BADLIS RABE Research Colloquium Presentation

Summary

This study explores the use of sodium-modified Philippine natural zeolites (PNZ) for the consecutive removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from simulated municipal wastewater. The research aims to provide a natural and efficient wastewater treatment method, contributing to SDG 6 for clean water and sanitation. The modified zeolites showed enhanced absorption capacities and removal efficiencies, particularly for calcium and magnesium. The study recommends further research on the impact of other contaminants and optimization of parameters for improved absorption.

Takeaways

• 🌏 The world is facing an increase in wastewater generation, causing water pollution and affecting aquatic life, with phosphates being a major toxic pollutant contributing to eutrophication.
• 📈 In 2012, there was a significant rise in waste production and wastewater generation, yet only 5% of the Philippine population received proper wastewater treatment, indicating a pressing need for improved treatment methods.
• 🎯 The primary objective of the study is to develop and utilize sodium-modified Philippine natural zeolites (PNZ) for the consecutive removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from simulated municipal wastewater.
• 🧪 The study involves the preparation of sodium-modified zeolites by immersing them in a sodium carbonate solution, followed by washing and drying, to enhance their absorption capacity.
• 📊 The effectiveness of the modified zeolites was tested by analyzing their absorption capacity and removal efficiency for calcium, magnesium, and phosphates, using ionized water to simulate municipal wastewater.
• 📈 The results showed that the modified zeolites had a higher removal efficiency for calcium and magnesium compared to the unmodified PNZ, indicating the success of the sodium modification process.
• 📉 The absorption capacity of the modified zeolites decreased with increased solution concentrations, suggesting saturation points and the need for sufficient active sites for effective absorption.
• 🔬 The study used AES and other analytical methods to determine the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates in the samples, providing quantitative data on the absorption process.
• 📚 The research aligns with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by contributing to the development of more natural and efficient wastewater treatment methods.
• 🔍 The study's findings suggest that sodium-modified zeolites, particularly sodium calcium zeolite, are highly effective in phosphate removal, with potential applications in real-world wastewater treatment.
• 🔍 The kinetic models used in the study, specifically the pseudo-second-order model, indicate that the removal processes involve chemisorption and ion exchange, providing insights into the mechanisms of absorption.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the thesis study presented in the script?

The main objective of the study is to prepare and utilize sodium modified Philippine natural zeolites (PNZ) for the consecutive removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from simulated municipal wastewater.

Why are phosphates considered a toxic pollutant in municipal wastewater?

Phosphates are considered toxic pollutants because they contribute to the eutrophication of water, which can lead to excessive growth of algae and negatively impact aquatic life.

What was the state of wastewater treatment in the Philippines in 2012?

In 2012, only 5% of the population in the Philippines was able to receive proper wastewater treatment, indicating a significant issue with waste management and treatment in the country.

How were the sodium modified zeolites prepared in the study?

The sodium modified zeolites were prepared by immersing 5 grams of zeolite in 150 ml of a one molar sodium carbonate solution, which was then heated gently at 80°C for 4 hours. This process was repeated three times for a total modification time of 12 hours.

What method was used to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of the absorption process in the study?

The effectiveness and efficiency of the absorption process were analyzed by calculating the percent removal and absorption capacity of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates by the zeolites. Additionally, experimental data were fitted to pseudo first order (PFO) and pseudo second order (PSO) kinetic models.

How did the sodium modification affect the absorption capacity of the zeolites for calcium and magnesium removal?

The sodium modification significantly enhanced the absorption capacity of the zeolites for calcium and magnesium removal, as the modified zeolites showed at least a two-fold increase in absorption capacity compared to the unmodified PNZ.

What was the most effective absorbent for phosphate removal according to the study results?

The sodium calcium zeolite was the most effective and efficient absorbent for phosphate removal among the tested materials.

How does the initial concentration of calcium and magnesium in the solution affect the removal efficiency of the zeolites?

The removal efficiency decreases with an increase in the initial concentration of calcium and magnesium in the solution, suggesting that at higher concentrations, the number of active sites on the zeolites may be insufficient to remove the amount of present ions.

What does the FTIR spectroscopy analysis suggest about the changes in the zeolite framework after the modification and absorption processes?

The FTIR spectroscopy analysis suggests that the modification and absorption processes reduced the number of silicon-oxygen bonds in the zeolite framework, indicating changes in the zeolite's composition and structure.

What was the recommended future research direction mentioned in the script?

