Make it Stick - P. Brown, M.McDaniel & H.Roediger III [Mind Map Book Summary]

Summary

В этом видео мы рассматриваем 'Make it Stick: The Science of Successful Learning'. Авторы делятся стратегиями, которые помогут вам лучше учиться и запоминать информацию. Отбросив общие методы изучения, такие как повторное чтение и массовые тренировки, представлены эффективные, но не интуитивные техники, основанные на исследованиях. В частности, рассматривается важность затруднений для усвоения, ретроспективного изучения и развития умений с использованием динамического тестирования. Также затрагивается влияние уверенности в собственную способность на успех в обучении.

Takeaways

• 📚 «Make It Stick» - книга о том, как улучшить способность запоминать и применять новое знание.
• 🧠 Основные методы обучения, которыми пользуются многие, часто неэффективны и не научные.
• 🔄 Самое эффективное средство - это повторное извлечение информации из памяти, так называемый эффект тестирования.
• 📈 Практика с интервалами и повторением укрепляет знания и формирует сильные нейронные связи в мозге.
• 🤔 Для глубокого обучения необходимо уделять внимание сложным и вызывающим интерес упражнениям, а не простому повторению.
• 🌐 При обучении важно строить связи между новым материалом и тем, что уже известны, для более прочного запоминания.
• 👨‍🏫 Объяснение новых знаний другим - отличный способ усилить свои собственные понимание и запомнить информацию.
• 📉 Тесты могут быть неполными в оценке потенциала, так как отражают только текущий уровень знаний в определенный момент времени.
• 🌱 Важно развивать устойчивый рост знаний и умений, а не сконцентрироваться на одном промежуточном результате.
• 💡 Уверенность в собственных способностях и рассмотрение умений как развивающихся, а не фиксированных, существенно влияет на успех в обучении.
• 🔧 Избегать негативной саморазговорки и перепрограммировать мозг позитивными уверениями о собственных возможностях.

Q & A

Что означает фраза 'Make it stick' в контексте видео?

Фраза 'Make it stick' относится к научным методам успешного обучения, о которых говорится в книге, чтобы информация, которую вы изучаете, оставалась в вашей памяти надолго и была доступна для использования.

Какие общие проблемы с обучением автор видео находит в общих практиках?

Автор видео указывает на то, что многие из общепринятых методов обучения, такие как повторное чтение и массовая практика, не являются оптимальными и не дают долгосрочных результатов.

Что такое 'тестовая эффективность' или 'эффект ретриевальной практики'?

Этот эффект описывает, как практика повторного извлечения информации из памяти улучшает процесс обучения и делает его более запоминательным и долговременным, в отличие от простого повторения материалов.

Почему простое повторение текста или практики не является эффективным методом обучения?

Этот метод создает иллюзию свободы и освоения, но на самом деле не закрепляет информацию надолго, так как не требует усилий и не формирует сильных нейрональных связей в мозге.

Какое сравнение автор видео использует для объяснения важности ретриевальной практики?

Автор использует аналогию с кранберри, которые нужно за系ить на нить, чтобы они не ускользнули с другой стороны, что иллюстрирует процесс закрепления информации в памяти через повторное извлечение.

Что означает термин 'желание научиться' и как он связан с обучением?

Термин 'желание научиться' относится к мотивации и уверенности в себе, что вы можете достичь своих целей в обучении, что влияет на вашу способность к усвоению и применению знаний.

Какое влияние у убеждения о собственной способности на процесс обучения?

Убеждение в собственной способности, таком как 'рост mindset', стимулирует индивидов к более активному изучению, извлечению уроков из ошибок и к стремлению к постоянному совершенствованию.

Почему автор видео считает, что многие люди не используют наилучшие стратегии обучения?

Автор полагает, что многие люди используют интуитивные методы обучения, которые они выучили в детстве или на протяжении своей жизни, но которые не всегда находятся в соответствии с научными методами, определенными исследованиями.

Чем отличается 'динамичный тест' от 'статических тестов' и как он помогает в обучении?

