How I read a paper!
Summary
TLDRIn this episode of Sketchy EVM, Anthony Croco shares his efficient method for reading research papers. He emphasizes the importance of the methods and results sections for objective information, while advising to skip the potentially biased introduction and conclusion sections. Croco suggests using resources to understand the gold standard of research methodology, and encourages viewers to draw their own conclusions based on the findings presented.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video is a guide on how to efficiently read research papers by Anthony Croco, who is an 'IBM nerd'.
- 🔍 Anthony suggests starting with the title and abstract to determine the paper's relevance to one's interests or needs.
- 🚫 If the paper isn't relevant, he advises discarding it and moving on, saving time for more pertinent research.
- 📘 He emphasizes that the methods section is crucial and should be thoroughly reviewed for research design and potential biases.
- 📚 Anthony recommends using resources like the 'Users' Guide to the Medical Literature' to understand the gold standard in research methodology.
- ✅ If the methodology is sound and generalizable, he continues reading; otherwise, he stops engaging with the paper.
- 📊 The results section is another key part that should be read in detail to understand what the authors found.
- 💭 He advises skipping the discussion section as it contains the authors' opinions and may not be as objective.
- 🔚 The author's conclusions are also subjective and can be compared with one's own conclusions drawn from the results.
- 🧐 Anthony's approach focuses on extracting objective information from the methods and results, avoiding subjective content.
- 🔍 Future episodes of 'Sketchy GBM' will delve into specific research types and how to discern quality within them.
Q & A
What is the main purpose of the video 'Sketchy EVM' by Anthony Croco?
-The main purpose of the video is to share Anthony Croco's method for efficiently reading and understanding research papers.
Why can reading research papers be a daunting task?
-Reading research papers can be daunting due to the time and effort required to go through them, especially when one is not familiar with the topic or the research methodology.
What are the six common sections of a research paper according to Anthony Croco?
-The six common sections of a research paper are the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and author's conclusions.
Why does Anthony Croco suggest skipping the introduction section of a research paper?
-He suggests skipping the introduction because it may not provide an unbiased review of the topic and is more about the authors' background information rather than justifying the research.
What does Anthony Croco consider the most important part of a research paper and why?
-Anthony Croco considers the methods section the most important part of a research paper because it details the research design and helps identify any methodological errors, signs of bias, or issues of generalizability.
What resources does Anthony Croco recommend to guide one through the process of evaluating research papers?
-He recommends resources such as the Users' Guide to the Medical Literature and the JAMA Evidence series to understand the gold standard for research methodology.
How does Anthony Croco approach the results section of a research paper?
-He believes the results section should be read in detail as it provides enough information for one to draw their own conclusions.
Why does Anthony Croco generally not read the discussion section of a research paper?
-He does not read the discussion section because it contains the authors' opinions and interpretations of the results, which he considers subjective and not necessary after having drawn one's own conclusions from the results.
What does Anthony Croco advise about the author's conclusions in a research paper?
-He advises that the author's conclusions offer a counterpoint to the reader's own conclusions drawn from the results and should not be the primary source of interpretation.
What are the two parts of a research paper that Anthony Croco believes should be mostly objective?
-Anthony Croco believes the methods and results sections of a research paper should be mostly objective as they provide the factual basis for the study.
What future plans does Anthony Croco have for the 'Sketchy GBM' series?
-In future episodes of 'Sketchy GBM', Anthony Croco plans to look at specific research types and teach viewers how to distinguish good research from bad.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Research Paper Reading Strategy
Anthony Croco, the host of 'Sketchy EVM', introduces his method for efficiently reading research papers, a task that many find daunting due to the time and effort required. He emphasizes that while it's not a one-size-fits-all approach, it has been effective for him in most cases. Research papers typically follow a standard structure of six sections: title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. The host's strategy involves a selective reading process that focuses on the most relevant and objective parts of a paper.
🔍 Selective Reading: Title and Abstract
The first step in Anthony's approach is to review the title and abstract to determine the paper's relevance to his interests or needs. If the paper is not relevant, he discards it and moves on. This selective process helps in quickly filtering out papers that are not pertinent to the reader's focus, saving time for more relevant research.
❌ Skipping Introduction for Efficiency
Anthony advises skipping the introduction section, as it often contains the authors' biases and is not an unbiased review of the topic. Instead, he suggests focusing on the methods section, which he considers the most crucial part of a research paper. This section should be scrutinized for research design, methodological rigor, potential bias, and generalizability.
🔬 Importance of the Methods Section
The methods section is where Anthony spends most of his time, looking for signs of methodological soundness and potential bias. He recommends having resources at hand, such as the 'Users' Guide to the Medical Literature' or the 'JAMA Evidence Series', to guide the evaluation of research methodology. If the methodology is not satisfactory, he suggests discarding the paper and moving on.
📊 Detailed Review of Results
After ensuring the paper's methodology is sound, Anthony moves on to the results section, which he believes should be read in detail. The results should provide enough information for readers to draw their own conclusions independently of the authors' interpretations.