The script recommends future research to further examine the effectiveness and efficiency of sodium modified zeolites in consecutive calcium, magnesium, and phosphate removal using simulated municipal wastewater that includes other contaminants, similar to actual municipal wastewater. Additionally, studies could optimize parameters such as temperature and pH to improve the absorption process.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Innovative Wastewater Treatment with Modified Zeolites

The script introduces a thesis study on the consecutive removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from simulated municipal wastewater using sodium-modified Philippine natural zeolites. The study addresses the growing issue of water pollution caused by wastewater, particularly in the Philippines, where only a small percentage of the population receives proper wastewater treatment. The primary objective is to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of these modified zeolites in treating wastewater. The methodology involves characterizing the zeolites, modifying them with sodium carbonate, and testing their absorption capacity for the contaminants. The study aims to contribute to sustainable development goal six, clean water and sanitation, and offers a potential solution for a more natural and efficient wastewater treatment process.

05:00

📊 Analysis of Zeolite Modification and Contaminant Absorption

This paragraph delves into the results and discussion of the study, highlighting the changes in the zeolite's structure after modification and its impact on absorption efficiency. The modified zeolites showed a higher removal efficiency for calcium and magnesium compared to the unmodified ones, with the sodium modification enhancing the absorption capacity. The study also examined the effect of contact time on phosphate removal, revealing that the modified zeolites performed better across different concentrations. The absorption process was analyzed using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, indicating that chemisorption, an ion exchange process, was involved in the removal of these contaminants. The findings suggest that the modification process not only improves the zeolites' ability to remove contaminants but also provides insights into the absorption mechanisms.

10:02

🔬 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research

The final paragraph summarizes the study's main findings and provides recommendations for future research. The study successfully demonstrated the enhanced absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates by sodium-modified zeolites, with a particular emphasis on the effectiveness of the sodium calcium zeolite for phosphate removal. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fit for the experimental data, suggesting ion exchange as the primary removal mechanism. The study concludes that the modification of zeolites with sodium ions increases their chemical affinity and absorption capacity, making them efficient absorbents for wastewater treatment. It recommends further research to explore the effectiveness of these modified zeolites in treating actual municipal wastewater containing a variety of contaminants, as well as optimizing parameters like temperature and pH to improve the absorption process.

Keywords

💡Waste Water

Waste water refers to used water that has been discharged from homes, businesses, or industries. In the context of the video, it is a significant environmental concern due to its contribution to water pollution and the negative impact on aquatic life. The script discusses the increase in waste water generation and the need for effective treatment methods.

💡Phosphates

Phosphates are a type of pollutant commonly found in municipal waste water that contribute to eutrophication, a process that leads to excessive growth of algae and can harm aquatic ecosystems. The video's thesis study focuses on the removal of phosphates from waste water using sodium-modified zeolites.

💡Water Hardness

Water hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. High levels of these minerals can cause scale buildup and affect water quality. The script mentions water hardness as a contaminant issue that the study aims to address by removing calcium and magnesium from waste water.

💡Zeolites

Zeolites are naturally occurring or synthetic microporous minerals used in various applications, including water purification. In the video, Philippine natural zeolites are modified with sodium to enhance their ability to remove contaminants from waste water.

💡Sodium Modification

Sodium modification refers to the process of treating zeolites with sodium carbonate to improve their absorption capacity. The script describes this process as a way to increase the effectiveness of zeolites in removing calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from waste water.

💡Absorption Capacity

Absorption capacity is the measure of how much of a substance a material can absorb. The video discusses the absorption capacity of the modified zeolites in relation to their ability to remove specific contaminants from waste water.

💡Removal Efficiency

Removal efficiency is the effectiveness of a process in removing contaminants from a substance. The script provides data on the removal efficiency of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates by the modified zeolites, indicating their performance in waste water treatment.

💡Chemical Reaction Kinetic Models

Chemical reaction kinetic models are used to describe the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds. The script mentions the use of pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models to understand the absorption mechanisms of the contaminants by the zeolites.

💡FTIR Spectra

FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Spectra is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. The script refers to FTIR to characterize the composition of the zeolites before and after modification and absorption processes.

💡Ion Exchange

Ion exchange is a process in which ions are exchanged between a solid and a liquid. The script suggests that the removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates by the modified zeolites occurs through ion exchange, indicating a chemisorption process.

💡SDG Six

SDG Six refers to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 6, which is focused on ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. The script mentions that the study contributes to this goal by developing a method for waste water treatment.

