Doing Philosophy
Summary
TLDRIn this whiteboard edition, the host delves into the fundamental concepts of philosophy, emphasizing the importance of questioning, contemplation, and logical argument construction. Philosophy is accessible to all, not just the academically trained, as it begins with wonder and perplexity. Gabrielle Marcel's distinction between primary and secondary reflection is highlighted, with the latter offering a holistic view of reality. The ability to construct and evaluate arguments is crucial for expressing and supporting philosophical claims, fostering objective thinking and understanding.
Takeaways
- 🤔 Doing philosophy involves asking questions, contemplating life's mysteries, and evaluating arguments rationally.
- 🎓 Philosophy is accessible to anyone who raises intelligent questions and engages in reflective and logical thinking, regardless of formal education.
- 🧐 Originating from wonder and perplexity, philosophy begins when one starts to think deeply about life's mysteries.
- 🤓 Philosophical reflection, as described by Gabrielle Marcel, is a deeply personal process that requires time to consider life's meaning and purpose.
- 🔍 There are two types of reflection: primary, which is fragmented and selfish, and secondary, which is holistic and genuine, integrating experiences into a coherent whole.
- 💭 Secondary reflection is essential for genuine philosophical thinking, as it respects the interconnectedness of life's experiences.
- 🔑 Philosophical reflection is a tool in doing philosophy that helps to see the bigger picture and our role in the world.
- 📐 Logical thinking is crucial for constructing and evaluating arguments, which is a key skill in philosophy.
- 📝 The ability to express and support claims rationally is a hallmark of doing philosophy properly.
- 🔗 Arguments are a systematic way to express thoughts clearly and logically, promoting agreement, harmony, and objective thinking.
- 🌟 The benefits of doing philosophy include deepening self-understanding, seeing reality's interconnectedness, and critically examining ideas.
Q & A
What does the act of doing philosophy involve according to the script?
-The act of doing philosophy involves asking questions, contemplating about the mystery of life, constructing arguments, and rationally evaluating them.
Is it necessary to have a philosophy degree to do philosophy?
-No, one does not necessarily need a philosophy degree to do philosophy. Anyone can do philosophy as long as they raise valid or intelligent questions, reflect meditatively, and argue in a logical manner.
What does Aristotle argue is the origin of philosophy?
-Aristotle, following Socrates, argues that philosophy begins in wonder or in the act of being perplexed.
What is philosophical reflection according to Gabrielle Marcel?
-Philosophical reflection, according to Gabrielle Marcel, is deeply personal and intimately anchored on day-to-day existence. It is the act of giving time to think about the meaning and purpose of life.
What are the two types of philosophical reflection as per Marcel's concept?
-The two types of philosophical reflection are primary reflection, which is fragmented and compartmentalized thinking, and secondary reflection, which is holistic and integrates fragmented experiences into a coherent whole.
Why is primary reflection considered selfish thinking by Marcel?
-Primary reflection is considered selfish thinking because it is instrumental thinking, focused on what can be practically gained from a relationship or situation.
How does secondary reflection differ from primary reflection in terms of human relations?
-Secondary reflection, in the context of human relations, does not think of what can be practically gained. It is based on the premise that the other person is a human being who deserves respect, care, and love.
What role does philosophical reflection play in doing philosophy?
-Philosophical reflection provides a holistic picture of reality, allowing us to see the interconnectedness and interdependence of people, actions, and events, as well as our direct relation to them.
Why is the ability to construct and evaluate arguments important in doing philosophy?
-The ability to construct and evaluate arguments is important in doing philosophy because it allows us to express our thoughts in a clear and logical manner, promoting agreement, harmony, and objective thinking.
What is an example of a valid or sound argument given in the script?
-The example given is: If all human beings are mortal (premise 1) and the President of the Republic of the Philippines is a human being (premise 2), then the President of the Republic of the Philippines is mortal (conclusion).
What are the benefits of being able to do philosophy in a meaningful way as outlined in the script?
