Falcon 9: SpaceX's Reusable Rocket

Megaprojects
3 Nov 202112:28

Summary

TLDR本视频介绍了SpaceX公司制造的Falcon 9火箭,这是一种能够以每小时近40000公里的速度将有效载荷送入轨道并为国际空间站补给的先进航天技术。自2010年首次发射以来,Falcon 9以其可重复使用的一级火箭和垂直着陆技术而闻名,成功着陆率高达89%。SpaceX由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,旨在实现火星殖民梦想。Falcon 9的Block 5版本自2018年起飞行,能够将超过20000公斤的有效载荷送入低地球轨道。SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次发射,包括载人任务、月球着陆器和Starlink卫星部署,以及2024年的Europa Clipper探测器和月球门户空间站的发射,后者是NASA Artemis计划的一部分,旨在2024年将美国人送回月球,并作为未来火星任务的起点。

Takeaways

  • 🚀 猎鹰9号火箭是SpaceX公司制造的先进航天技术,速度可达每小时约24,000英里。
  • 🏁 猎鹰9号在2021年1月24日创下了单次火箭家族发射卫星数量最多的记录,共有143次成功发射。
  • 💰 SpaceX由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,最初目的是火星殖民,通过私人资本和NASA的合作资金发展。
  • 🔧 猎鹰9号火箭的制造采用了创新的低成本生产方式,每月能生产一枚火箭。
  • 🔄 猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段具有可回收性,能垂直返回地球并安全着陆,这在历史上是首次。
  • 📈 猎鹰9号的第一阶段火箭已成功垂直着陆92次,成功率约为89%。
  • 🛰️ 猎鹰9号火箭的可回收性显著降低了成本,因为第一阶段的火箭助推器是制造过程中最昂贵的部分。
  • 🔧 猎鹰9号的全推力Block 5版本设计用于承受10次发射和着陆,几乎无需维护。
  • 🚀 猎鹰重型火箭由三个猎鹰9号火箭捆绑而成,能产生2280万牛顿的推力,将17000公斤的载荷送往火星。
  • 🌌 SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次猎鹰9号发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。
  • 🌕 猎鹰重型火箭计划在2024年携带欧罗巴探测器进行木星卫星欧罗巴的详细调查,并可能成为未来火星任务的起点。

Q & A

  • 猎鹰9号火箭的最大速度是多少?

    -猎鹰9号火箭的最大速度接近每小时40,000公里,也就是约24,000英里每小时。

  • SpaceX公司是由谁创立的,以及它是在什么时候成立的?

    -SpaceX公司是由著名的工业家和企业家埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)在2001年创立的。

  • SpaceX的首个火箭是什么,它是何时完成的?

    -SpaceX的首个火箭是猎鹰1号(Falcon 1),它在2005年完成。

  • NASA和SpaceX之间签订的合同金额是多少,这个合同的目的是什么?

    -NASA和SpaceX之间签订的初始合同金额是2.78亿美元,后来增加到3.96亿美元,用于开发猎鹰9号火箭,目的是携带人员和货物到国际空间站。

  • 猎鹰9号火箭的可重复使用性如何,它的成功着陆率是多少?

    -猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段能够返回地球并垂直着陆,迄今为止,猎鹰9号火箭的第一阶段成功垂直着陆了92次,尝试了103次,成功率高达89%。

  • 猎鹰9号火箭的尺寸和重量是多少?

    -猎鹰9号火箭全推力版本的高度约为70米或230英尺,宽度为12英尺,重量为549吨,大约是50,000千克。

  • 猎鹰9号火箭使用的燃料组合是什么?

    -猎鹰9号火箭使用的燃料组合是液态氧和高度精炼的煤油,称为火箭推进剂1。

  • 猎鹰9号火箭能够将多少重量的物体送入不同的轨道?

    -猎鹰9号火箭能够将超过20,000千克的物体送入低地球轨道,将超过8,000千克的物体送入地球静止轨道,甚至可以将约4,000千克的物体送入火星轨道。

  • 猎鹰重型火箭由几个猎鹰9号火箭组成,它的最大推力是多少?

