زاهي حواس يرد على الملحدين ويكشف السر: لماذا لم تَرد أسماء الأنبياء وقصة الخروج في الآثار الفرعونية؟

Summary

The video script discusses skepticism about the historical accuracy of the story of Moses and the presence of the Israelites in ancient Egyptian records. It highlights the conflict between religious narratives and archaeological evidence, emphasizing the pharaohs' portrayal as deities and the implausibility of recording their defeats. The speaker argues that while there is no direct mention of Moses or the Israelites in Egyptian inscriptions, indirect evidence and historical analysis suggest their existence. The script also touches on the importance of understanding ancient cultures' perspectives and the ongoing nature of archaeological research.

Takeaways

• 🕵️‍♂️ The speaker discusses skepticism about the historical accuracy of the story of Moses and the presence of the Israelites in ancient Egyptian records, suggesting that such records are often missing due to the conflict with the Pharaonic ideology of divine kingship.
• 📜 The script mentions that ancient Egyptian kings had to follow a program that did not allow for the presence of prophets of God, as it would undermine the concept of the 'Pharaonic god'.
• 🤔 The speaker raises the question of why there is no mention of prophets in Egyptian archaeological findings, arguing that it is because the kings had to be portrayed as victorious to maintain their divine status.
• 📚 It is pointed out that only 30% of archaeological findings have been discovered, leaving a significant chance that evidence of the story of Moses and the Israelites could still be unearthed.
• 🌊 The script discusses the improbability of the story of the parting of the Red Sea and the drowning of the Egyptian army being recorded in Egyptian records, as it would be a direct contradiction to the Pharaonic narrative of invincibility.
• 📝 The speaker refers to the mention of 'Israel' in a stele of Merneptah, suggesting that it indicates the existence of the Israelites at that time, although there is scholarly debate about the interpretation of the inscription.
• 👥 The argument is made that the number of Israelites who left Egypt, often cited as 2 million, is likely exaggerated and that they were probably a much smaller group, which would make archaeological evidence harder to find.
• 🏛 The script mentions that archaeological evidence for the Israelites in Sinai is scarce, which is puzzling given the large number of people supposedly involved in the exodus.
• 📖 The speaker recommends the book 'The Historical Existence of the Prophets' by Dr. Sami Gamri for its extensive evidence supporting the historical existence of the prophets and addressing archaeological discrepancies.
• 🔍 The importance of understanding the nature of ancient pagan thought and its impact on historical records is highlighted, as well as the need to consider what is not found in addition to what is found in archaeological research.
• 🙏 The script concludes with a call to prayer for the benefit of the speaker, the author of the book mentioned, and for an open-minded approach to the discussion of historical evidence related to religious figures.

Q & A

Why do atheists doubt the historicity of Moses and the presence of Israelites in Egypt?

Atheists doubt these historical claims due to the lack of direct evidence in ancient Egyptian artifacts and the repeated assertions by figures like Zahi Hawass that such records do not exist in pharaonic inscriptions.

What is Zahi Hawass's stance on the absence of records about Moses and the Israelites in ancient Egyptian artifacts?

Zahi Hawass argues that it is impossible to find such records because acknowledging Moses or the Israelites would contradict the pharaonic belief in the divine nature of the Pharaoh, which did not allow for the recording of such events.

Why is it unlikely to find references to prophets in ancient Egyptian artifacts?

In ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh had to portray himself as a god who built tombs and temples, defeated enemies, offered sacrifices, and united Egypt. Mentioning prophets would conflict with this divine image, and thus, their stories were not included in the artifacts.

How do we know about the Hyksos according to the script?

We know about the Hyksos because a student at the Karnak school heard stories about them and wrote them down. This highlights how historical events were sometimes recorded by chance rather than systematically.

What percentage of Egyptian artifacts have been discovered, according to the script?

Only about 30% of Egyptian artifacts have been discovered, leaving 70% yet to be found, which suggests there is still a significant potential for new historical discoveries.

Why are the significant events during the Exodus not mentioned in Egyptian records?

Such events are not mentioned because they would depict the Pharaoh as being defeated, which contradicts the pharaonic ideology where the Pharaoh must always be victorious to maintain his divine status.

What does the script say about the mention of Israelites in the Merneptah Stele?

The script mentions that the Merneptah Stele includes a reference to 'Israel,' indicating that they were a people rather than a state and that they were defeated by Pharaoh. This suggests that the Israelites existed during the time before Merneptah.

What archaeological evidence exists for the presence of Israelites outside of Egypt?

Archaeological evidence such as the Moabite Stone, the Seal of Isaiah, and the Tel Dan inscription supports the biblical narrative and mentions figures and events consistent with the Israelites' presence in the Levant.

How does the script address the issue of the large number of Israelites during the Exodus?

The script suggests that the traditionally cited number of 2,000,000 Israelites is an exaggeration. Given the conditions and the time frame, a smaller group is more plausible, which would also explain the lack of extensive archaeological evidence.

What is the script's conclusion about the historical validity of the Exodus narrative?

The script concludes that while the absence of certain records in Egyptian artifacts is due to ideological reasons, there is enough external archaeological evidence to support the historical basis of the Exodus narrative. It also emphasizes that future discoveries might provide further confirmation.