Динамичный тест определяет состояние опыта учащегося и фокусируется на повышении производительности в слабых областях, предлагая последующие тесты для измерения прогресса, в отличие от статичных тестов, которые дают только статичный отчет о знаниях на определенном этапе.

Какое значение имеет самообучение и самоанализ для успешного обучения?

Самообучение и самоанализ помогают индивидуам лучше понимать свои сильные и слабые стороны, настраивать свои методы обучения и стремиться к постоянному совершенствованию, что в итоге увеличивает их общую способность к усвоению и применению знаний.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Введение в 'Make It Stick'

В этом параграфе представлен обзор книги 'Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning', которая раскрывает, почему обычные методы изучения часто неэффективны и предлагает научные стратегии для более глубокого и долгосрочного обучения. Автор подчёркивает, что многие традиционные подходы к изучению, такие как повторное чтение и массовая практика, создают иллюзию освоения, но на самом деле не способствуют длительному запоминанию. Вместо этого, предлагается использовать нестандартные, но эффективные методы, основанные на результатах исследования, чтобы улучшить способность к обучению и запоминанию.

05:01

🧠 Иллюзия свободы и неэффективность традиционных методов

Автор рассматривает распространённые методы изучения, такие как повторное чтение и массовая практика, как иллюзорно эффективные. Они приводят к ощущению свободы в изучении, но на самом деле не способствуют глубокому пониманию и долгосрочному запоминанию. Вместо этого, предлагается отказаться от этих методов и начать использовать техники, которые вынуждают мозг работать более усердно, например, через повторное извлечение информации из памяти, что усиливает нейральные связи и обеспечивает более длительное сохранение знаний.

10:01

🤔 Важность извлечения информации и 'Desirable Difficulties'

В этом параграфе подчёркивается, что извлечение информации из памяти является ключевым механизмом для более глубокого и долгосрочного обучения. Этот процесс, называемый 'тестовым эффектом' или 'эффектом извлечения', требует повторных и распределённых сеансов, чтобы укрепить знания в мозге. Также автор упоминает 'желательные трудности' (desirable difficulties), которые делают процесс обучения более сложным, но в то же время более эффективным для формирования долгосрочных нейральных путей.

15:02

🏌️‍♂️ Приём 'Криковые шары' и его значение для обучения

Аналогия с криковыми шарами используется для объяснения важности повторного извлечения информации из памяти. Каждый раз, когда мы извлекаем знания, мы укрепляем их, делая их более стабильными и доступными для дальнейшего использования. Автор также рассматривает разницу между обучением для краткосрочной памяти и обучением для долгосрочной памяти, подчёркивая необходимость развития более глубоких навыков для успешной практики в жизни и бизнесе.

20:02

🧐 Элаборатно и его роль в глубоком обучении

Элаборатно - это процесс, при котором новые знания приобретают смысл, связывая их с уже имеющейся информацией. Этот параграф подчёркивает, что элаборатно не только увеличивает понимание и запоминаемость новых материалов, но и не имеет предела в том, сколько можно выучить. Автор рекомендует использовать элаборатно для преодоления иллюзии 'полного мозга' и для создания более сильных связей в памяти.

25:02

📝 Тестирование и его значение для развития экспертизы

Автор обсуждает концепцию динамического тестирования, предложенную Sternberg и Greg Anko, как альтернативу статичным тестам, которые не могут точно оценивать нашу способность. Динамические тесты позволяют определить текущий уровень знаний, сфокусировать обучение на слабых сторонах и измерить прогресс. Также упоминается концепция 'настроения на рост', введённая Carol Dweck, которая подчёркивает, что уверенность в собственных способностях и готовность к изменению являются ключевыми для успешного обучения и развития.

💡 Самообразование и его влияние на успех

В заключительном параграфе автор подчёркивает, что вера в свои способности является основным фактором успеха в обучении. Он упоминают о важности положительной самоголоски и мотивации, которые влияют на обучаемость и способность к достижению целей. Автор предлагает бесплатную сессию тренировки для зрителей, которые дочитали до конца видео, чтобы поделиться своими методами по установке целей, избеганию прокрастинации и самодисциплине.