-The benefits include deepening our understanding of ourselves and our role in the world, promoting agreement and harmony through clear and logical expression of ideas, and the ability to examine the ideas of others.
Outlines
🤔 Introduction to Philosophy and Reflection
This paragraph introduces the concept of doing philosophy, emphasizing that it involves asking questions, contemplating life's mysteries, and evaluating arguments rationally. It asserts that philosophy is accessible to anyone capable of raising intelligent questions and thinking logically. The script references Aristotle and Socrates, suggesting that philosophy begins with wonder and perplexity. Gabrielle Marcel's concept of philosophical reflection is introduced, distinguishing between primary and secondary reflection. Primary reflection is described as fragmented and selfish, focusing on practical gains in relationships, while secondary reflection seeks to understand life holistically, promoting genuine and unselfish thinking.
📚 The Importance of Argument Construction in Philosophy
The second paragraph delves into the significance of constructing and evaluating arguments in philosophy. It posits that expressing and supporting claims rationally is fundamental to philosophical discourse. The paragraph provides an example of a logical argument to illustrate how premises can lead to a valid conclusion. It underscores the importance of both philosophical reflection and argument construction as essential skills in philosophy. Reflection allows for a deeper understanding of experiences and reality, while argument construction enables the systematic and logical expression of ideas. The ability to evaluate arguments also facilitates the examination of others' ideas, contributing to the benefits of engaging in meaningful philosophical inquiry.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Philosophy
💡Philosophical Reflection
💡Primary Reflection
💡Secondary Reflection
💡Instrumental Thinking
💡Argument
💡Validity
💡Mortality
💡Rational Evaluation
💡Interconnectedness
💡Objectivity
Highlights
The act of doing philosophy involves asking questions, contemplating life's mysteries, and evaluating arguments rationally.
Philosophy is accessible to anyone who raises valid questions and reflects meditatively and logically.
Aristotle and Socrates argue that philosophy begins with wonder and perplexity, leading to thought and philosophizing.
Philosophical reflection, as described by Gabrielle Marcel, is deeply personal and connected to everyday existence.
Primary reflection is fragmented and compartmentalized, failing to make sense of life's mystery.
Secondary reflection integrates fragmented experiences into a coherent whole, allowing holistic thinking.
Secondary reflection is considered genuine and unselfish, focusing on respect, care, and love in human relations.
Philosophical reflection provides a holistic picture of reality, understanding interconnectedness and our role in the world.
Primary reflection's ability to think logically is essential for constructing and evaluating arguments in philosophy.
The ability to express and support claims rationally is a key characteristic of doing philosophy properly.
Constructing and evaluating arguments is crucial for expressing thoughts clearly and promoting objective thinking.
An example argument is provided to illustrate the process of logical reasoning in philosophy.
The validity of an argument depends on the truth of its premises and the logical connection to the conclusion.
Philosophical reflection and argument construction are necessary skills for a deeper understanding of experiences and reality.
The benefits of doing philosophy include deepening self-understanding, examining others' ideas, and promoting harmony.
The video aims to make the learning and understanding of philosophy easy through daily whiteboard editions.
The full transcript of the video is available for further reading and understanding of the discussed concepts.