    -猎鹰重型火箭由3个猎鹰9号火箭组成,能够产生22.8百万牛顿的推力。

  • SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭有哪些未来的计划?

    -猎鹰9号火箭计划在2022年进行约60次发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。此外,还有几个星链任务计划在2021年底进行。

  • SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭将在2024年执行哪些任务?

    -在2024年,猎鹰重型火箭计划携带欧罗巴快船(Europa Clipper)进入太阳系中心轨道,该航天器将飞越木星的卫星欧罗巴,并进行详细调查,寻找地质过程的证据,确定月球的亚表面海洋的特征,并研究月球是否可能存在生命。

  • SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭在2020年和2021年的发射中,有多少是专门用于发射星链卫星的?

    -在2020年和2021年,大约一半的任务是专门用于将SpaceX的星链卫星送入轨道。

Outlines

00:00

🚀 猎鹰9号火箭与SpaceX的创新历程

猎鹰9号火箭是SpaceX公司制造的高性能航天器,自2010年首次发射以来,已成为人类航天技术的重要代表。该火箭能够将有效载荷送入轨道,为国际空间站提供补给。2021年1月24日,猎鹰9号创下了单一系列火箭发射卫星数量最多的记录,成功发射143次。SpaceX公司由埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立,旨在实现火星殖民梦想。最初,马斯克试图购买便宜的俄罗斯火箭,但未能成功,于是决定自行制造火箭。2002年,马斯克与火箭工程师汤姆·穆勒共同创立了SpaceX。2005年,公司已有160名员工,并完成了首款火箭猎鹰1号。猎鹰9号的开发得到了NASA的资金支持,这是通过商业轨道运输服务计划(COTS)提供的,旨在运送人员和货物到国际空间站。SpaceX与NASA采用了与传统航天工业不同的财务安排,通过设定火箭能力要求,而非成本加成合同,降低了成本并提高了效率。

05:02

🔥 猎鹰9号的垂直起降技术与成本效益

猎鹰9号火箭以其垂直起降技术(VTVP)著称,这一技术始于2015年的猎鹰9号全推力版本。它是历史上首个成功完成垂直起降的火箭。SpaceX已在多种着陆平台上完成了垂直起降,包括自主无人驾驶的海上平台(ASDS),这些平台可以自动接收返回的火箭。猎鹰9号的可重复使用性显著降低了成本,因为第一级火箭助推器是制造过程中最昂贵的部分。迄今为止,已有28个助推器进行了多次发射,其中最多的一个助推器发射了10次。SpaceX设计的最新型号猎鹰9号全推力Block 5,理论上可以处理多达100次的垂直起降,仅需最小的维护。猎鹰9号全推力Block 5自2018年以来一直在飞行,它的高度约为70米,与波音747的翼展相当,但宽度仅为12英尺,重量为549吨,相对较轻。该火箭使用液态氧和高精炼煤油作为燃料,Block 5版本的推力比前一版本有所增加,能够将超过2万公斤的有效载荷送入低地球轨道,或将约4000公斤的有效载荷送至火星。

10:03

🌌 猎鹰9号的未来任务与SpaceX的宏伟蓝图

猎鹰9号已经完成了多次迭代,包括1.0、1.1和1.2版本,以及Block 1至Block 5的五个变体。这些火箭共进行了129次发射,几乎所有发射都取得了成功。SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭由三个猎鹰9号捆绑而成,能够产生2280万牛顿的推力,将17000公斤的有效载荷送至火星或3500公斤的有效载荷送至冥王星。猎鹰9号不仅用于商业和政府任务,如向国际空间站运送货物,还在2020年和2021年将SpaceX的星链卫星送入轨道。2020年5月,猎鹰9号首次将宇航员罗伯特·贝肯和道格拉斯·赫利送入太空,这是首次由私人公司进行的载人太空飞行。SpaceX计划在2022年进行60次发射,包括载人任务、月球轨道器和月球着陆器等。2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将执行更宏伟的任务,如携带欧罗巴探测器研究木星的卫星欧罗巴,以及发射月球门户空间站的第一部分,这是NASA阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分,旨在2024年将美国人送回月球,并可能作为未来火星任务的起点。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡猎鹰9号(Falcon 9)

