Kanker Serviks Seperti Apa? Penyebab, Gejala, dan Pencegahan

Summary

This video educates viewers about cervical cancer, its risks, symptoms, and preventive measures. It highlights the critical role of HPV infection in the development of cervical cancer, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and regular screenings like Pap smears and HPV DNA tests. The video discusses the types of HPV vaccines available, their schedules, and the significant risks of early sexual activity and smoking. Viewers are encouraged to seek medical advice if they notice symptoms and to adopt healthy behaviors to prevent the disease. The message aims to raise awareness and promote early detection and prevention.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.
• 😀 Nearly 90% of cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection, particularly HPV types 16 and 18.
• 😀 Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer among women worldwide, with over 64,000 new cases and 341,000 deaths annually.
• 😀 In Indonesia, cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with more than 36,000 new cases and 21,000 deaths each year.
• 😀 Risk factors for cervical cancer include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, smoking, and having a weakened immune system.
• 😀 Common symptoms of cervical cancer include abnormal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain, and pain during or after sex.
• 😀 Regular screenings like Pap smears, visual inspections, and HPV DNA tests are crucial for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
• 😀 HPV vaccines are available and recommended to prevent HPV infection, especially for women who are not yet sexually active. There are three types of HPV vaccines in Indonesia.
• 😀 The HPV vaccine is most effective when administered before the age of 15, but can also be given up to the age of 26, with a different dosing schedule based on age.
• 😀 Lifestyle changes such as delaying the first sexual encounter, practicing safe sex, quitting smoking, and staying in a monogamous relationship can help reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
• 😀 Over 70% of cervical cancer cases in Indonesia are diagnosed in later stages, but early detection through screening and vaccination can significantly reduce the risk of progression.

Q & A

What is cervical cancer, and where does it occur?

Cervical cancer is a malignancy found in the cervix, which is the lower third of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It develops from abnormal cell changes in the cervix.

What are the two main types of cervical cancer?

The two main types of cervical cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (which accounts for up to 90% of cases) and adenocarcinoma, which originates from glandular cells.

What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?

Around 90% of cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), specifically high-risk subtypes like HPV 16 and 18.

How long does it take for an HPV infection to develop into cervical cancer?

It generally takes 5 to 20 years for an HPV infection to progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.

What are the risk factors for HPV infection and cervical cancer?

Risk factors include early sexual activity (under 20), having multiple sexual partners, smoking, a weakened immune system, and a history of pelvic infections.

What are the common signs and symptoms of cervical cancer?

Common symptoms include abnormal bleeding (especially after sex or menopause), unusual vaginal discharge (often foul-smelling or blood-tinged), pelvic or back pain, and swelling in the legs.

How can cervical cancer be prevented?

Prevention can be achieved through HPV vaccination, regular screenings (such as Pap smears or HPV DNA tests), and practicing safe sexual behaviors.

What is the HPV vaccine, and who should get it?

The HPV vaccine helps prevent HPV infections that can lead to cervical cancer. It is recommended for females between the ages of 9 and 26, with two doses for those under 15 and three doses for those older than 15.

What are the different types of HPV vaccines available in Indonesia?

In Indonesia, there are three types of HPV vaccines: Bivalent (protects against HPV 16 and 18), Quadrivalent (protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18), and 9-valent (protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58).

What screening tests are used to detect cervical cancer?

The main screening tests include visual inspection with acetic acid (IVA), Pap smear, and HPV DNA testing. These tests help detect abnormal cells or HPV infections in the cervix.

How often should women get tested for cervical cancer?

Women should have a Pap smear every 3 years if they are sexually active or have been married. HPV DNA tests can be done every 5 years, especially for those at higher risk.

What preventive behaviors can help reduce the risk of cervical cancer?

Preventive behaviors include delaying sexual activity until adulthood, maintaining a monogamous relationship, practicing safe sex, avoiding smoking, and regularly getting screened for cervical abnormalities.