Keywords

💡успешное обучение

Успешное обучение означает процессы и техники, которые помогают людям лучше учиться и запоминать информацию. В контексте видео это ключевой концепт, который связан с тем, как люди могут улучшить свои способности к обучению, используя научные методы и стратегии. Примеры в скрипте включают использование техники повторного извлечения и создание желаемых трудностей для укрепления памяти.

💡эмпирические исследования

Эмпирические исследования - это исследовательские работы, основанные на наблюдениях и экспериментах, а не на теориях. В видео они упоминаются как источник знаний о том, как люди учатся и запоминают информацию, и как основы для эффективных стратегий обучения, которые заменяют менее эффективные, но широко распространенные практики.

💡флюэнс

Флюэнс в контексте обучения относится к тому, насколько человек может свободно и гладко использовать полученные знания. В видео говорится, что простое повторение материалов приводит к иллюзии флюэнса, но не к долгосрочной памяти и навыкам. Примером из скрипта является сравнение с написанием, которое быстро исчезает, если не проделывается упорно.

💡извлечение

Извлечение - это процесс, когда человек пытается вспомнить или восстановить информацию из памяти. В видео это рассматривается как один из наиболее эффективных методов укрепления памяти и обучения, который лучше, чем простое повторение. Примером является аналогия с кранберри, где каждое извлечение - это утяжеление узла, чтобы знания не滑落 из памяти.

💡желание знания

Желание знания - это мотивация к изучению новых вещей, которая часто является основной целью для зрителей видео. В видео это связано с тем, как стремление к обучению может быть улучшено с помощью научных стратегий, чтобы не только учиться, но и запоминать и применять знания.

💡уровень компетенции

Уровень компетенции - это степень знаний, навыков или умений, которые человек обладает в определенной области. В контексте видео это связано с концепцией развития экспертизы Sternberg и идеей динамического тестирования, которое фокусируется на областих с низким уровнем производительности для улучшения.

💡развитие умений

Развитие умений - это процесс улучшения знаний и навыков. В видео это подкрепляется идеей о том, что сложные и требующие усилий техники обучения приводят к более длительным и сильным изменениям в мозге, в отличие от временных изменений, вызванных просто повторением.

💡погружение в учебу

Погружение в учебу означает, что для эффективного обучения нужно углубляться в процесс, а не останавливаться на поверхностном изучении. В видео это подчеркивается, когда говорится о том, что простое повторение материалов не даст глубоких знаний, в то время как техника извлечения и повторного извлечения укрепляет память.

💡мотивация

Мотивация - это внутреннее состояние, которое побуждает человека к действию или к выполнению определенных задач. В видео мотивация связана с желанием учиться и достигать успеха, а также с верованием в свои способности, которое, согласно Двек, может значительно влиять на обучение и производительность.

💡фиксированная модель ума

Фиксированная модель ума - это убеждение, что ум и способности не могут изменяться. В видео это контрастируется с моделью роста ума Двек, которая утверждает, что ум и способности могут развиваться с усилиями и опытом. Примером из скрипта является различие в реакциях на неудачи: те, кто считают, что ум не изменяется, теряют мотивацию, в то время как те, кто верит в возможность роста, продолжают стремиться к успеху.

Highlights

The book 'Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning' aims to help people remember and apply what they learn more effectively.

Many common study techniques are not as effective as believed and may be based on misconceptions rather than empirical evidence.

Effective learning strategies are often counterintuitive and require effortful engagement rather than passive consumption of information.

The Testing Effect, or retrieval practice, is a powerful tool for solidifying learning and should be repeated and spaced out over time.

Fluency in learning is achieved through effortful processes and is not the same as familiarity, which can be misleading.

Desirable difficulties, such as challenging oneself with random practice, can lead to more robust and long-lasting learning.

Elaboration, or connecting new information to prior knowledge, is a limitless way to expand one's learning capacity.

Teaching what you've learned to someone else is a highly effective method for reinforcing your own understanding and memory.