猎鹰9号是SpaceX公司制造的两级火箭,以其能够将有效载荷送入轨道和为国际空间站补给物资而闻名。视频中提到猎鹰9号在2021年1月24日创下了单次火箭家族发射卫星数量的记录,成功发射了143次。猎鹰9号的成功和其私人大规模生产过程代表了向大规模民用太空飞行和太空殖民迈出的第一步。

💡SpaceX

SpaceX是由埃隆·马斯克创立的私人航天公司,致力于降低太空旅行成本并最终实现火星殖民。视频中提到SpaceX成立于2001年,最初马斯克试图在俄罗斯购买便宜的火箭,但未能成功,于是决定自行制造火箭。SpaceX与NASA合作开发了猎鹰9号火箭,以运送人员和货物到国际空间站。

💡垂直起降(VTOL)

垂直起降是指火箭的一级能够在返回地球后垂直着陆,而不被损坏。猎鹰9号火箭的这一特性在2015年首次实现,它也是历史上第一个成功完成垂直起降的火箭。视频中提到,猎鹰9号的一级火箭已经成功垂直着陆92次,成功率约为89%。

💡自主空间无人机船(ASDS)

自主空间无人机船是一种海上平台,用于接住返回地球的猎鹰9号火箭。视频中提到SpaceX目前有三个操作中的ASDS,它们都有独特的名字,例如'I Still Love You'。这些无人机船能够在没有人工控制的情况下自动接住着陆的火箭,尽管在紧急情况下也可以进行遥控操作。

💡可重用性

猎鹰9号火箭的可重用性是其显著特点之一,因为它显著降低了成本。视频中指出,一级火箭助推器代表了制造过程中最密集的部分,SpaceX设计的猎鹰9号最新迭代版本Block 5能够处理多达10次的发射和着陆,仅需最小的维护。

💡梅林火箭发动机(Merlin)

梅林火箭发动机是SpaceX开发的火箭发动机,用于猎鹰9号火箭。视频中提到,猎鹰9号的一级特别使用九个梅林发动机,这也是其名字'Falcon 9'的由来。

💡商业轨道运输服务计划(COTS)

商业轨道运输服务计划是NASA的一个项目,旨在促进私营公司开发能够将人员和货物运送到国际空间站的航天器。视频中提到SpaceX从COTS获得了资金,用于开发猎鹰9号火箭。

💡猎鹰重型(Falcon Heavy)

猎鹰重型火箭是由三个猎鹰9号火箭捆绑在一起构成的,能够产生更大的推力,并将更重的有效载荷送入太空。视频中提到猎鹰重型火箭能够将约17000千克的有效载荷送入火星轨道,或者3500千克的有效载荷送入冥王星轨道。

💡星链(Starlink)

星链是SpaceX的一个项目,旨在通过发射一系列卫星来提供全球互联网覆盖。视频中提到SpaceX计划在2021年底进行更多的星链任务,这表明该项目正在进行中。

💡龙飞船(Dragon)

龙飞船是SpaceX开发的宇宙飞船,用于将宇航员送入太空。视频中提到,在2020年5月,猎鹰9号火箭携带龙飞船将宇航员Robert Behnken和Douglas Hurley送入太空,这是首次由私人公司进行的载人太空飞行。

💡火星殖民

火星殖民是SpaceX和埃隆·马斯克的长期目标之一。视频中提到,马斯克在2001年创立SpaceX时就怀有殖民火星的梦想。SpaceX的成功和猎鹰9号火箭的创新为实现这一宏伟目标奠定了基础。