Transcripts
hello Fela notes friends welcome back in
today's whiteboard edition I will
discuss the important concepts in doing
philosophy to provide the students in
philosophy with basic information that
would help them understand the
approaches to doing philosophy to begin
with the act of doing philosophy
necessarily involves the act of asking
questions contemplating about the
mystery of life and constructing
arguments and be able to rationally
evaluate them in the end
for this reason doing philosophy means
to ask questions to reflect in to
formulate and evaluate arguments in this
way one does not necessarily have to be
a graduate of a philosophy degree for
one to do philosophy anybody can do
philosophy as long as she raises valid
or intelligent questions reflects
meditatively and argues in a logical
manner if we recall the discussion of
the origin of philosophy Aristotle
following Socrates argue that philosophy
begins in wonder or in the act of being
perplexed as we already know when one is
perplexed as Aristotle would have us
believe one begins to think in a sense
one begins to philosophize now in doing
philosophy one needs to master an
important skill that is philosophical
reflection according to Gabrielle Marcel
whose notion of philosophical reflection
is deeply personal and is intimately
anchored on day-to-day existence
philosophical reflection is first and
foremost the act of giving time to think
about the meaning and purpose of life
[Music]
now there are two types of philosophical
reflection according to Marcel namely
primary reflection and secondary
reflection primary reflection is a kind
of thinking that calculates analyzes or
recounts past events in this way primary
reflection is fragmented in
compartmentalized thinking thus for
Marcel primary reflection cannot be a
genuine thinking because it failed to
make sense of the whole of the mystery
of life in other words primary
reflection is selfish thinking because
it is instrumental thinking as we
already know instrumental thinking is a
means and kind of thinking and applied
to human relations instrumental thinking
thinks only of what it can practically
get in a relationship for example one
may establish a relationship or
friendship with somebody who is rich so
that she may be able to borrow money in
times of need secondary reflection and
the other hand is characterized by the
act of recapturing the unity of the
original experience by gathering back
together what has been separated by the
primary reflection
thus secondary reflection allows us to
think holistically in this way
secondary reflection enables us to
integrate our fragmented and
compartmentalized experience into a
coherent whole
[Music]
this gives us the impression that
secondary reflection for Marcel is a
genuine or unselfish thinking and
applied to human relations secondary
reflection does not think of what it can
practically get in a relationship here
the human person establishes a
relationship with the other not because
of what she can get but is premised on
the idea that the other is a human
person that deserves respect care and
love and so when Marcel speaks of
philosophical reflection he specifically
refers to secondary reflection for this
reason philosophical reflection provides
us with a holistic picture of reality
thus philosophical reflection is a tool
in doing philosophy enables us to see
the interconnectedness and
interdependence of people actions and
events as well as our direct relation to
them indeed philosophical reflection as
a tool in doing philosophy allows us to
deepen our understanding of ourselves as
well as our role in place in the world
Marcel's notion of primary reflection
can be expressed most visibly in our
ability to think logically that is in
the ability of the mind to construct and
evaluate arguments for this reason
although it may appear as a kind of
selfish thinking when applied to human
relations primary reflection can be
considered as another important tool in
doing philosophy
one important characteristic of doing
philosophy properly is the ability to
express and support one's claim
rationally thus if we are not able to
justify our views or claims then we are
not doing philosophy for this reason in
doing philosophy we must learn how to
construct and evaluate arguments
properly for it is with the use of
arguments that we are able to express
our thoughts in a clear and logical
manner in this way we do not only
promote agreement and harmony but also
objective thinking let us consider this
argument as an example premise 1 all
human beings are mortal premise 2 but
the president of the Republic of the
Philippines is a human being
conclusion therefore the president of
the Republic of the Philippines is
mortal
in this argument we can see that if the
premises are assumed to be true then the
conclusion must also be true that is if
all human beings are indeed mortal and
that the President of the Republic of
the Philippines is a human being then we
have to accept the conclusion that the
president of the Republic of the
Philippines is mortal if we reject the
conclusion then we are making a logical
error since it is what the premise
entails since the premises of the
argument inevitably lead us to this
particular conclusion then the argument
is valid or sound argument indeed both
philosophical reflection and the
construction and evaluation of arguments
are some of the necessary skills that we
need in doing philosophy to reiterate
philosophical reflection on the one hand
enables us to look deeper into our
experiences and see the bigger picture
of reality on the other hand the
construction and evaluation of arguments
allows us to express our ideas in a
systematic and logical way furthermore
the ability to construct and evaluate
arguments allows us to examine the ideas
of other people in the end these are
some of the benefits of being able to do
philosophy in a meaningful way
[Music]
all right that's it for today
keep looking forward to our series of
daily whiteboard additions as we try to
make the learning and understanding of
philosophy incredibly easy thanks for
joining us today in this edition of our
daily whiteboard here at filo notes full
transcript of this video is available at
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until then thanks take care
[Music]
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