Mind maps can be an effective tool for recalling and organizing information, as well as for self-testing.

The belief in one's ability to learn and grow, known as a growth mindset, is crucial for overcoming challenges and improving performance.

Negative self-talk can hinder learning, and it's important to be aware of and reprogram this internal dialogue.

Dynamic testing, which involves identifying weaknesses and focusing on improvement, is a more effective measure of learning potential than static tests.

Learning should not be seen as a one-time event but as a continuous process that can be enhanced with the right strategies and mindset.

The video offers a free coaching session for those interested in learning more about goal setting, finding purpose, and overcoming procrastination.

The presenter emphasizes the importance of implementing the strategies discussed in the video for long-term learning and success.

The video concludes with the presenter expressing gratitude for viewers' engagement and participation throughout the entire video.

Transcripts

hello my mappers and welcome to the

video today we're going to be going over

make it stick

the science of successful learning if

you're the type of person that reads a

book watches a video listens to a

podcast and there were a ton of great

points in there but you just can't seem

to remember or take action on those

points this book is going to be perfect

for you we're not only going to go over

why that happens but we're going to go

over a few different techniques to make

that information stick and with that

we're gonna dive directly into the

introduction I pulled out a quote from

the book that I think gives us a good

overview of what we can expect to learn

and it goes like this people generally

are going about learning the wrong ways

empirical research into how much we

learn and remember shows that much of

what we take for gospel about how we

learn turns out to be largely wasted

effort even college and medical students

whose main job is learning rely on study

techniques that are far from optimal at

the same time this field of research

which goes back 125 years but has been

particularly fruitful in recent years

has yielded a body of insights that

constitute a growing signs of learning

highly effective evidence-based

strategies to replace less effective but

widely accepted practices that are

rooted in theory lower in intuition so

how much of what we're doing while we're

learning is actually just things that we

learned when we were in childhood things

that we picked up along the way but

isn't actually science backed isn't

actually evidence back probably a lot of

it but here's the catch the most

effective learning strategies are

actually not intuitive this is a book

about what people can do for themselves

right now in order to learn better and

remember longer while much remains to be

known about learning in its neural

underpinnings of large body of research

has yielded principles and practical

strategies that can be put to work

immediately at no cost in to great

effect and I think that's really what

we're talking about here is using these

techniques as a really great leverage

point right you can make small changes

in the way that you're learning and the

way that you're studying in the way that

you're reading listening

watching and it's going to make a huge

difference in your ability to remember

and ultimately implement those pieces of

information that you were trying to

learn and so everyone wants to learn

better and remember longer especially if

you're watching these YouTube videos

that's probably one of your number one

aims in life now there is some thirst

for knowledge in all the people that are

watching this video some of you want to

learn maybe or that will make your life

better in some way or at least that's

kind of what you think how much time are

you actually spending learning if you're

watching these YouTube videos reading

books listening to books listening to

podcasts most of us are probably

spending at least a few hours a day and

that adds up to quite a lot of our lives

so what would it be like if you had the

strategies that would help you learn

more and remember longer so that you can

actually get some benefit from some of

those hours that you're spending over a

lifetime you would probably save years

of your life maybe even get the

promotion succeed in a business or

accomplish your life goals a heck of a

lot faster the strategies in this book

are proven not only by the scientists

but I've tested them myself but they're

not easy watching videos listening to

audio books and simply reading for the

joy of reading is easy but learning

sometimes requires hard mental work

that's what we're going to talk about

today and I guess that's why I started

with why this is important it's so

important to learn these techniques to

use these techniques because it's going

to drastically cut your time to success

down and with that we're gonna talk a

little bit about mind mapping you can

get the most out of these mind maps by

actually following along find the

process of how I my map plus all of the

mind maps available on this YouTube

channel including this one at the link

down below following along with these

mind maps is going to help you learn

more remember better and apply these

books to your life and our first big

idea is about fluency learning is deeper

and more durable when it's effortful

remember we talked it's going to be a

