Apa itu GEOPOLITIK INDONESIA???...

Summary

This video explores the concept of geopolitics in Indonesia, focusing on the country's strategic position as an archipelago. It covers various geopolitical theories from scholars like Frederich Ratzel, Karl Haushofer, and Halford Mackinder, highlighting the significance of Indonesia's territorial unity and its location between Asia and Australia. The script delves into the factors shaping Indonesia's geopolitical strategy, including geography, legal frameworks, and the role of Pancasila as the guiding philosophy. It also emphasizes the importance of national unity, diversity, and the need for a shared national identity in Indonesia's political landscape.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geopolitics is a study of the relationship between geography and politics, with theories developed by thinkers like Friedrich Ratzel, who proposed the 'Theory of Space.'
• 😀 Wawasan Nusantara is Indonesia's national vision, which sees the archipelago as a unified whole, emphasizing the strategic importance of its islands and seas.
• 😀 Indonesia's geopolitical strategy is influenced by its position between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as its vast natural resources and cultural diversity.
• 😀 Friedrich Ratzel's theory suggests that nations go through stages of life, akin to an organism, growing, expanding, and eventually declining.
• 😀 Geostrategy refers to Indonesia’s approach to achieving its political objectives, using factors like geography, demographics, ideology, and defense policies.
• 😀 The 'Heartland Theory,' proposed by Halford Mackinder, suggests that controlling the central part of Eurasia could lead to world domination, which influences Indonesia's strategic thinking.
• 😀 Indonesia's vast archipelago, with over 17,000 islands, covers a wide geographical area that stretches across thousands of kilometers from north to south, and east to west.
• 😀 The principle of 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' (Unity in Diversity) reflects Indonesia's commitment to embracing its diverse ethnicities, religions, and cultures as strengths for national unity.
• 😀 Indonesia's geopolitical identity is shaped by its diverse geography, with the country acting as a bridge between continents and oceans, making its maritime policies crucial for national cohesion.
• 😀 The six key geopolitical concepts in Indonesia include unity, nationalism, the concept of a nation-state, and the strategic role of the archipelago in uniting the country’s diverse components.

Q & A

What is the definition of geopolitics according to Friedrich Ratzel?

Friedrich Ratzel, in his 1997 definition, explained geopolitics through the theory of space, asserting that a state, in certain aspects, can be likened to an organism. This organism goes through phases such as birth, growth, development, peak, decline, and eventual death.

How did Karl Haushofer contribute to the theory of geopolitics?

Karl Haushofer, who proposed the expansionist theory of geopolitics, emphasized the importance of border strategy. His view suggests that geopolitics focuses on geographical political expansion and the strategic significance of borders.

What does the 'Heartland Theory' propose?

The Heartland Theory, proposed by Halford Mackinder, argues that whoever controls the central region of Eurasia (the heartland) will gain dominance over the world. This theory emphasizes the strategic power of the central landmass.

How can geopolitics be understood in the context of Indonesia?

Geopolitics in Indonesia is often referred to as 'Wawasan Nusantara,' which translates to the national outlook based on its geographical location as an archipelago between two major continents and oceans. This strategic position plays a crucial role in Indonesia's geopolitical stance.

What are the three main factors influencing Indonesia's national outlook (Wawasan Nusantara)?

The three main factors influencing Wawasan Nusantara are: (1) geographical factors, including the archipelago and its strategic location; (2) geopolitical or geostrategic factors, which concern Indonesia's political, defense, and economic strategies; and (3) the legal development of Indonesian territory, particularly its territorial and maritime boundaries.

How does the concept of 'Archipelagic Principle' relate to Indonesia's geopolitics?

The Archipelagic Principle emphasizes that Indonesia, as an archipelago, is a unified territory. The seas between its islands are seen as connectors rather than barriers, strengthening the idea of Indonesia as a cohesive nation spread across thousands of islands.

What was the historical context behind the development of geopolitical theories?

Before the 20th century, geopolitical perspectives were limited to local or neighboring states. Global geographical knowledge was incomplete, and transportation and communication systems were minimal, limiting the reach and understanding of geopolitics. This led to earlier theories that primarily focused on land-based power.

What is the significance of the 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' concept in Indonesian geopolitics?

The 'Bhinneka Tunggal Ika' (Unity in Diversity) concept is crucial in Indonesian geopolitics as it encourages the nation to embrace its ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. It stresses the importance of using this diversity as a strength for national development and unity.

How does Indonesia's geographical position impact its geopolitics?

Indonesia's position between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and its location between the continents of Asia and Australia, gives it strategic importance. Its vast maritime territory, rich natural resources, and position as a maritime crossroads are key factors in shaping its geopolitical strategy.

What are the goals outlined in the Preamble of the Indonesian Constitution concerning geopolitics?

The Preamble of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution outlines the goals of protecting the Indonesian people, promoting general welfare, and participating in global peace efforts. It emphasizes the nation's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and commitment to a just and prosperous society.