Highlights

猎鹰9号火箭速度可达每小时近40,000公里,约24,000英里。

SpaceX公司自2010年首次发射猎鹰9号火箭,能将有效载荷送入轨道并补给国际空间站。

2021年1月24日,猎鹰9号创下单火箭家族发射卫星数量最多的记录,成功发射143次。

SpaceX采用私人大规模生产流程,每月生产一枚火箭,代表着向大规模民用太空飞行和太空殖民迈出的第一步。

埃隆·马斯克于2001年创立SpaceX,梦想是火星殖民。

SpaceX的猎鹰1号火箭完全由私人资本资助,马斯克几乎耗尽了特斯拉和SolarCity的资金。

NASA于2006年与SpaceX合作开发更重型的猎鹰9号火箭。

SpaceX和NASA采用了与传统航空航天工业不同的财务安排,减少了成本并简化了开发和生产。

猎鹰9号是两级火箭,使用SpaceX的梅林火箭发动机,具有可回收性。

猎鹰9号火箭一级已成功垂直着陆92次,成功率为89%。

SpaceX拥有三个自动空间站无人机船(ASDS),用于火箭的垂直着陆。

猎鹰9号的可回收性显著降低了成本,因为一级火箭助推器是制造过程中最密集的部分。

猎鹰9号全推力Block 5版本自2018年以来一直在飞行,可以处理多达10次的发射和着陆。

猎鹰9号Block 5版本增加了推力,达到850,000牛顿/梅林发动机。

猎鹰重型火箭由3个猎鹰9号捆绑在一起,能产生22.8百万牛顿的推力。

SpaceX的猎鹰重型火箭计划在2022年8月携带Psyche探测器研究同名小行星。

2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将携带Europa Clipper探测器飞越木星的卫星欧罗巴,寻找生命迹象。

同样在2024年,猎鹰重型火箭将发射月球门户空间站的第一部分,这是NASA阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分。

SpaceX计划使用月球门户作为未来火星任务的起点,实现埃隆·马斯克殖民红色星球的终极目标。

Transcripts

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them in a bit

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[Music]

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hitting speeds of nearly 40 000

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kilometers an hour about 24 000 miles

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per hour the falcon 9 may not be able to

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make the kessel run in 12 passages like

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it's han solo pilot namesake but it is

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one of mankind's premier aerospace

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technologies i have no idea about that

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star wars reference

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first launched in 2010 these rockets

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manufactured by elon musk's spacex

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company are capable of lifting payloads

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into orbit and re-supplying the space

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station in fact on january 24th 2021

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falcon 9 set the record for most

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satellites launched into orbit by a

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rocket family with 143 successful

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launches for many the success of the

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falcon 9 and its private mass production

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process that turns out a rocket a month

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represents the first step towards mass

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civilian space flight private aerospace

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industry and space colonization

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famed industrialist and entrepreneur

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elon musk started spacex in 2001 with a

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dream of colonizing mars initially musk

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went to russia looking to buy cheap

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rockets that's how enthusiastic he was

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but he had no luck instead he just

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decided to manufacture the rockets

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himself in 2002 mask and rocket engineer

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tom mueller formally created spacex in a

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warehouse in el segundo california by

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2005 they had 160 employees and were

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completing falcon 1 their first rocket

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falcon 1 was funded entirely by private

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capital with musk almost bankrupting his

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companies tesla and solarcity and

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himself in the process however in 2006

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nasa approached spacex to partner with

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him on a heavier rocket falcon 9.

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spacex funded the development of the

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falcon 9 rocket with seed money from

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nasa this money came from the commercial

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orbital transportation services program

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or cots which began in 2006 to carry

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personnel and cargo to the international

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space station the initial contract

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awarded to spacex was 278 million

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although this was raised 396 million

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after certain production milestones were

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reached spacex itself invested 450

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million dollars in the development nasa

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and spacex entered a different kind of

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financial arrangement than those

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typically used in the aerospace industry

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normally when nasa doesn't develop or

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manufacture something themselves they

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contract it out using an approach called

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cost plus contract where they reimburse

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a private company for the costs that