little difficult learning that's easy is

like writing in

it's here today and it's gone tomorrow

we are poor judges of when we're

learning and when were not when the

going is harder and slower

it doesn't feel productive we are drawn

to strategies that feel more fruitful

unaware that the gains from these

strategies are often temporary Reedy

rereading text and massed practice of a

skill or new knowledge are by far the

preferred study strategies of learners

of all different stripes but they're

also among the least productive by

massed practice we mean the

single-minded rapid-fire repetition of

something you're trying to burn into

your memory the practice practice

practice of conventional wisdom cramming

for exams is an example rereading and

mass practice give rise to feelings of

fluency that are taken to be signs of

mastery but true mastery or durability

these strategies are largely a waste of

time so this is really what we're mostly

doing we're reading once we're reading

twice we're kind of going over the

points and trying to commit them to

memory and it gives us this illusion of

fluency so the question to ask is how

fluent are you really on a certain topic

turns out that we're not that good at

estimating this when we reread something

it gives us a feeling of familiarity

that often masks as fluency but when it

comes time to take action on a certain

piece of information we need to be

fluent and not familiar especially in

the business world in the career world

we need to be fluent and what we need to

know in order to perform well at our job

or at in our business we can't just be

familiar with the information we need to

know it off by heart so that's why

fluency is important let's say your job

is simply to make decisions and that's

what most high paying jobs are actually

doing is making a bunch of little

decisions throughout the day often

you'll need to make those decisions

quickly with their time to reference

materials that you once read being

familiar with the topic can give you a

false sense of security that you

understand it and that leaves you open

to making decisions on actually bad

information or misremembering of the

information that you once knew

so how do we ensure that we're actually

fluent well start by throwing away most

of the common study practices that we're

using nowadays and that's really where

we're getting started we need to know

that most of the things that we're doing

are giving us this illusion of fluency

this familiarity that feels like fluency

it feels better than what we're doing a

little bit later on in the mind map but

it's not going to stick

so rereading a particular text is not

going to help cramming the night before

a test is not the best way to go about

it especially if you want to remember

this stuff for a lifetime taking the

same practice test over and over again

is simply not helping you learn anything

then we're gonna add of course some of

the practices inside this book these

practices end up being more energy and

attention demanding they're more

difficult but they lead to real brain

changes versus temporary learning and I

guess I want to talk about real brain

changes versus this temporary learning

real brain changes are what it takes in

the real world of business of career of

life in general you need to actually

know something in the real world and

often when we're in college and

university we can feel like we just have

to remember something for a day and in

the real world that's simply not the

truth our next big idea is called

Cranberries a child stringing

Cranberries on a thread goes to hang

them on a tree only to find they've

slipped off the other end without the

knot there's no making a string with it

the knot there's no necklace

there's no beaded purse no magnificent

tapestry retrieval ties the knot for

memory retrieval ties the knot for

memory repeated retrieval

snugs it up and adds a loop to make it

fast today we know from empirical

research that practicing retrieval makes

learning stick far better than re

exposure to the original material does

this is the testing effect also known as

the retrieval practice effect to be most

effective retrieval must be repeated

again and again and spaced out sessions

so that the recall rather than becoming

a mindless recitation requires some

effort repeated recall appears to help

memory consolidate into a cohesive

representation in the brain and to

strengthen and multiply the neural roots

by which the knowledge can later be

retrieved so what are we talking about

here we're talking about essentially

going back into your memory and trying

to find that piece of information that

you learned once upon a time and we'll

talk a little bit more about that in a

second here but that's what retrieval

means so if you're looking to learn

something obviously you need to retrieve

the information and ideally you need to

do it again again at a spaced interval

the first strategy that will employ when

trying to learn a new subject is this

retrieval strategy so retrieval or

remembering what you've listened to

watched or read with it reference this

action syncs up the knot of learning I

really like this analogy of The

Cranberries on the string it's like if

you don't have if you don't retrieve it

then you've got all these cranberries

which are the things that you've learned

they just slide right off the end if you

tie the one knot then you have a good

necklace for of cranberries and then if

