Perkembangan Ekonomi pada masa Orde Baru

Summary

The video script outlines Indonesia's economic development through three key phases: the Old Order, New Order, and Reform Era. It focuses on the New Order, which began in 1966 under President Soeharto. The New Order prioritized economic stabilization and infrastructure rehabilitation, successfully reducing inflation and restoring physical infrastructure. The government's long-term economic policies, like the Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita), emphasized agriculture, industry, and export-oriented sectors. By the end of the New Order in 1998, Indonesia had experienced significant economic growth, although challenges persisted.

Takeaways

• 😀 The development of Indonesia can be divided into three main phases: the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era.
• 😀 The New Order era replaced the Old Order, beginning with the issuance of a decree on March 11, 1966.
• 😀 The New Order period lasted from 1966 to 1998 and saw rapid economic growth in Indonesia.
• 😀 The New Order government focused on economic development, driven by the dire economic conditions at the time.
• 😀 Economic development during the New Order was based on the principles of Pancasila, aiming to create a just and civilized society.
• 😀 The New Order introduced two main economic policies: short-term and long-term strategies.
• 😀 Early on, President Soeharto faced significant economic challenges, including the need for rehabilitation and stability.
• 😀 Stabilizing the economy meant controlling inflation, which was initially at 650%, eventually reducing to 120% by 1969.
• 😀 The New Order prioritized repairing infrastructure and stabilizing the economy before implementing long-term development programs.
• 😀 The government initiated the Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita) starting in 1969, focusing on infrastructure, investment, and agricultural development.

Q & A

What are the three major phases in Indonesia's development mentioned in the script?

The three major phases in Indonesia's development are the Old Order (Orde Lama), the New Order (Orde Baru), and the Reform Era (Masa Reformasi).

How did the New Order period in Indonesia begin?

The New Order period began with the issuance of the March 11, 1966 decree, marking the transition from the Old Order to the New Order under President Soeharto's leadership.

What was the primary focus of the New Order's economic program?

The primary focus of the New Order's economic program was economic development, specifically improving the critical condition of Indonesia's economy at the start of the era.

What was the state of Indonesia's economy at the beginning of the New Order period?

At the beginning of the New Order period, Indonesia's economy was in a poor state, which required significant efforts to stabilize and rehabilitate.

What were the two main economic policies adopted by the New Order government?

The two main economic policies adopted by the New Order were long-term and short-term economic plans.

What were the primary goals of the early New Order economic policies?

The primary goals were to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy, which included addressing inflation and repairing damaged infrastructure.

What was the inflation rate at the beginning of the New Order, and how was it reduced?

The inflation rate at the beginning of the New Order was 650%, which was reduced to 120% by 1969 through effective economic measures.

What was the focus of the First Five-Year Development Plan (Repelita 1)?

Repelita 1, launched in 1969, focused on rehabilitating critical infrastructure and creating an environment conducive to business and investment.

What role did agriculture play in the New Order's development plans?

Agriculture played a central role, particularly in the early stages, with the aim of boosting agricultural production and ensuring food security.

What were the key focuses of the later Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita 2-5)?

Repelita 2 focused on national stability and economic growth, Repelita 3 emphasized agricultural and industrial growth, Repelita 4 aimed to improve industrial exports, and Repelita 5 continued industrial growth and technology development.