compare it to this one okay great and you're right solar time
is terrible yeah we can all agree so here comes the problem if the telescope that was used to get
the timing of this line was off a bit I can't help but geometrically thinking of about that in terms
of it not going through the center of the earth yeah so if you're if you're you know you've got
a line pointing upwards just continue that line downwards it's going to ideally go through the
center of the Earth but um but not so I'm going to try and label that this is what I imagined
when you first told me all about this and this is what I think a lot of people are picturing
and for me this is what makes the most sense when you say they got up wrong yeah okay there it is so
so the plane now defined by okay so what I've done we'll do we'll do a spin yeah what I've done is if
if they're here imagine this overlaps perfectly If instead of looking straight that way you're
a little bit off you're going to Define This Plane which is no longer a great circle which
is off to the side yes right and that's what I was picturing when you were saying they're using
the wrong up yeah but actually this doesn't matter yeah because it's all about timing the
only difference was instead of looking directly above they were looking ever so slightly too far
ahead yeah in the future yeah so all their timings were just off by a tiny tiny amount that's right
so they were actually timing when the stars go overhead of a point about 100 met that way yeah
so they didn't actually do anything with this line yeah they did did another great circle which is
just ever so slightly tilted let me get let me get the exact number okay so there's the number
of degrees that's out divide that by 360 that's the the fraction of a day okay that we're off so
we just go with 24 hours times 24 is that many hours off it's that many minutes off it's that
many seconds off a third . 35 seconds so that's how long it takes that's how long it takes yeah
so for a third of a second we're over there it's so close so CL and for all purposes previously
it didn't matter no like it was so it was it was so incredibly close so in 1884 we voted
in this line yeah and we all agreed it was good enough which it was it was within the accuracy
of everything we were doing fine time advanced technology got better we had satellites we had
radar we could work out where things are much much more accurately eventually I think it was
like in the 1960s we started to notice there was a problem yeah and by then the tide was turning so
when this line was defined it was all defined by looking out at the stars yeah gradually over time
we did less looking out at the stars and more just looking back at the Earth Earth measuring
the Earth using satellites around the earth and they decided to draw a line at some point and
the name that the official body was called kept changing but at some point the powers
that be yeah had to just say stop looking at the stars and they made that final decision in 1984
oh wow 100 years later they stopped all Optical measurements of stars and made it 100% earth-based
but when they when they did that they try and match it up as best they can with the old looking
at the stars version and you think well why don't we just put zero here yeah you could just shift it
all around and decide that's where it's going to be well you'd have to convince every other
location on Earth to change their their GPS by 102 M or whatever it is yeah to solve one issue
and the one issue is tourist complaining they made the new system fit the old system as best as
possible yes because you've got a different lumpy gravity everywhere and you can shift this kind
of new definition around to try and make it fit here but then it's not going to fit there if here
it's not going to fit there you're kind of doing a weighted average of minimizing all the errors yeah
and gr lost 100 m i talk more about this and cover loads of other triangle Topics in my new book love
triangle which is out now in the USA you can see look it's very future mat with a copy in Central
Park that's exciting and thanks to everyone who pre-ordered the UK version we were a number one
best seller in the Sunday Times but what about the New York Times so if you pre-order the US version
of Love Triangle before it comes out on the 20th of August the fine people who are publishing it
at Riverhead uh they're running a sweep Stakes if you pre-order it absolutely anywhere you can
enter into to maybe win a Q&A with me online and definitely I will send you a customized virtual
bookmark I mean you got to print your own bookmark and buy your own book but the point is I will send
you a bookmark half of it will be me looking disappointed on the old line the nonzero line
and the other half of the bookmark will be me on the real line and I be holding something with your
name on it I feel like I can write some terrible python code to automate that I reckon I can get
that down to to ones of seconds per name so unless thousands of you sign up I'm starting to realize
the floor on the plan here you can contribute to the problem by pre-ordering the book absolutely
anywhere I will link to the site below where you can register your pre-order you will enter
the sweep stakes and you will definitely get a bookmark participants must be us residents 18 or
older other details on the website and yes if you did previously pre-order on Mas gear I will send
you the bookmark as well just cuz I appreciate your support that's pretty much it for the video I
mean we should you know the real heroes we should thank past Matt and Steve past Matt and Steve we
just want to say thank you so much for making this video possible yes thank you so much we're still
here on the prime meridian having a great time very much enjoyed visiting the Royal Observatory
Granite who very kindly let come in filming the line look at the telescopes had a great
time oh and thanks to Steve thanks to P Steve for joining here in the past at the observatory and
uh we're all in the past aren't we and people watching this video it's all in the past yeah
that's true we're all in the past some of us are less in the past than others and so thanks
to Future Matt and future Steve for joining in and that's it thanks for watching and W wave wave
wave all right okay you you check out Steve's Channel
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