you cinch it up time after time after

time you can make it so that that

cranberries will never fall off the

other end so each time you retrieve

something it gets just a little bit

tighter and a little bit tighter so how

might that work when you're reading a

book close the book and try to actually

remember what you just learned when

you're watching a video pause the video

and try to remember what the main points

were for example what was the main point

that we did right before cranberries

what did we talk about

right before the cranberries a lot of

you are probably having trouble

remembering just the last point and

that's I guess one of the ideas here is

that often when we know that we don't

need to retrieve a piece of information

we will just let it flow in and flow

right back out but when we know we're

going to be tested afterwards we know

we're going to need to retrieve

something then we are actually forced to

pay deeper attention maybe you're

learning from a mentor after the session

you've spent $100 $200 $500 to talk to

this mentor for an hour and what you do

is you talk to them you don't prepare

before you go in

you talk to them for an hour and then

you go away and you basically forget

everything that they said what you

should be doing is not only preparing

which is not really what we're talking

about but also you have to go over the

conversation in your head pick out all

of the small things that they said that

you didn't notice in the moment but pull

them out go over it in your head again

anyways let's give it a try what are the

three main points that we've learned so

far in this video what does the

introduction mean what does the fluency

mean and what does The Cranberries mean

if you have the mind map you can follow

along with that of course but I would

recommend even if you don't have the

mind map to just go over in your head

what does the introduction point that we

talked about mean what does the fluency

point mean and what does the main point

of The Cranberries mean that's one of

the reasons why mind mapping is so

effective by the way is because you have

to kind of recall everything that is in

each one of these collapsed nodes here

it's a really great way to go about it

and you can just pull it up and open it

and you can then figure out if you're

right or not

so our first gold point which is one of

the ones that I think is the most

effective in the entire book is about

curveballs when the baseball players at

Cal Poly practiced a curveball after

curveball over 15 pitches it became

easier for them to remember the

perceptions and responses they needed

for that type of pitch the look of the

ball spin how the ball changed direction

and how fast it Direction changed how

long to wait for it to curve performance

improved but the growing ease of

recalling those perceptions in responses

led to little thurible learning it is

one skill to hit a curveball when you

know a curveball will be thrown it is a

different skill to hit a curveball when

you don't know it's coming baseball

players need to build the ladder skill

and I would say that we need to build

the ladder skill in life in business in

our careers but they often practice the

former which being a form of massed

practice builds performance gains on

short-term memory and you get much

better much quicker but you're not

really getting that lasting effective

learning

it was more challenging for the Cal Poly

bad Cal Poly batters to retrieve the

necessary skills when practice involves

random meeting that challenge

made the performance gains painfully

slow but also long lasting short-term

impediments make for stronger learning

this is desirable difficulties in the

book how to learn that we've done on

this channel we talk a lot about

creating desirable difficulties in your

own learning process when we're learning

something new we often want to make the

process as easy as possible and that's

just the way that the human mind is it

doesn't want to spend very many calories

if it doesn't have to today outside of

school this looks like learning via

YouTube or following a step-by-step

process you do for me is an amazing tool

of course I loved YouTube but just

because we've been able to follow a

video doesn't mean we know a thing and

especially if this is kind of something

in your day job you've done a particular

you have a particular skill and you

follow a video and you get that thing

done it doesn't no mean you actually

know how to get that thing done you will

probably have to pull up the same video

again when you do it again so this opens

an interesting line of thinking when do

we need to know something and when do we

need to actually just get something done

when do we need to practice curve balls

because we need to get them done or when

do we need to actually know how to

distinguish between what type of pitch

it's going to be I often think this is

like think of this like a programmer

would so if you have to do it twice it's

better to write some code to do it so if

you're just doing something once don't

bother to take the time to learn it

deeply or practice it in a more

difficult less tutorial video type way

it's just not a good investment in your

time if you only plan to do something

once don't take the time to learn it

from scratch or to actually implement

some of these tools and techniques that

we're talking about here today but if

you're planning to do it more than once

it will be worth it to implement some of

