Aliran Klasik dan Gerakan Baru

Summary

In this lecture, the instructor introduces first-semester students to classical and new educational movements. Classical theories like empiricism, nativism, naturalism, and convergence highlight differing views on human development, from being shaped solely by environment to being influenced by inborn traits. The new educational movements discussed include environmental education, attention-centered education, work-school models, and project-based learning, emphasizing real-life connections, student interests, societal roles, and problem-solving. The students are encouraged to reflect on which educational approach they would apply in their future careers as educators.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture covers classical and new educational movements, focusing on their impact on teaching and learning.
• 😀 Classical education theories include empiricism, nativism, naturalism, and convergence, each offering a different perspective on human development and education.
• 😀 Empiricism views humans as born without innate traits, with development shaped by environmental influences.
• 😀 Nativism, in contrast, argues that humans are born with inherent traits, such as intelligence or character, that cannot be altered by education.
• 😀 Naturalism suggests that while children are born with good traits, they can be corrupted by negative external influences, and minimal education is preferred.
• 😀 The convergence theory emphasizes that both innate traits and education play a significant role in child development, with both factors needing to be balanced.
• 😀 New educational movements aim to improve educational practices, particularly in the learning process, by focusing on student-centered approaches.
• 😀 Environmental education emphasizes real-life experiences that relate to the child's daily life, making learning more concrete and emotionally relevant.
• 😀 Child-centered education, as proposed by Decroly, promotes learning based on a child's interests, making education more engaging and tailored to individual needs.
• 😀 Project-based learning, supported by John Dewey and Kilpatrick, encourages students to take the lead in choosing and working on projects, fostering problem-solving and real-world skills.
• 😀 The lecture encourages students to reflect on which educational theory they would adopt in their future teaching careers, considering the reasons for their choices.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lecture discussed in the transcript?

The main topic of the lecture is the comparison between classical educational theories and new educational movements, focusing on the impact of these philosophies on teaching and learning.

What does the classical educational theory of empiricism suggest about human development?

Empiricism suggests that humans are born without inherent traits, like a blank slate (tabula rasa), and their development is shaped entirely by their environment and experiences.

How does nativism differ from empiricism in its view on human development?

Nativism differs from empiricism by asserting that humans are born with inherent traits, whether good or bad, which significantly influence their development. These traits cannot be easily altered by education or the environment.

What is the main belief of the naturalism educational theory?

Naturalism believes that children are born with good qualities, but these qualities can be corrupted by negative influences from the environment or improper education.

What does the convergence theory propose about human development?

Convergence theory suggests that both innate traits and environmental factors work together to shape a child's development. A balance between the two is necessary for optimal growth.

What are the key principles of environmental teaching in modern educational movements?

Environmental teaching emphasizes connecting lessons to real-life experiences that are meaningful and emotionally engaging for students. It encourages learning that is relevant to the child's world and immediate surroundings.

What is the focus of attention-centered teaching, as proposed by Ovide Decroly?

Attention-centered teaching focuses on tailoring education to the individual interests of students. It emphasizes that students should learn about themselves and their environment, with lessons adapted to their specific interests and needs.

What is the concept of work schools, and how do they differ from traditional education systems?

Work schools focus on practical education that benefits both the individual and society. They prepare students not only for personal success but also to contribute to the community, unlike traditional education which often focuses solely on individual development.

How does project-based learning engage students in their education?

Project-based learning allows students to choose their own projects, take ownership of their learning, and actively engage in solving real-world problems. It integrates knowledge from various subjects and encourages self-directed learning.

How does the lecturer suggest students apply the educational theories discussed in the lecture?

The lecturer encourages students to reflect on which educational theory resonates with them and think about how they would apply it as future educators, providing reasoning for their choice of approach.