Sejarah Desain Grafis Pertama di Dunia | Pertama Kali Di Temukan Di Negara France

Summary

This video covers the history of graphic design, tracing its roots from early cave paintings in France to its development through various art movements. It highlights influential figures like Henry Cole and William Morris, and important milestones such as the first use of the term 'graphic design' in 1922. The script also explores the impact of Bauhaus, Constructivism, and Modern Typography on design, and the post-WWII surge in demand for graphic design in advertising and packaging. It emphasizes how design evolved in response to industrialism and mass consumption, alongside critical discussions on its societal role.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of graphic design is closely tied to the history of fine arts and visual communication.
• 😀 The oldest known form of visual communication is cave paintings found in Lascaux, France, dating back to 15,000-10,000 BCE.
• 😀 Henry Cole was a major figure in design education in England and advocated for the importance of design in industrial production.
• 😀 William Morris, a key figure in the Arts and Crafts movement, demonstrated the market potential for well-designed graphic products.
• 😀 The term 'graphic design' was first used in 1922 in an essay titled 'A New Kind of Printing' by William Addison Dwiggins.
• 😀 The London Underground's use of Edward Johnston's font in 1916 represents a key example of modern graphic design.
• 😀 The Soviet Union's constructivism in the 1920s focused on creating art for practical use, influencing graphic design and typography.
• 😀 Jan Tschichold's 1928 book 'The New Typography' laid the foundation for modern typographic principles.
• 😀 After World War II, there was a significant increase in demand for graphic design, especially for advertising and packaging.
• 😀 The migration of the Bauhaus school from Germany to Chicago in 1937 had a major influence on American design, with notable designers like Adrian Frutiger and Paul Rand.
• 😀 Graphic design faced criticism for its role in consumerism, with a notable 1964 publication of 'First Things First' challenging the profession's focus on commercial design.

Q & A

What is the oldest known form of visual communication, according to the script?

The oldest known form of visual communication is cave paintings found in Lascaux, France, which are estimated to be from 15,000 to 10,000 BCE.

Who was Henry Cole, and how did he influence design education?

Henry Cole was a significant figure in design education in England. He convinced the government about the importance of design in industrial society through his journal, 'Journal of Design and Manufacture,' and organized the Great Exhibition to celebrate the rise of modern industrial technology and Victorian design.

What role did William Morris play in the development of graphic design?

William Morris was instrumental in the development of graphic design by publishing books on design, improving the quality of printed materials, and showing that there was a market for well-designed graphic products. His Arts and Crafts movement also influenced the separation of graphic design from fine arts.

How did the Arts and Crafts movement impact graphic design?

The Arts and Crafts movement, led by figures like William Morris, promoted the idea of high-quality, artistic craftsmanship in printed materials, which helped lay the foundation for the graphic design profession by distinguishing it from fine arts.

When was the term 'graphic design' first used, and by whom?

The term 'graphic design' was first used in 1922 in an essay titled 'New Kind of Printing' by William Addison Dwiggins, an American book designer.

What is significant about the London Underground in terms of graphic design?

The London Underground is a classic example of modern graphic design, particularly notable for its typeface designed by Edward Johnston in 1916, which became iconic for public transportation signage.

How did Constructivism in the Soviet Union influence graphic design?

Constructivism, a movement in the Soviet Union during the 1920s, focused on creating art and designs that served practical, societal purposes, including architecture, theater, posters, and logos, moving away from individualistic art to designs applicable in the real world.

What were the contributions of Jan Tschichold to modern typography?

Jan Tschichold contributed significantly to modern typography by formulating key principles of modern typography in his 1928 book 'The New Typography,' which influenced graphic design and typography practices for much of the 20th century.

How did World War II impact the demand for graphic design?

Post-World War II, there was a sharp increase in the demand for graphic design, especially in advertising and product packaging, as industrialization and consumerism grew.

What was the 'First Things First' manifesto, and what did it criticize?

The 'First Things First' manifesto, first published in 1964 and reissued in 1999, criticized the growing commercialization of graphic design, particularly the overemphasis on consumerism, urging designers to focus on more socially responsible projects.