these techniques to learn the thing

deeply and more long term perhaps by

learning it deeply you'll spot something

that you might not have actually spotted

otherwise maybe there's in a more

efficient way to do the task it could be

a business opportunity maybe

just straight up isn't necessary for you

to do perhaps you could create a product

or service from the task and add it to

your offerings in your business so what

does this look like actually in the real

world instead of practicing something

via repetition we want to make that

thing more difficult often we'll watch a

video of how to do something

step-by-step just by following along

with the video

we're just shutting off the video and

starting from scratch when I first

started my advertising business I wanted

to learn everything from scratch I

learned graphic design copywriting paid

advertising split testing landing page

building offer creation and email

marketing and many different variations

of all the software that facilitates

those things even if I wasn't going to

be the best person to do it long term it

gave me the most comprehensive look into

everything we did at the company which

is invaluable long term so now when I'm

kind of at the batter's plate in a

client or one of the people that I work

with ask me a question it's not just a

curveball that I know how to hit it

could be it could be a completely

different type of pitch I need to know

the answer to all of those different

types of pitch so we need to know all of

these skills very deeply to be able to

answer competently so for me that's an

invaluable skill I learned each one of

these things from scratch and I tested

it over and over and over again and I

did these things from memory I did them

by myself

I didn't pay someone else to do them I

didn't automate the process for a lot of

these things in the beginning simply

because I knew that I needed to know how

all of those things worked and I think

that's something that we really can get

into because I think with a lot of big

companies we can find ourselves just

following a process and not knowing the

thing from scratch we've we kind of go

step by step by step by step and we know

what the steps are but we don't know why

each one of those steps is important so

that's something that you can think

about when building your own company is

you have to know why each one of these

steps is important so that you can make

changes to the process of the business

long term so our next point is about

full brain in a cartoon

the farside cartoonist Gary Larson a

bug-eyed school kid asks his teacher

mrs. Osborne can I be excused

my brain is full I've definitely felt

like that myself if you're just engaging

in mechanical repetition it's true you

quickly hit the limit of what you can

keep in mind however if you practice

elaboration there is no known limit to

how much you can learn elaboration is

the process of giving new material

meaning by expressing it in your own

words and connecting it with what you

already know the more you can explain

about the way your new learning relates

to your prior knowledge the stronger

your grasp on the new learning will be

and the more connections you create that

will help you remember it later so if

your brain is feeling full take some

time to explain what you're learning to

someone else this for me has been an

absolute super power developing a

practice of teaching what I learned is

incredibly helpful my ability to make

connections between content has

skyrocketed my recall ability has also

increased dramatically

but these videos give me feedback on how

clear my explanations are I believe that

if you can't explain something in a

basic way then you probably don't know

it well enough reddit has this section

called explain like I'm 5 where the

expert takes complex topics and breaks

them down into simple terms I sometimes

visit that to get inspiration and of

course to learn new things I think that

this explain like I'm five concept is so

good when we're learning something

because we can explain it to a friend a

family member to air we can explain it

to a video and it really just increases

our recall ability like Matt it really

is one of the best techniques that I've

ever learned is pretending like I'm

teaching this information to someone

else not only is it going to help you

after you get the information but it's

gonna help you while you take the

information you're going to pull out

only the information that you feel is

important so that's very good as well I

think it's best to teach in whatever

medium you feel most comfortable with

first there's no need to learn something

new while you're trying to teach

for me it was mind maps I was doing them

anyways now I just turn on the

microphone but for you it could be

through note-taking it could be talking

out loud it could be teaching it to a

friend or creating a super in-depth

Hollywood level documentary on it it's

completely up to you there's so many

different ways to teach the information

not all of them have to be public you

can just teach them to yourself again if

you need to you can teach them to a

friend or a family member if they would

be interested in the topic but really I

think this is one of the best ways

teaching it to someone else or at least

acting as if you have to teach it to

someone else helps you pull it the only

the most important information and

explain it in a simple way that's going

to make it much easier for you to

