What Is Literature By Terry Eagleton|| Summary In Hindi

Summary

Terry Eagleton's essay 'What is Literature?' delves into the complexities of defining literature. He critiques traditional views, emphasizing that not all imaginative writing, like comics, can be considered literature. Eagleton discusses the importance of cultural, historical contexts and how power structures shape literary preferences. He also explores the deconstructive approach to analyzing language and meaning in texts. Ultimately, Eagleton argues that literature cannot be rigidly defined, as its boundaries are fluid, evolving with societal changes and personal ideologies, making its definition subjective and ever-changing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Terry Eagleton explores the dynamic relationship between literature, interconnectedness, and societal values in his essay 'What is Literature?'
• 😀 Defining literature is difficult because no definition adequately encompasses all its aspects, according to Eagleton.
• 😀 Eagleton critiques the idea that all imaginative writing qualifies as literature, using Superman comics as an example of imaginative writing that isn't considered literature.
• 😀 The formalist view of literature, which focuses on language being different from everyday speech, is limited and doesn't consider the content or the reader's perspective.
• 😀 Roman Jakobson, a formalist critic, suggested that literature involves 'organized violence' on ordinary speech, making familiar things seem strange.
• 😀 Eagleton acknowledges the role of cultural and historical context in defining what is considered literature in different time periods and cultures.
• 😀 In some cultures, texts like the Ramayana or Mahabharata are seen as literature, while other cultures may consider different works as part of their literary tradition.
• 😀 Eagleton points out that the literary canon has evolved over time, incorporating not just imaginative works but also historical writings, biographies, and psychological novels.
• 😀 Power structures significantly influence what is considered literature, as rulers or those in power may promote particular forms based on their tastes and ideologies.
• 😀 The deconstructive approach to literature challenges traditional interpretations, focusing on language and historical context to uncover multiple meanings.
• 😀 Ultimately, Eagleton argues that a single, complete definition of literature is impossible because it is always evolving and depends on personal and cultural perspectives.

Q & A

What is Terry Eagleton's central argument in his essay *What is Literature?*?

Terry Eagleton argues that there is no single, universally accepted definition of literature. He explores different perspectives and critiques their limitations, emphasizing that literature is an evolving concept influenced by cultural, historical, and ideological contexts.

How does Eagleton critique the definition of literature as 'imaginative writing'?

Eagleton critiques the definition of literature as 'imaginative writing' by pointing out that not all imaginative works qualify as literature. For example, superhero comics, though imaginative, are not considered literature. He argues that imagination alone is not sufficient for something to be labeled as literature.

What is the formalist view of literature as discussed by Eagleton?

The formalist view of literature, as discussed by Eagleton, is that literature is defined by its deviation from everyday language. It stresses that the language used in literature is complex and distinct from ordinary speech, and it is considered 'organized violence' on language, as described by Roman Jakobson.

Why does Eagleton reject the formalist definition of literature?

Eagleton rejects the formalist definition of literature because it only focuses on the form of the work, neglecting the content and the reader’s interpretation. This narrow view does not fully capture the essence of literature.

How does culture and historical context influence the definition of literature?

Eagleton argues that the definition of literature is deeply shaped by cultural and historical contexts. What is considered literature in one culture or time period may not be viewed as literature in another. He mentions that historical writings, biographies, and psychological works have become part of literature over time.

What role do power structures play in the development of literature, according to Eagleton?

According to Eagleton, power structures influence the development and popularization of literature. Those in power, such as political elites or rulers, promote certain forms of literature according to their tastes and preferences, shaping what is considered 'literature' in society.

What is the deconstructivist approach to literature?

The deconstructivist approach to literature involves breaking down the language and meaning of a text to uncover hidden ideologies. It seeks to reveal the deeper, often concealed meanings within literature by deconstructing its structure and language.

How does Eagleton view the relationship between literature and ideology?

Eagleton believes that an individual's ideology, values, and life philosophy significantly affect how they perceive literature. The definition of literature is subjective, and different people may interpret a work differently based on their ideological perspective.

What is Eagleton’s stance on defining literature rigidly?

Eagleton argues that it is impossible to rigidly define literature because it is constantly evolving. The concept of literature changes over time, influenced by social, cultural, and political factors. Thus, trying to establish a fixed definition is ultimately futile.

How does Eagleton's essay challenge traditional views of literature?

Eagleton's essay challenges traditional views of literature by critiquing simplistic and rigid definitions. He emphasizes the fluid, context-dependent nature of literature, pointing out the limitations of definitions based solely on form, content, or historical context. He calls for a more nuanced understanding that recognizes the evolving nature of literature.