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they incurred plus a little bit extra

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profit as you can imagine this approach

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doesn't exactly incentivize cost

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reduction and efficiency and indeed nasa

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estimated that had they used this type

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of contract development of falcon 9

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would have cost upward of 3.6 billion

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instead nasa merely set broad

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requirements for capabilities they

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wanted from the rockets and just left

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everything else to spacex this cut costs

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for both parties and streamlined

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development and production now just

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before we continue with today's video

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below and now back to today's video

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the falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket

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powered by spacex merlin rocket engines

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this means that after the initial

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acceleration to reach orbit the bottom

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part of the rocket detaches and returns

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to earth reducing weight the first stage

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specifically uses nine of the merlin

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engines hence the name falcon 9. the

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rocket's real claim to fame is its

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reusability the first stage of the

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rocket is capable of returning to earth

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and landing vertically without being

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damaged granted it doesn't do so every

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time but to date falcon 9 first stage

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rockets have successfully landed

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vertically 92 out of 103 times that's an

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89 success rate which will round up and

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give them an a this vertical landing

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feature known as vtvl or vertical

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takeoff vertical landing started in 2015

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with the falcon 9 full thrust also known

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as v 1.2 the third version of the falcon

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9. it was the first rocket in history to

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successfully complete a vtvl since then

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spacex has completed btbls with the

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falcon 9 using a variety of landing

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surfaces most have landed on an

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autonomous spaceport drone ship or asds

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which gets its name because it basically

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goes out into the ocean to catch the

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landing falcon 9 rockets all on its own

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without any human control though it can

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be directed tele-robotically in case of

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emergencies spacex currently has three

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operational asds's always unique names

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of course i still love you a shortfall

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of gravitas and just read the

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instructions besides asds's spacex has

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also landed falcon 9 rockets on

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ground-based launch pads the reusability

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of the falcon 9 significantly reduces

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cost because the first stage rocket

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boosters represent the most intensive

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part of manufacturing to date 28

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boosters have been launched more than

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once with 10 being the most launches for

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a single booster this is because spacex

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designed the most recent iteration of

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the falcon 9 the full thrust block 5 to

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handle exactly 10 launchers and landings

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with minimal maintenance then with

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pull-scale refurbishment it can

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theoretically handle 100 vtvls

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the falcon 9 full thrust block 5 has

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been flying since 2018 including the

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payload it's about 70 meters or 230 feet

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tall which is about the wingspan of a

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boeing 747 jumbo jet despite being so

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tall it's only 12 feet wide that's just

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three and two third meters the rocket

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itself weighs 549 tons which is nearly

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50 000 kilograms this is actually

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relatively lightweight considering the

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saturn v rocket that was used in the

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apollo program that took the first

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american astronauts to the moon and

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weighed a whopping 3 100 tons which is

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nearly 3 million kilograms using a fuel

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combination of liquid oxygen and highly

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refined kerosene called rocket

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propellant one the block 5 version of

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the falcon 9 increases thrust compared

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to previous versions reaching 850 000

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newtons per merlin engine with 9 engines

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that gives the block 5 7.5 million

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newtons of thrust or 1.7 million pounds

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for reference a jet engine usually

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produces around 500 000 newtons of

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thrust just over a hundred thousand

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pounds this incredible thrust allows the

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falcon 9 block five to carry fifty

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thousand pounds over twenty thousand

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kilograms into low earth orbit where the

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international space station is or

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eighteen thousand pounds over eight

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thousand kilograms to geosynchronous

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orbit it can even send eight thousand

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eight hundred pounds about four thousand

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kilograms to mars falcon 9s are also

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combined to make the falcon heavy

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rockets which is basically 3 falcon 9

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strapped together this rocket can

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produce 22.8 million newtons of thrust

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and send 37 thousand pounds about 17 000

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kilograms to mars or seven thousand

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seven hundred pounds about three

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thousand five hundred kilograms to pluto

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falcon lines boosters can also be reused

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as well the three falcon 9 boosters