remember and make your brain not get

full next we're gonna talk about testing

Sternberg concept of developing

expertise holds with the continued

experience in a field we are always

moving from a lower state of competence

to a higher one his concept also holds

that standardized tests can't accurately

rate our potential because what they

reveal is actually limited to a static

report of where we are in the learning

continuum at the time the test is given

in tandem with Sternberg's three-part

model of intelligence he and Greg anko

have proposed a shift away from static

tests in replacing them with what's

called dynamic testing determining the

state of one's experience refocusing

learning on areas of low performance

follow-up testing to measure the

improvement into refocused learning so

as to keep raising expertise

thus a test may assess a weakness but

rather than assuming that weakness

indicates a fixed inability you can

interpret it as a lack of skill of

knowledge or knowledge that can be

remedied so this isn't something that I

really want to dive into a ton during

this mind map except for just the one

thing people sometimes feel that they

weren't good on tests or in a particular

subject in school so that they aren't

capable in that subject or on that test

actually I wasn't even that good in

school at least until the stakes were

high enough when I was in when I was in

college and I had to pay money to go to

school

I was very good in school then the

stakes were high enough it made sense

for me to put all my effort into it but

as I pointed out here the test is more

about where you are in a particular

point in time it's not about your true

ability your true innate ability and

Carol Dweck's amazing book mindset dives

more into this and I've done a review of

that on the channel I recommend that you

check it out I'll leave a link for it

down below but I just wanted to stop and

say this sometimes make us doubt our

abilities and we shouldn't because they

only show us one particular point in

time they show us where we're at on the

continuum of learning and we have

nothing but the ability to continue to

increase our ability our final point is

about that book mindset by Carol Dweck

let's return to the old saying if you

can or you think you can't you're right

it turns out that there's more truth

here than wit so we've all heard it

before if you think you can or you think

you can't you're right attitude counts

for a lot the study studies of

psychologists Carol Dweck have gotten

huge attention for showing just how big

an impact one simple conviction can have

on learning and performance this belief

that your level of intellectual ability

is not fixed but rests to a large degree

in your own hands the wex research has

been triggered by her curiosity over why

some people become helpless when they

encounter challenges and fail at them

whereas others respond to failure by

trying new strategies and redoubling

their effort so there's really those two

types of people there's the fixed

mindset which is they become helpless or

the growth mindset where they start

trying new strategies in redoubling the

effort she found that a fundamental

difference between the two responses

lies in how a person attributes their

failure those who attribute their

failure to their own ability I'm not

intelligent become helpless those who

interpret failure as a result of

insufficient effort or ineffective

strategy dig deeper and try different

approaches so if we want to increase our

abilities first we should change our

mind what are your thoughts about your

own ability this is something important

to keep in mind but

so something that we often ignore most

of us have this running track of

self-talk in her mind and a lot of it is

negative Cara pointed in her book just

how much of that is hindering our

ability so how might we overcome this

negative self-talk well inside this book

what you say when you talk to yourself

what to say when you talk to yourself

dr. shad Helmstetter gives us a great

process and that book is also on this

channel I'll leave a link for it down

below but first you need to be aware of

this negative self-talk you need to

catch yourself in the act next you need

to know that it's not inherently true

because you quote-unquote are saying it

finally you need to reprogram it through

using self-talk to your advantage again

check it that mind map that I did on

that book if you want to learn a little

bit more it's a really great mind map a

great concept but there we have it do

you want to know what I think is the

number one factor and learning ability

just the belief that you can do it yes a

lot of my coaching clients come to me

for help with procrastination mindset

plays a huge part here too and I plan to

do a whole video just on this but

motivation is a function of wanting

something and believing that you can

achieve it and with that I'm gonna leave

you with the make it stick book thanks

for being with me here today and just

for making it to the end of the video I

want to offer you something that I'm not

going to offer up to everyone I want to

thank you for being with me all the way

until the very end and if you're

interested in a free coaching session

there's a link down below I want you to

click on it and book a time and what

we're going to do is walk you through my

process for keeping myself on track for

setting goals discovering my purpose and

keeping away procrastination I hope to

see you there