Formação de Palavras por Composição [Prof Noslen]

Summary

In this engaging and humorous lesson on Portuguese morphology, the speaker explains the structure and formation of words. Key concepts such as morphemes (radicals, affixes, and thematic vowels) are introduced, and two main word formation processes are explored: composition (combining two or more roots) and derivation (modifying a single root). The video also covers the types of composition, including juxtaposition (no phonetic change) and agglutination (with phonetic loss), as well as hybridism (mixing words from different languages) and acronyms. The teacher makes learning fun by using relatable examples and lively explanations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video introduces the concept of morphology, focusing on how words are formed and constructed in the Portuguese language.
• 😀 Morphemes, the smallest structural units in words, are key to understanding how words are formed. The main types of morphemes include radical, affixes (prefix and suffix), and thematic vowels.
• 😀 The radical is the core part of the word that remains unchanged when making derivations, such as 'terra' (earth) and 'terrestre' (earthly).
• 😀 Affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are also essential components that help in the word construction process.
• 😀 Thematic vowels are the first vowel that joins the radical to form a word, such as 'terra' (earth) or 'flor' (flower).
• 😀 Word formation processes include composition (using more than one root) and derivation (working with a single root).
• 😀 Composition involves combining multiple roots to create new words, such as 'guarda-chuva' (umbrella) formed from 'guarda' (guard) and 'chuva' (rain).
• 😀 Two types of composition are discussed: composition by juxtaposition (joining words without phonetic changes, like 'girassol' or sunflower) and composition by agglutination (joining words with phonetic changes, like 'planalto' or plateau).
• 😀 Agglutination results in phonetic changes or loss of letters when forming words, as seen in examples like 'vinagre' (vinegar) from 'vinho' (wine) and 'acre' (acre).
• 😀 The concept of hybridism is introduced, where words are formed by combining elements from different languages, such as 'automóvel' (automobile) combining Greek and Latin roots.
• 😀 Acronyms are formed by taking the initial letters of words to create new terms, like 'USP' for 'Universidade de São Paulo' (University of São Paulo).
• 😀 The video concludes with a reminder that understanding word formation through morphology helps improve vocabulary and writing skills in the Portuguese language.

Q & A

What is morphology in the context of the Portuguese language?

Morphology is the study of the formation and construction of words. It focuses on understanding the smallest units that make up a word, called morphemes, which include roots, prefixes, suffixes, and thematic vowels.

What is a 'morpheme'?

A morpheme is the smallest structural unit of a word that carries meaning. It can be a root, prefix, suffix, or even a thematic vowel.

What is a 'radical' in morphology?

The radical is the most important part of a word, serving as the base to which prefixes and suffixes are added. It typically remains unchanged when words are derived or modified.

How does a prefix or suffix contribute to word formation?

Prefixes and suffixes are types of morphemes that are added to a root word to modify its meaning or create a new word. For example, adding 'ling' to 'earth' forms 'earthling'.

What is a 'thematic vowel'?

A thematic vowel is the first vowel that joins the root of a word. It serves as a connector, such as 'a' in 'terra' or 'o' in 'mundo'.

What are the two processes of word formation discussed?

The two main processes of word formation are 'composition' and 'derivation'. Composition involves combining two or more roots to form a new word, while derivation works with a single root and adds prefixes or suffixes.

What is the difference between 'composition by juxtaposition' and 'composition by agglutination'?

Composition by juxtaposition involves combining two roots without any phonetic change (e.g., 'guarda-chuva' for umbrella), while composition by agglutination involves combining roots where phonetic changes or losses occur (e.g., 'planalto' from 'plano' and 'alto').

Can you give an example of hybridism in word formation?

Hybridism is when words from different languages are combined to form a new word. For example, 'automobile' comes from the Greek 'auto' (self) and the Latin 'mobilis' (movable).

What is 'tocéia' in language, and how is it used?

Tocéia is the attempt to represent sounds in writing. It includes words that mimic sounds, like 'knock-knock' or 'reco-reco', which represent the noises made by knocking on a door or the sound of a musical instrument.

What is an acronym, and how is it formed?

An acronym is a word formed from the initial letters or parts of a phrase or name. For example, 'USP' stands for 'Universidade de São Paulo', and 'Bovespa' stands for 'Bolsa de Valores do Estado de São Paulo'.