Highlights

The study addresses the growing issue of wastewater pollution and its impact on aquatic life, focusing on the removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates from simulated municipal wastewater.

Only 5% of the population in the Philippines receives proper wastewater treatment, indicating a significant need for improved treatment methods.

The primary objective is to prepare and utilize sodium-modified Philippine natural zeolites (PNZ) for the consecutive removal of pollutants.

The study aims to analyze the effectiveness and capacity of sodium-modified PNZ in treating wastewater by examining absorption capacity and removal efficiency.

Chemical reaction kinetic models will be used to understand the absorption mechanisms involved in the process.

The research could contribute to achieving SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) through innovative wastewater treatment methods.

Philippine natural zeolite was sourced from Sealed Industries, Incorporated, and characterized using FTIR to assess composition.

Sodium modification of zeolites was performed using a sodium carbonate solution, enhancing their absorption properties.

Simulated municipal wastewater was prepared with specific concentrations of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

The absorption process involved adding zeolites to solutions and analyzing the concentration changes over time.

AES and ICP-OES were utilized for determining calcium, magnesium, and phosphate concentrations in the samples.

The study found that the removal efficiency decreases with an increase in initial concentration, suggesting saturation of active sites.

Sodium-modified zeolites showed significantly higher removal efficiency compared to unmodified PNZ for all initial concentrations.

The absorption capacity of modified zeolites was at least double that of unmodified PNZ, indicating the success of the modification process.

The study revealed that sodium modification decreased the silicon-to-aluminum ratio of PNZ, increasing the availability of active sites.

The sodium calcium zeolite was found to be the most effective in phosphate removal, outperforming other modified zeolites.

The PSO kinetic model best describes the absorption process, suggesting a chemisorption process involving ion exchange.

The study concludes that sodium-modified zeolites are effective for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and phosphates, with the PSO model fitting all experimental data.

Future research is recommended to examine the effectiveness of sodium-modified zeolites in real-world wastewater scenarios with multiple contaminants.

Optimization of parameters such as temperature and pH could further improve the absorption process, as suggested for future studies.

