Os Elementos Químicos - Rutênio

Summary

This educational video introduces Ruthenium, a chemical element with the symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It discusses its properties, such as its high density, high melting point, and resistance to corrosion. Ruthenium, a transition metal, is used in various industrial applications, including in catalysts, electrical contacts, and alloys with platinum and palladium. It is also involved in nuclear fuel extraction and cancer therapy. The video highlights Ruthenium's scarcity, its discovery, and the regions where it is most commonly found, such as South Africa, Russia, and North and South America.

Takeaways

• 😀 Rutinium is a chemical element with the symbol Ru and atomic number 44, meaning it has 44 protons and electrons.
• 😀 It is a transition metal with a high density of 12.4 g/cm³ and a melting point of 2,334°C, making it resistant to corrosion.
• 😀 Rutinium is a rare metal primarily found in platinum-group ores, often associated with other metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium.
• 😀 The element was discovered in 1844 by Carl Ernest, but earlier in 1827, it was found in an impure form by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Gottfried Hausmann.
• 😀 Rutinium is used in alloying with platinum and palladium to increase hardness and resistance to wear, particularly in electrical contacts.
• 😀 It has applications in superconducting alloys when combined with molybdenum and is used in high-performance turbine blades in jet engines.
• 😀 The element is also used in nuclear fuel and is a potential source of radioisotopes, requiring careful storage due to its radioactive nature.
• 😀 Rutinium's isotope Ru-106 is used in medical treatments, specifically in radiotherapy for malignant eye tumors.
• 😀 It has forensic applications as it reacts with substances containing fat, such as sebum, producing a characteristic dark coloration.
• 😀 Rutinium is utilized in various catalytic processes, including oxidation and hydrogenation, and helps remove harmful hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from industrial processes.
• 😀 Most of the rutinium in circulation is extracted from mining sites in South Africa, North America, Russia, and some parts of Brazil.

Q & A

What is the atomic number of Ruthenium?

Ruthenium has an atomic number of 44, meaning it has 44 protons and 44 electrons in its structure.

What is the state of Ruthenium at room temperature?

At room temperature, Ruthenium is in a solid state. It is a transition metal with a shiny, white appearance.

Why is Ruthenium considered expensive?

Ruthenium is considered expensive due to its rarity and the difficulty of extracting it from ores, along with its use in high-performance applications.

What are some key properties of Ruthenium?

Ruthenium is a hard, brittle metal resistant to corrosion, with a density of 12.4 grams per cubic centimeter and a melting point of 2,334°C.

What group and period in the periodic table does Ruthenium belong to?

Ruthenium belongs to group 8 and period 5 in the periodic table.

How many isotopes of Ruthenium are known?

Ruthenium has 26 known isotopes, ranging from mass numbers 90 to 115, with various half-lives.

Who is credited with the discovery of Ruthenium?

Ruthenium was officially discovered by Carl Ernest in 1844, although it was previously observed in an impure form by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Gottfried Hausmann in 1827.

What are some applications of Ruthenium in industry?

Ruthenium is used in making alloys for high-performance turbine blades, electrical contacts, and as a catalyst in chemical processes such as oxidation and hydrogenation.

How is Ruthenium obtained commercially?

Ruthenium is primarily obtained from pentlandite, a sulfide of iron and nickel, and is also extracted from nuclear fuel, although the latter contains radioactive isotopes.

What is one of the medical applications of Ruthenium?

Ruthenium-106 is used in radiotherapy to treat malignant cells, particularly in the eye, as it emits radiation that targets and destroys cancerous cells.