Makmum Ustadz Isnan Anshory, Lc , M Ag seg 1 5

Summary

In this third episode of the program on Islamic jurisprudence (*fiqh*) of prayer, the discussion focuses on the role of the *makmum* (follower) in congregational prayer. The host and guest speaker, Ustad Es Nanas, explain the definition of a *makmum* and the conditions for being considered a valid follower, including the need for intention (*niat*), synchronization with the *imam*, and proximity during prayer. The session explores different scholarly opinions on how the intention should be made and the importance of unity in movement during the prayer. The episode promises further discussion in the following segments.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the concept of 'makmum' in congregational prayers in Islamic teachings.
• 😀 'Makmum' is defined as someone who follows and prays behind an Imam in a congregation.
• 😀 The term 'makmum' comes from the same root as 'imam' and refers to the person being led in prayer.
• 😀 There are five conditions that must be met for someone to be considered a valid 'makmum' in a prayer.
• 😀 One of the essential conditions is the intention (niyyah) of the 'makmum' to follow the Imam during prayer.
• 😀 The script emphasizes that the 'makmum' should align with the Imam in terms of timing, position, and movement during prayer.
• 😀 It is important that the 'makmum' maintains a connection with the Imam in terms of place, i.e., they should be in proximity, although some flexibility exists in the distance.
• 😀 The concept of 'mufaroqoh' (leaving the congregation) is explored, addressing when it is permissible or forbidden for a 'makmum' to exit the prayer group.
• 😀 The script clarifies that the majority of scholars agree that a 'makmum' must have the intention to follow the Imam before the Takbiratul Ihram (the opening phrase of prayer).
• 😀 There is an ongoing scholarly debate regarding whether verbal niyyah (intentions) should be recited aloud or kept in the heart, with some schools of thought allowing verbal expressions while others reject it as unnecessary or even bid'ah (innovation).
• 😀 The discussion concludes by noting that while niyyah is crucial for being a valid 'makmum', the exact moment of intention varies among scholars, with a consensus that it should occur before or with the Takbiratul Ihram.

Q & A

What does 'makmum' mean in the context of Islamic prayer?

In the context of Islamic prayer, 'makmum' refers to a person who is following the imam (leader) in congregational prayer. The term comes from the Arabic root meaning 'to be followed' or 'to be led', indicating someone who is being led in prayer.

What are the essential conditions for someone to be considered a valid makmum?

There are five essential conditions for someone to be considered a valid makmum: 1) Intent (niat) to be a makmum, 2) Synchronization of activities with the imam, 3) The position of the makmum must be directly behind the imam, 4) The place of prayer should be close enough to the imam, and 5) The movements in prayer should align with those of the imam.

What is the significance of the niat (intention) in determining a valid makmum?

The niat (intention) is a critical requirement for a valid makmum. The individual must have the intention in their heart to follow the imam during the prayer. This intention is generally required before or at the time of the Takbiratul Ihram (the opening takbir of prayer).

Do the scholars agree on when the niat should be made for a makmum?

While scholars generally agree that the niat should be made before or at the time of Takbiratul Ihram, there is some difference of opinion regarding the exact timing. Some scholars believe the intention can be made just before Takbir, while others argue it should be clearly established before the prayer starts.

Is it necessary for the imam to have an intention to be an imam according to the script?

No, the majority of scholars agree that it is not necessary for the imam to have a specific intention to be the imam. However, the makmum must have a clear intention to follow the imam in prayer.

What are the possible consequences of someone failing to meet the conditions of being a makmum?

If a person fails to meet the required conditions, such as not aligning their movements with the imam or not having the proper niat, their status as a makmum may be invalid, and their prayer might not be accepted as part of the jamaah (congregational prayer).

How do the different Islamic schools of thought (madhabs) approach the issue of niat in prayer?

The different madhabs have varying views on the necessity and expression of niat in prayer. For instance, the Hanafi, Shafi'i, and some Hanbali schools recommend verbally expressing the niat, while the Maliki school prefers that niat be kept in the heart, especially if verbal expression leads to waswas (doubt).

Can a person follow an imam who is praying alone?

Yes, a person can follow an imam who is praying alone. In this case, the individual would not initially be considered a makmum until they decide to join the prayer, at which point their niat to be a makmum is required.

What does the term 'mufaroqoh' refer to in the context of being a makmum?

Mufaroqoh refers to the act of a makmum leaving or departing from the congregational prayer. The script discusses when it is permissible, obligatory, or even forbidden for a makmum to leave the prayer during the jamaah.

Why is the alignment of movements between the makmum and imam important?

The alignment of movements between the makmum and imam is crucial because it ensures the integrity of the congregational prayer. If the movements are not synchronized, it can invalidate the status of the prayer, as the makmum is considered to be separate from the imam, disrupting the unity of the jamaah.