Transcripts

good day I Nicole K RAB together with

Miss Chanel audri will present our

thesis study titled consecutive removal

of calcium magnesium and phosphates from

simulated municipal waste water by

sodium modified Philippine natural

zoites the world has been experiencing

an increase in waste water generation

which causes water pollution affecting

the Aquatic Life one of the most

commonly found toxic pollutant in

Municipal Wastewater are phosphates

which contribute to the ufic of water

other contaminants present in waste

water are calcium and magnesium which

causes water hardness in 2012 there was

a rise in waste production leading to an

increase in Wastewater

generation however only 5% of the

population here in the Philippines was

able to receive a proper wastewater

treatment therefore it is evident that

Philippines still has trouble coming up

waste and treating waste

water with prob problem s arising from

waste water generation the primary

objective of this study is to prepare

and utilize sodium modified Philippine

natural xit for the consecutive removal

of calcium magnesium and phosphates from

simulated municipal waste water it

intends to analyze the effectivity and

capacity of the sodium modified pnz for

simulated rwater treatment by examining

and comparing the absorption capacity

and removal efficiency of calcium

magnesium and phosphates by the Zees in

addition it aims to determine the rate

of absorbit optic and understand the

absorption mechanisms that occur using

chemical reaction kinetic

models the result of this study will

have a significant application in

society because it implies that a more

natural and efficient way can be applied

for wastewater treatment this work can

serve as an additional frame or

reference for future research focusing

on the same area because only a small

number of Prior Studies have

concentrated on employing Philippine

zeolites this study will help fulfill

the objective of sdg six clean water and

sanitation through conducting a

wastewater treatment study the data

gathered are created and this study

could serve as a foundation for new

methods of treating waste water let us

move on to the methodology firstly the

Philippine natural zly or the pnz was

obtained from seale Industries

Incorporated and the chemicals used were

bought from GD Essentials and DM

Corporation the PNC was prepared by

washing them with distilled water and

drying them at 105° C for 14 hours

afterwards these zets were characterized

using the FTI to assess their

composition the zit were also

characterized after the modification and

after every absorption

process after the

characterization the na modified

zeolites were prepared by immersing 5 gr

of zeolite for every 150 ml of one molar

sodium carbonate solution this was

steered very mildly at 80°

C after 4 hours

the liquid was removed and a fresh batch

of solution was added this was again

done for a third time thus the

modification lasted for 12

hours the modified zeolites were washed

with the ionized water and the

dried next the simulated municipal waste

water was prepared by dissolving calcium

chloride magnesium chloride and

potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the

ionized water and diluting them to the

desired concentrations

now we proceed to the absorption of

calcium and magnesium 3.1 G of zeolites

were added to 50 mL of the calcium

chloride solution and 0.5 gr were added

to the Magnesium Solutions the flasks

were shaken in horizontal Shaker of 150

RPM and room

temperature to determine the

concentration of the solutions 10 mL

samples were withdrawn at different

times afterward the na ACA and the na mg

zeolites were rinsed and

dried the second absorption process is

for the phosphates removal 0.375 G of

the NACA and 0.875 G of the N mg

zeolites were added the separate 25 ml

phosphate

Solutions finally for data analysis AES

was used to determine the calcium and

magnesium concentrations in withdrawn

samples while the was used for the

phosphate Solutions

to determine the Effectiveness and

efficiency of the absorbance the percent

removal and absorption capacity were

calculated the experimental data was

also fitted to the pseudo first order

and pseudo second order kinetic models

to analyze the process the coefficient

of determination was used to evaluate

the goodness of fit of the

models here we have the results and

discussion shown in the slide is a

figure of the FD Specta of the

absorbance looking at the figure in the

right significant Val stretching around

the wave number of 10,0 were evident

which is deepest for the pnz and

shortest for the modified zeolite this

could be attributed to the presence of

silicon oxygen on the zeolite thus it is

suggested that the ending modification

and absorption of the Calum and

magnesium reduced the number of silicon

in the Zite framework furthermore the

appearance of Peaks around 1,000 were

evident in the Spectra of the zides that

absorb phosphates these are indicators

of the presence of po4 conserving a

successful absorption

process next the figures show how the

culture removal by the pnz and the

modified Zite change with time it can be

observed that the removal efficiency

decreases with an increase in the

initial

concentration this suggests that the

number of active sites may be

insufficient to remove the amount of

present calcium ions in the solutions

with higher concentrations within 180

minutes moreover it is evident that the

removal by the modified zolet is

significantly higher than that by the

pnz seeing as the former is at least

double of the latter for all initial

concentrations meanwhile the absorption

capacity of the pnz and the modified

Zite for Calum removal is presented in

the

figures it can be observed that the

absorption capacity of the modified

zeolit is lower at increased solution

concentrations since the concentration

gradient of the ions is High the

modified zeolite quickly reaches a

saturation point which lowers its

absorption

capacity moreover the modification is

shown to cause at least a two-fold

increase in the absorption capacity of

lyes for the absorption of magnesium the

percent removal by pnz and the sodium

modified zides are

shown results show that the modification

process enhanced the removal efficiency

of the pnz as the magnesium removal of

the sodium modified zeolites are

significantly higher than that of the

pnz and in this figures the Magnesium

absorption capacity of the absorbents at

different contact times is

shown similar to calcium absorption the

absorption capacity of the modified

zides is at least twice that of the

pnz the results of calcium and magnesium

absorption showed the sodium

modification significantly enhanced the

performance of the zal light es this is

because the sodium modification