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separate during flight and all return to

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earth to land individually

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[Music]

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the falcon 9 has gone through seven

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iterations version 1.0 version 1.1 and

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version 1.2 which is called full thrust

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and has five variants referred to as

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blocks one through five altogether these

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have flown 129 launches almost all of

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which have been successful only one

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falcon 9 launch has been an absolute

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failure due to an inflight explosion

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that totally destroyed the rocket in the

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payload another was a partial failure as

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the primary payload was actually

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delivered to the international space

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station but a secondary payload was

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stranded in the wrong orbit spacex has

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launched falcon heavy three times its

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maiden voyage was particularly

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noteworthy because elon musk decided to

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make the test payload his own personal

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tesla roadster with a dummy astronaut

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named starman seated in the driver's

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seat with one hand on the steering wheel

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and an elbow out of the window starman

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flew to space in style listening to

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david bowie's space odyssey and life on

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mars on repeat as if that didn't make

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elon musk's long-term plans for

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spaceflight and colonization obvious

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enough spacex also included the arch

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mission 1.2 disk the arch mission aims

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to deposit libraries with records of

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human civilization throughout the solar

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system on data crystals that can last 14

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billion years in this case the

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discontained isaac asimov's foundation

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trilogy now destined to orbit the sun

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until the sun dies spacex also included

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a copy of douglas adams novel the

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hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy and the

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roadster's glove compartment and sure

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starman will always know where his towel

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is by putting one on the dashboard along

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with a sign reading don't panic lastly

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there was a plaque with the names of

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everyone who worked on the project

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mounted underneath the car and a message

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on the roads to circuit board reading

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made on earth by humans the vast

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majority of launches have taken place in

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florida are either at cape canaveral

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space force station or john f kennedy

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space center a few have launched from

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vandenberg space force base in

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california most missions have been for

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government or commercial purposes such

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as taking cargo to the international

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space station but in 2020 and 2021 about

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half of the missions were dedicated to

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carrying spacex's stalling satellites

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into orbit in may of 2020 falcon 9 made

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history by actually carrying human

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beings astronauts robert banken and

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douglas hurley into space in the dragon

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crew spacecraft this was the first met

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space flight by a private company in the

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first manned space flight in an american

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rocket since the last shuttle mission in

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2011.

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[Music]

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falcon 9 already has some 60 planned

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launches for 2022 for commercial and

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governmental purposes the payloads

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include manned missions in the crew

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dragon spacecraft a lunar orbiter and

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luna lander for nasa's commercial lunar

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payload services program made by

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intuitive machines this would be the

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first spacecraft landed on the moon by a

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private american company there are also

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several more starlink missions planned

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for the end of 2021. spacex has even

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more ambitious plans for falcon heavy in

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august 2022 the rocket will carry the

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psych probe into space where it will

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study the asteroid of the same name in

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the hopes of discovering new information

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about the formation of the solar system

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things will get really interesting in

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2024 when falcon heavy is supposed to

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carry the europa clipper into

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heliocentric orbit this space probe will

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fly by jupiter's moon europa and conduct

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a detailed survey looking for evidence

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of geological processes determine the

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features of the moon's subservice ocean

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and investigate whether the moon could

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have a life also in 2024 falcon heavy

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will launch with the first parts of

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gateway a planned space station that

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will orbit the moon and provide a

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laboratory in habitat for future

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astronauts this is part of nasa's larger

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artemis program which hopes to send

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americans to the moon by 2024 it's also

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been proposed as the starting point for

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future missions to mars that's great

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news for elon musk and spacex who have

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made it no secret that their ultimate

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goal is to colonize the red planet for

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the time being they're well on their way

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thanks to the ingenuity and the success

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of the falcon 9 rockets

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so i really hope you found that video

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interesting if you did please do smash

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that like button below don't forget to

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subscribe also if you've got a

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suggestion for a future mega projects

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video please do leave it in the comments

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below and as always thank you for

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watching

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[Music]

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[Music]

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you

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