O movimento estudantil no Brasil

Summary

This educational video focuses on the history and importance of the União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) in Brazil. The instructor, Luiz, guides students through the organization's role in advocating for students' rights and social change, from its founding in 1937 to its influence during Brazil’s military dictatorship. The UNE has been instrumental in various movements for social justice, including the defense of public education and political reforms. The lesson also highlights how the UNE continues to be a significant force in Brazilian society, pushing for improvements in education and other social causes today.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson discusses the importance of the União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE), a key student organization in Brazil, and its historical significance in advocating for student rights.
• 😀 The UNE was founded in 1937 and became a significant force in promoting social justice, defending education rights, and opposing political repression.
• 😀 Students were instrumental in the fight for better education in Brazil, with their organization dating back to 1901 and gaining momentum in the 20th century.
• 😀 The professor emphasizes the role of students in shaping society, highlighting their rights and duties in contributing to both personal and social transformation.
• 😀 The UNE was deeply involved in major national struggles, including the fight for the oil industry to be controlled by Brazil, leading to the creation of Petrobras in 1953.
• 😀 During Brazil’s military dictatorship (1964-1985), the UNE faced violent repression, with its headquarters burned and many student leaders persecuted, but it continued its operations clandestinely.
• 😀 The organization actively participated in major political movements such as the 'Passeata dos 100 Mil' (100,000-strong march) in 1968 and the struggle for democracy during the regime.
• 😀 The UNE advocated for significant reforms in Brazilian society, including higher education access and democratization, including the establishment of affirmative action policies like the law of quotas.
• 😀 Despite repression, the UNE continued to exist under the radar, organizing underground events like protests and clandestine congresses in opposition to the authoritarian regime.
• 😀 Today, the UNE still advocates for the improvement of education in Brazil, actively participating in discussions on access to higher education, and supporting marginalized student groups.
• 😀 The professor wraps up by encouraging students to reflect on their rights, such as discounted entry to cultural events, and to obtain their official student identification card to access these benefits.

Q & A

What is the União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE)?

The União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) is a student organization in Brazil that represents student movements and advocates for educational and social rights. It was founded in 1937 and has played a key role in Brazilian history, especially during periods of political unrest, such as the military dictatorship.

How did the UNE contribute to the social and political changes in Brazil?

The UNE was instrumental in advocating for social justice, national sovereignty, and better educational policies. It actively participated in movements that sought reforms in education, defense of national resources (like oil), and opposed the military dictatorship during its reign. The UNE helped mobilize students in crucial moments such as the 'Passeata dos 100 Mil' in 1968.

What was the significance of the 'Passeata dos 100 Mil' in 1968?

The 'Passeata dos 100 Mil' was a massive demonstration organized by students and artists in 1968 to demand democracy, freedom, and justice during the military dictatorship. It marked a significant moment of student political activism against the repressive regime.

What role did the UNE play during the military dictatorship in Brazil?

During the military dictatorship (1964-1985), the UNE was banned and forced to operate clandestinely. Despite violent repression and the disappearance of several students and leaders, the UNE continued to resist and played a key role in opposing the dictatorship's policies and advocating for democratic rights.

How did the military regime in Brazil respond to the UNE?

The military regime saw the UNE as a threat due to its opposition to the government. The regime's response included invading and burning the UNE's headquarters, imprisoning students, and enacting laws that stripped the organization of its legal status. This led the UNE to operate in secrecy and continue its activism underground.

What were some of the major achievements of the UNE in promoting educational rights?

The UNE played a key role in the democratization of access to higher education in Brazil. It was instrumental in the creation of policies like the ENEM (National High School Exam), Sisu (Unified Selection System), and the ProUni program, which expanded access to universities, especially for marginalized groups such as low-income students and racial minorities.

What are the key symbols associated with the UNE?

The UNE is represented by its logo, which is a visual symbol recognized across Brazil. It is often associated with student activism and the ongoing struggle for better education and social equality in the country.

How did the UNE contribute to the formation of Petrobras?

The UNE was a key player in the national campaign for the defense of Brazilian oil reserves. The organization strongly advocated for the slogan 'O petróleo é nosso' ('Oil is ours'), pushing the government to create Petrobras in 1953 as a state-controlled oil company, reducing foreign control over Brazil's natural resources.

What is the significance of student rights like the 'meia entrada' (half-price tickets)?

Student rights, such as the 'meia entrada' (half-price tickets), represent the legal acknowledgment of students' special status in society. This right allows students to access cultural events at a reduced cost, helping to promote broader participation in cultural and educational activities. The UNE supports initiatives like these to ensure student access to resources.

Why is it important for students to reflect on their rights and responsibilities, as discussed in the lesson?

It is important for students to understand their rights and responsibilities because it empowers them to take an active role in their education and society. As the lesson highlights, students have historically fought for access to education and better rights, and their continued awareness of these issues can contribute to ongoing social progress.