decreased the Silicon to aluminum ratio

of the PNC as confirmed by the FTI

results presented earlier indicating a

higher proportion of aluminum and

silicon removal from the Zite framework

consequently additional negatively

charged sites became available which is

neutralized by the calcium and magnesium

ions in the solution furthermore the

internal surface area of the Zite might

have expanded and resulted in more entry

points in available active sites

allowing easier access into the internal

structure of the

seite the figures presented shows the

effect of contact time of phosphate

removal efficiency using pnz calcium

sodium calcium pnz magnesium and sodium

magnesium Zite at a concentration of 5

10 and 20 PPM the graph depicts that

equilibrium was achieved at 180 minutes

in addition it was observed that at

increasing contact time the presentation

removal also increases exhibiting ID

direct relationship an

11.45%

7.53% and

3.73% increase in removal deficiency was

observed for 5 10 and 20 PPM Solutions

when sodium calcium xite was utilized in

the absorption

process as for the pnz Magnesium there

is

6.35%

11.88% and

11.01% increase in the phosphate

percentage removal for five 10 and 20

PPM Solutions when sodium Magnum was

used with a constant increase in

percentage removal for sodium modified

zeolites it can be denoted that the

modification process enhances the

zeolites removal

efficiency comparing the results

obtained from using sodium modified

zeolites the sodium calcium zeolite is

most effective in the removal of

phosphate from the three solutions of

different concentrations while the pnz

Magnesium is the least effective the

absorption by the sodium calcium and

sodium magnesium Zite results in a final

concentration of 1 mgram per liter or

less which is within the influence

standards for discharge onto Class A B C

and D bodies of water as per the Dao

2016-08 the figure shows that at

increasing contact time and initial

concentration the absorption capacity

increases implying a linear relationship

between the three parameters this is

because molecular interactions between

the absorbate and absorbent increases

due to a higher possibility of collision

with increasing amounts of phosphate in

the solution results show that the

sodium calcium zeolite show the highest

absorption capacity this is because

after the calcium removal using the

sodium modified zeolites there was an

increase in the number of absorption

sites to which phosphate can

attach similar with the result for pnz C

and sodium calcium zeolite the

highest absorption capacity occurred

when sodium magnesium zeolite was

utilized however from the previous Slide

the sodium calcium absorption capacity

at 20 PPM is 13067 mg per G while the

absorption capacity for sodium magnesium

zeolite was 0.54 mg per gr at 20 PPM a

possible reason for this is that calcium

ions have higher affinity for forming

more generally stable precipitation

with phosphates than magnesium also

since magnesium ions are strongly

hydrated this hinders the interaction

and binding with

phosphates the figure in this slide

presents experimental data for calcium

absorption by pnz and sodium modified

zly fitted with PFO and PSO kinetic

models the results for removal by

both absorbents can be explained by the

PSO for all initial concentrations at it

has higher R squ values than PFO ppso

kinetic model suggests that a

chemisorption process occurs indicating

an ion exchange between the absorbents

and the absorbate additionally

absorption using absorbents abundant

with active sight such as modified

zeolites is a better fit for this model

this can be explained by The increased

active sight allowing calcium ions to

easily penetrate the surface of the

seites through strong chemical

interactions in terms of magnesium

absorption by PNC and sodium modified

zeolite it is evident that PSO is a

better Feit for the experimental data it

has higher correlation coefficient

values than PFO suggesting that PSO

confirms with absorption rates by both

absorbent it is indicated that the

removal of magnesium involves cut ion

exchange onto the Zite surface hence

chemisorption process was involved the

rate is also described with the

dependent heterogeneous sites on the

absorbent in the kinetic model for

removing phosphate using pnz calcium and

sodium calcium seite this study revealed

that the PSO model best describes the

absorption process this suggests that

the chemisorption process occurs during

phosphate removal the substitution of

calcium ions to pnz increased the

available absorption sites this allow

the absorbate to replace the calcium

ions due to its higher chemical Affinity

similarly sodium's calcium modified Z

demonstrated Effectiveness in the

chemical absorption process where the

pnz Frameworks to exchangeable ions

enhance the absorption process and

phosphate to interact with sodium ions

and calcium

ions the use of pnz magnesium and sodium

magnesium zeolites for removing

phosphate show that as the concentration

of phosphate increases the kinetic data

consistently match the PSO model by

modifying pnz and sodium modified zides

with magnesium ions their surface area

por size and active sides were enhanced

this indicates that the absorption of

phosphate using PNC magnesium and sodium

magnesium zeolites follow a

chemisorption process showing a

significant interaction between

phosphate ions and zeolites active sites

furthermore the modification process

with magnesium ions increases the

chemical Affinity of the zealite making

the modified zeolites readily available

for ION exchange with

phosphates in conclusion the main

objective of the study was to prepare

and utilize sodium modified pnz for the

consecutive removal of calcium magnesium

and phosphates from simulated municipal

waste water

results showed that the modification

enhanced the absorption of calcium

magnesium and phosphates however more

significant results were observed for

the removal of calcium and magnesium

moreover the NACA Zite was the most

effective and efficient absorbent for

phosphates and lastly the PSO is well

fitted with all experimental data thus

the removal of the ions occurred through

ion

exchange it is recommended that future

research could further examine the

effect Effectiveness and efficiency of

sodium modified zeolites in consecutive

calcium magnesium and phosphate removal

by using simulated municipal waste water

in which other contaminants are present

similar to actual municipal waste water

this can help analyze the effect of

other ions in the absorption of the

contaminants furthermore studies can be

conducted to improve the absorption

process by optimization of different

parameters such as temperature and pH

that is all for our presentation thank

you for listening