Gangguan Sistem Gerak Pada Manusia (GANGGUAN PADA TULANG)

Summary

This video delves into various disorders affecting the human musculoskeletal system, focusing on bone-related issues. It covers fractures, including simplex, complex, and avulsion fractures, as well as pathological fractures. The video also explores back problems like kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, and subluxation. Additionally, it explains physiological bone disorders such as osteoporosis, rickets, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, and general bone weakness. The video provides a comprehensive overview of bone-related ailments, highlighting their causes, types, and effects on the human body.

Takeaways

• 😀 Disorders of the musculoskeletal system can affect bones, joints, and muscles, with various causes like infections, physical trauma, and deficiencies in minerals or vitamins.
• 😀 Fractures occur when the force acting on a bone exceeds its strength, and different types of fractures include Simplex, Complex, Avulsion, Pathologic, and Compression fractures.
• 😀 Simplex fractures are characterized by a bone break that is not visible externally, while Complex fractures involve the bone breaking through the skin.
• 😀 Avulsion fractures happen when strong muscle contractions pull parts of bone where tendons attach, commonly occurring in the shoulder and knee.
• 😀 Pathologic fractures result from conditions like tumors or cancer, which weaken the bone, making it prone to breaking.
• 😀 Compression fractures usually occur in older adults with conditions like osteoporosis, where the spine’s bones become fragile and can collapse.
• 😀 Spinal disorders such as Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis, and Subluxation can lead to abnormal curvatures or dislocations of the spine.
• 😀 Kyphosis refers to a outward curvature of the spine, causing a hunched back appearance, while Lordosis involves an inward curvature, often in the lumbar region.
• 😀 Scoliosis is characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine, causing the body to bend to one side.
• 😀 Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to hormonal changes or calcium deficiencies, making them more susceptible to fractures.
• 😀 Other bone disorders include Rickets (softening of bones in children due to vitamin D deficiency), Microcephaly (abnormal head size due to brain growth issues), and Hydrocephalus (enlargement of the head due to fluid buildup in the brain).

Q & A

What are the main causes of movement system disorders?

Movement system disorders can be caused by infections, microorganisms, physical damage due to accidents, mineral salt deficiencies, vitamin C deficiency, excessive physical activity, and poor posture.

What is a fracture, and what factors affect its severity?

A fracture, or bone break, occurs when the force applied to a bone exceeds its strength. The severity of the fracture is influenced by the patient's age, bone flexibility, bone type, and the magnitude of the external force.

What are the different types of fractures discussed in the video?

The video mentions several types of fractures: Simple fracture (no external visibility), Complex fracture (bone breaks through the skin), Avulsion fracture (due to strong muscle contractions pulling the tendon), Pathological fracture (caused by tumors weakening bones), and Fracture from compression (due to pressure between bones).

What is kyphosis and how does it affect the body?

Kyphosis is a condition where the spine curves outward, resulting in a hunched or rounded back appearance.

What is lordosis, and where in the body does it occur?

Lordosis is the inward curvature of the spine, typically affecting the lumbar region (lower back), leading to an exaggerated arch.

How does scoliosis differ from other spinal conditions?

Scoliosis is characterized by the spine curving sideways, either to the left or right, which causes the body to lean to one side.

What is subluxation of the spine, and where does it most commonly occur?

Subluxation refers to a misalignment or partial dislocation of the spine, most commonly affecting the neck, leading to the head turning to one side.

What is osteoporosis and what causes it?

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become brittle and fragile due to decreased bone density. It is often caused by a lack of calcium and a decrease in sex hormones such as estrogen in women and testosterone in men.

What is rickets, and how does it affect children's bones?

Rickets is a disease caused by vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate deficiencies, leading to softening of bones in children. This condition can cause leg deformities such as bowed or X-shaped legs.

What are the differences between microcephalus and hydrocephalus?

Microcephalus is a condition where a person's head is smaller than normal due to abnormal brain growth, often resulting from infections like meningitis. Hydrocephalus, on the other hand, is a condition where fluid accumulates in the brain, causing the head to enlarge due to the swelling of brain ventricles.