Pembuatan SADT Pemeriksaan Hitung Jenis Leukosit

Summary

This practical video guides students through the preparation and analysis of peripheral blood smears. It covers step-by-step procedures for making a blood smear, fixing and staining it with Giemsa, and examining it under a microscope. Students learn to assess erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes for morphology, size, and structure. Detailed instructions are provided for identifying six types of normal leukocytes—eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils (segment and band), monocytes, and lymphocytes—and performing leukocyte differential counts. The video emphasizes proper technique, observation zones, and standardized assessment methods, helping students gain hands-on skills in hematology and accurate interpretation of blood cell characteristics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The practical session focuses on preparing a peripheral blood smear, identifying leukocyte types, and performing a leukocyte differential count.
• 😀 Equipment required includes microscope slides, cover slips, alcohol swabs, pipettes, and a microscope; reagents include methanol, Giemsa solution, and distilled water.
• 😀 Blood is collected from a fingertip and spread on a slide at a 45° angle using a spreader slide to create a thin smear.
• 😀 The smear is fixed with methanol for at least 5 minutes, then stained with Giemsa for 20 minutes, and rinsed with distilled water before air drying.
• 😀 A good smear has a gradual thinning from head to tail, is free from tears, and shows clear staining of leukocyte nuclei.
• 😀 Peripheral blood smear zones are divided into six, with zones 4, 5, and 6 being used for cell observation and counting.
• 😀 Red blood cells are evaluated for size, shape, color, and inclusion bodies; normal RBCs are biconcave, 7-8 µm in diameter, and lack nuclei or granules.
• 😀 Platelets are assessed for number, size, and distribution using the Barbara Brown method; normal platelets are 1-4 µm and lack nuclei.
• 😀 Leukocyte assessment includes estimating total count, performing differential counts, and evaluating morphology; normal reference ranges are 20-30 leukocytes per field.
• 😀 Six types of normal leukocytes are described: neutrophil (segmented and band), lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and Yoshino cell, with distinct sizes, nuclear shapes, and cytoplasmic granules.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of this practical session?

The main purpose is to enable students to prepare peripheral blood smears, identify different types of leukocytes, and perform differential leukocyte counts.

What are the key materials needed for preparing a peripheral blood smear?

The key materials include glass slides, a spreader slide, pipette, alcohol swabs, tissues, methanol, Giemsa solution, and distilled water.

Describe the correct procedure for making a blood smear on a slide.

Place a drop of blood on the edge of a clean slide, hold another slide at a 45° angle to touch the drop, then push the spreader forward smoothly to spread the blood into a thin film and air-dry.

How should the blood smear be fixed and stained?

Cover the smear with methanol for at least 5 minutes to fix it, then stain it with Giemsa solution for 20 minutes. Rinse gently with distilled water and allow it to air-dry.

What criteria define a good peripheral blood smear under the microscope?

A good smear has a gradual thinning from head to tail, is neither too thick nor too thin, the edges are intact, and the staining allows clear visualization of leukocyte nuclei and cytoplasm.

Which zones of the smear are typically used for leukocyte examination?

Zones 4, 5, and 6 are used for leukocyte examination, as they provide optimal distribution of cells for counting and identification.

What are the characteristics of normal erythrocytes in a smear?

Normal erythrocytes are biconcave discs, 7-8 micrometers in diameter, 1-2 micrometers thick, with a central pale area, no nucleus, no granules, and no cytoplasmic inclusions.

How is platelet count estimated using the Barbara Brown method?

Platelets are counted in several fields under a 100x objective, averaged, and then multiplied by 20,000 to estimate the total count.

What are the six types of leukocytes identified in a normal peripheral blood smear?

The six types are neutrophil (segment and band), lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, and Yoshino cells.

How can neutrophils be differentiated from each other in a smear?

Segmented neutrophils have 2–5 nuclear lobes connected by chromatin strands, while band (or staff) neutrophils have a less segmented, rod-shaped nucleus. Both have blue cytoplasm with fine purple granules.

What are the distinguishing features of lymphocytes and monocytes in a blood smear?

Lymphocytes are 10–15 micrometers with a large, round nucleus occupying most of the cell and minimal blue cytoplasm. Monocytes are the largest leukocytes (12–15 micrometers), with a kidney-shaped or horseshoe nucleus and purple cytoplasm.

Why is oil immersion used at 1000x magnification during examination?

Oil immersion increases resolution and clarity, allowing detailed visualization of leukocyte morphology and accurate identification of different cell types.