First Anglo Mysore War in Hindi | Modern History of India | UPSC

Summary

This video script delves into a significant topic in modern history: the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars, which started in 1766 and ended with the Treaty of Madras in 1769. It discusses the British East India Company's control over Bengal and Madras, the rise of the Nawab of Arcot as a key ally, and the strategic military alliances formed. The script explores how the company managed to secure its territories and the political maneuvers that led to the wars, including the involvement of the Marathas and the eventual treaty that saw the return of captured territories and soldiers. The video aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex historical events that shaped India's path to independence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses an important topic in modern history, focusing on the military conflict known as the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars, which started in 1766 and ended in 1769.
• 🏰 After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the British East India Company gained control over Bengal and also had settlements in Madras, which was part of the Carnatic region.
• 🤝 The British East India Company considered the Nawab of Arcot, who was loyal to them, as a valuable ally, and sought to connect their territories in Bengal and Madras.
• 🛡 The Northern Government (Nawab of Arcot) had control over several territories, including Rajamundry, Vellore, and Guntur, and was under the influence of the Nizam of Hyderabad.
• 👑 The Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabath Jung, had granted the Northern Government to the French East India Company in 1753, but later, under British influence, it was returned to the Nizam.
• 🤔 The British East India Company wanted to negotiate with the Nizam to allow passage through the Northern Government's territories in exchange for certain concessions.
• 💡 Robert Clive, a key figure of the British East India Company, convinced Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II to grant rights over the Northern Government to the Company.
• 🤝 A military alliance was formed between the British East India Company and the Nizam of Hyderabad, with promises of mutual support against common enemies.
• ⚔ The Marathas attacked Mysore in 1766, which led to a series of events where the British East India Company and the Nizam of Hyderabad were pitted against each other.
• 💼 The Treaty of Madras in 1769 ended the conflict, with terms that involved the return of captured territories and soldiers, and a mutual military support agreement.
• 📚 The video script also mentions that the channel offers many videos on history and Indian politics, covering topics from modern history to the independence of India.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the history of the 'Third Mysore War' which started in 1766 and ended in 1769.

Why did the British East India Company want to connect their territories in Bengal and Madras?

The British East India Company wanted to connect their territories in Bengal and Madras to secure their control and to establish a continuous presence in the region.

Who was the Nawab of Arcot and why was he significant in the Third Mysore War?

The Nawab of Arcot was Salabath Jung, who was significant because he controlled the Northern Government's territories and had an alliance with the British East India Company during the Third Mysore War.

What was the role of Shah Alam II in the conflict between the Northern Government and the British East India Company?

Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor, issued a decree granting the Northern Government's rights to Robert Clive, effectively siding with the British East India Company against the Nawab of Arcot.

What was the outcome of the Maratha attack on Mysore in 1766?

The Maratha attack on Mysore in 1766 was not coordinated with the Nawab of Arcot and the British East India Company, leading to a disjointed effort and ultimately a retreat by the Marathas after accepting an offer from Hyder Ali.

What was the Treaty of Madras and what did it entail?

The Treaty of Madras was an agreement signed in 1769 between Hyder Ali and the British East India Company. It stipulated the return of any captured territories and soldiers, and a promise of military support if needed by either side.

Why did the British East India Company initially support the Marathas and the Nawab of Arcot?

The British East India Company initially supported the Marathas and the Nawab of Arcot to counter the growing prosperity of Mysore and to maintain a balance of power in the region.

What was the impact of the Third Mysore War on the British East India Company's position in India?

The Third Mysore War solidified the British East India Company's military alliance with the Nawab of Arcot and demonstrated their ability to navigate complex regional politics, further strengthening their position in India.

What were the resources that contributed to Mysore's prosperity which concerned the British East India Company and the Marathas?

Mysore's prosperity was due to its fertile lands, sports, draft animals, diamond mines, and sandalwood, which were of concern to the British East India Company and the Marathas as they posed a potential threat to their interests.

How did the British East India Company manage to secure their interests despite the retreat of the Marathas and the Nawab of Arcot?

The British East India Company managed to secure their interests by negotiating a military alliance with the Nawab of Arcot, promising support in times of need, and by signing the Treaty of Madras with Hyder Ali.