Fenomenologi, etnografi, grounded theory, dan studi kasus dalam kualitatif

Summary

This lecture on qualitative research methodologies covers key approaches such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies. It explains how these methods explore human experiences, develop theories from data, study cultures through observation, and analyze specific cases in-depth. Examples from fields like library science are provided, highlighting the applicability of phenomenology and case studies in research. The session also encourages active participation and discussion, while emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on research objectives and context.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson focuses on qualitative research methodology, specifically phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies.
• 😀 Phenomenology explores how people experience and make sense of phenomena in their lives, such as street children seeking their identity through actions like street performing or sleeping on the streets.
• 😀 In phenomenology, researchers conduct in-depth interviews to gather data from participants, exploring their experiences in a natural, unstructured setting.
• 😀 Grounded theory is a research method where theories are developed based on data rather than existing theories, aiming to explain phenomena by discovering relationships within the data.
• 😀 Grounded theory involves synthesizing various smaller theories into one overarching theory by analyzing data from different sources, such as library research.
• 😀 Ethnography involves studying cultural behaviors, customs, and interactions of a specific group by observing and participating in their daily life, usually over an extended period.
• 😀 In ethnography, researchers not only observe but also interact with the group being studied, conducting informal interviews to understand the meaning behind their behaviors and cultural practices.
• 😀 Case studies focus on detailed, in-depth exploration of a particular issue, individual, or phenomenon, often used when researchers are limited by time or resources.
• 😀 There are three types of case studies: intrinsic (exploring a specific issue deeply), instrumental (aimed at refining theories), and collective (expanding understanding and contributing to theory building).
• 😀 In library science, phenomenology and case studies are often more applicable due to the nature of library-based research, with grounded theory and ethnography being less common or suitable in this field.
• 😀 Students are encouraged to explore the different qualitative methods in their research, with case studies being a particularly relevant approach for library science research due to its detailed focus on a single case or phenomenon.

Q & A

What is phenomenology in qualitative research?

Phenomenology is a method in qualitative research that focuses on understanding human experiences. It involves gathering data related to people's perceptions, attitudes, and the meanings they give to certain situations, aiming to explore how individuals experience a phenomenon.

How is phenomenology applied in research?

In phenomenology, researchers typically use in-depth interviews to explore participants' lived experiences. The research setting is natural, and there are no predefined limitations in interpreting the phenomenon. The goal is to gain insights into how participants make sense of their experiences.

What is the key difference between phenomenology and grounded theory?

Phenomenology focuses on understanding the meanings behind lived experiences, while grounded theory seeks to develop theories grounded in data. Grounded theory is more about discovering patterns and creating a theory based on observations, whereas phenomenology emphasizes subjective experiences.

What does grounded theory aim to achieve?

Grounded theory aims to generate a new theory from data collected during research. It involves analyzing patterns and relationships in the data to build a conceptual framework or theory that explains a particular phenomenon.

How does a grounded theory approach differ from traditional theory testing?

Grounded theory is inductive, meaning it builds theories from the ground up based on data, rather than testing pre-existing hypotheses. In traditional theory testing, researchers begin with a theory and seek data to support or disprove it.

What is ethnography in qualitative research?

Ethnography is the study of cultures and social groups by immersing oneself in their daily lives. Researchers observe and interact with participants in their natural environment, often through long-term engagement, to understand behaviors, language, and social dynamics.

What are the primary methods used in ethnographic research?

Ethnographic research involves participant observation, where researchers become part of the community they study, and in-depth interviews with group members. The aim is to uncover the meanings behind cultural practices and social interactions.

How does a case study differ from ethnography?

A case study focuses on examining a specific phenomenon or case in-depth within a particular context, often with a clear set of boundaries such as time or place. Ethnography, on the other hand, involves a broader exploration of culture and social groups through immersive observation and is not as confined by specific parameters.

What are the different types of case studies mentioned in the lecture?

The lecture mentions three types of case studies: intrinsic case studies (focused on understanding a specific case deeply), instrumental case studies (used to refine or develop theory), and collective case studies (which involve multiple cases to build a broader understanding or theory).

Why is the case study method commonly used in library research?

The case study method is often used in library research because it allows for an in-depth examination of specific phenomena within the library context, such as user behavior or information-seeking patterns. It's particularly useful when there are limitations like time or location.