🤔 Discussion Section: Authors' Opinions
In the discussion section, authors provide their interpretations of the results, which Anthony views as their personal opinions. Since readers should form their own conclusions based on the results, he generally does not read this section, focusing instead on the objective data presented earlier in the paper.
📝 Conclusions: Authors' Summaries vs. Reader's Insights
The final section of a research paper contains the authors' conclusions, which Anthony sees as a counterpoint to the reader's own conclusions drawn from the results. He emphasizes that the methods and results sections are the most objective parts of a paper, while other sections may contain subjective content and potential bias. Anthony's approach is to focus on the objective information and avoid being influenced by the authors' subjective interpretations.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Research Papers
💡Randomized Control Trial
💡Systematic Review
💡Meta-Analysis
💡Title and Abstract
💡Introduction Section
💡Methods Section
💡Results Section
💡Discussion Section
💡Author's Conclusions
💡Bias
Highlights
Anthony Croco introduces his method for efficiently reading research papers, emphasizing the common challenge faced by many.
Most research papers are structured into six sections: title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions.
The title and abstract help determine the paper's relevance to the reader's interests or needs.
The introduction section provides background but may not offer an unbiased review of the topic.
The methods section is crucial for evaluating research design, potential biases, and generalizability.
Resources like the 'Users' Guide to the Medical Literature' can assist in understanding research methodology.
If the methods are unsatisfactory, it may be best to stop reading the paper and move on.
The results section should contain enough information for readers to draw their own conclusions.
The discussion section represents the authors' opinions and context for the results, which may not be read if the reader prefers to form their own opinion.
The authors' conclusions offer a counterpoint to the reader's own conclusions drawn from the results.
The methods and results sections are the most objective parts of a research paper.
Other sections may contain biases and are more subjective.
Croco suggests focusing on the objective information and avoiding subjective content.
Future episodes of Sketchy GBM will cover specific research types and how to discern quality.
The importance of evaluating research papers critically and drawing one's own conclusions is emphasized.
Sketchy GBM encourages viewers to take the time to evaluate research and form their own opinions.
Transcripts
hey hey welcome to sketchy EVM as always
I'm your host Anthony croco and today I
want to go through how I read most
research papers it's not uncommon that
we get stuck having to read research
papers either because you're an IBM nerd
like me or you're doing journal club or
you have a clinical question at some
point you're going to get stuck reading
a research paper and this can really be
a daunting task you have a lot to go
through and you know it's going to take
a lot of time and a lot of effort I want
to share with you how I efficiently get
through research papers now this isn't
going to work for you all the time with
all papers and sometimes you have to go
through everything in detail but it
works for me most of the time the good
news is most research papers whether
it's a randomized control trial or a
systematic review meta-analysis or
whatever are divided into the same six
sections you have your title and
abstract your introduction your methods
the results section the discussion and
then finally the author's conclusions so
here's my average approach I'll look at
the title and abstract to answer one
question is this topic in paper at all
relevant to me or not if the answer is
yes then I move on to read the rest of
the paper if the answer is no I throw
the paper and move on with my life
next is the introduction section what
you have to remember about the
introduction section is the author's are
trying to provide some background
information what the introduction is not
is a systematic review on the topic the
authors may or may not be providing
information in the introduction section
that really justifies the rest of the
research it's not necessarily an
unbiased review of the topic knowing
this I usually skip the introduction the
next section is the methods section I
consider this to be the most important
part of a research paper and I spend a
lot of time looking through the methods
section what I'm looking for is what was
the research design were there any
method logic errors any signs of bias
that might have been generated issues of
generalizability all these things are
going to be important I do like to have
some resource on hand to help guide me
through this process and whether that's
the users guide to the medical
literature that the Jama evidence series
puts out or some other resource it's
important that you know what the gold
standard
for research methodology is and this
will apply for the next section as well
if I'm happy that the quality of the
research paper is good I'm going to
continue on reading the rest of the
paper if I'm not happy with the
methodology or not happy that it can be
generalizable to my patient population
I'm done with a research paper and I can
move on with my day the next section is
the results section and I think this one
needs to be read in detail as well the
results section should give you enough
information for you to draw your own
conclusions
next is the discussion section here the
authors are trying to give you the
context for the results and really kind
of tell you what the value of their
research was this is their opinion only
and as such I generally don't read the
discussion section finally we have the
author's conclusions here the authors
are providing their opinion and their
conclusions from their results since by
this point you've already read the
author's results and drawn your own
conclusions the author's conclusions
only offer a counterpoint for those
you've already made at the end of the
day there are really only two parts of
the research paper that should be mostly
objective the methods section and the
results section sadly all the other
sections are highly edited and likely to
be peppered with bias at the end of the
day what do I want you to know about how
I read a paper well by and large I look
for the objective information in a
research paper and stay clear of the
subjective content our objective
information is going to come from the
methods and results section I want to
know what did the authors do and what
did they find since we can think for
ourselves we can draw our own
conclusions in future episodes of
sketchy GBM we'll take the time to look
at specific research types and how to
tell the good the bad from the ugly I
hope you enjoyed this episode of sketchy
GBM please do take the time to evaluate
and as always draw your own conclusions
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