Neil deGrasse Tyson & Janna Levin Answer Mind-Blowing Fan Questions
Summary
TLDREn un fascinante diálogo, la astrofísica Janet Levan comparte su pasión por la ciencia y la física teórica con Neil deGrasse Tyson en el programa 'Star Talk'. Janet, profesora en la Universidad de Columbia y autora de varios libros, explora conceptos atípicos como la posibilidad de que el tiempo sea una dimensión más en un hipercubo, y cuestiona si la realidad es tan tangible como pensamos. La conversación abarca desde la naturaleza de la agua y la cuantización del espacio-tiempo hasta la interpretación de muchos mundos y la teleportación cuántica. La discusión también incluye la influencia de la ciencia en la cultura y cómo el arte y la ciencia se entrelazan en el Pioneer Works, un centro cultural codirigido por Levan. El episodio es una joya filosófica que desafía las nociones preconcebidas y anima al público a mantener la curiosidad y el asombro por el universo que nos rodea.
Takeaways
- 🌌 La astronomía y la física teórica son campos de estudio que abarcan conceptos fascinantes como las estrellas, los planetas y el universo en expansión.
- 🕒 Se discute la posibilidad de que el tiempo sea una dimensión adicional, y cómo esto podría cambiar nuestra comprensión de la realidad y la física cuántica.
- 💧 Se explora la naturaleza discreta de la materia, como el agua, y cómo esto se relaciona con la posibilidad de que el espacio-tiempo también sea discreto.
- 🔬 La importancia de la curiosidad y el cuestionamiento de las nociones preconcebidas en la ciencia, lo que puede llevar a cambios drásticos en nuestra comprensión del universo.
- 🌟 Se destaca la distinción entre la ciencia y la ficción, y cómo la ciencia real a menudo puede ser más extraordinaria que la ficción.
- 📚 Se mencionan varias obras escritas por la entrevistada, incluyendo libros y una novela, que abordan temas complejos de física teórica de una manera accesible.
- 🎨 Se habla sobre el Pioneer Works, un centro cultural dedicado a la intersección entre el arte y las ciencias, y su impacto en la comunidad y la cultura.
- 🔭 Se destaca la colaboración con el New York City Amateur Astronomers, que promueven la astronomía y la ciencia entre el público en eventos públicos.
- 🌌 Se aborda la idea de la topología del universo y cómo la física cuántica puede afectar nuestra comprensión de la conectividad del espacio-tiempo.
- ⏳ Se discute la relación entre la mecánica cuántica, la entanglement y la no-localidad, y cómo estos conceptos desafían nuestra percepción clásica del espacio y el tiempo.
- 🧬 Se menciona la teleportación cuántica de moléculas como un ejemplo del avance en la comprensión y la aplicación de la física cuántica.
Q & A
¿Qué hace que la física de Janet sea considerada por muchas personas como la más asombrosa?
-Janet explora conceptos que van más allá de lo tangible, como las posibilidades de que el tiempo sea una cuarta dimensión o la naturaleza de la realidad en el ámbito cuántico, lo que la hace muy atípica y fascinante en comparación con otras áreas de la física.
¿Por qué podría ser problemático intentar compactificar el tiempo?
-Compactificar el tiempo podría llevar a paradoxos, como el famoso paradoja del abuelo, donde un evento en el tiempo podría afectar su propia existencia, lo que desafía la lógica y la secuencia causal.
¿Qué es la interpretación de muchos mundos en la mecánica cuántica?
-La interpretación de muchos mundos sugiere que cada fluctuación cuántica da lugar a la creación de un nuevo universo paralelo. Esto implica que todas las posibilidades existentes ocurren en diferentes universos, creando una multitud de realidades paralelas.
¿Cómo afecta la masa de un agujero negro la percepción del tiempo?
-El agujero negro altera la percepción del tiempo alrededor de él debido a su fuerte gravedad. A medida que uno se acerca del horizonte de eventos, el tiempo se dilata y se percibe más lentamente para un observador lejano en comparación con alguien que está más cerca del agujero negro.
¿Por qué podría ser el agua un ejemplo filosófico interesante para discutir la noción de 'estiramiento infinito'?
-El agua, al analizarse a un nivel más detallado, se compone de moléculas H2O discretas y no es un medio continuo. Esto ilustra que a pesar de que el agua como conjunto parece 'estirable', en realidad está compuesto de unidades finitas, cuestionando así la idea de la 'infinitud' en el contexto de la física.
¿Cómo podría la mecánica cuántica cambiar nuestra comprensión de la gravedad?
-Algunas teorías sugieren que la gravedad no es una fuerza fundamental, sino que emerge de las interacciones cuánticas a gran escala. Esto implica que conceptos como el espacio y el tiempo podrían no ser fundamentales, sino macroscópicos, emergiendo de una realidad más básica compuesta de partículas y interacciones cuánticas.
¿Qué es la 'compactificación' en el contexto de la física de partículas?
-La compactificación se refiere a la idea de que ciertas dimensiones del espacio, en particular aquellas que no son observables directamente, podrían estar 'compacteadas' o enrolladas en escalas muy pequeñas, lo que las hace invisibles a nuestros experimentos y observaciones.
¿Por qué la experiencia de Janet con una gran transformación en su investigación es significativa?
-Estas experiencias son significativas porque representan un cambio drástico en la comprensión de un científico sobre un tema, lo que puede llevar a avances significativos en la teoría o en la práctica. Indican que la ciencia es un proceso dinámico donde las nociones previas están sujetas a revisión y transformación.
¿Cómo se relaciona el concepto de 'entrelazamiento' cuántico con la idea de un universo no-local?
-El entrelazamiento cuántico demuestra que partículas pueden estar tan interconectadas que el estado de una partícula parece afectar instantáneamente al de otra, independientemente de la distancia. Esto cuestiona la noción clásica de un universo local y sugiere que la información puede viajar más rápido que la velocidad de la luz, lo que tiene implicaciones para nuestra comprensión de la estructura y la topología del universo.
¿Por qué la física de partículas y la astronomía son importantes para la cultura?
-La física de partículas y la astronomía son importantes para la cultura porque son áreas en el frente de la ciencia que impulsan nuestras comprensiones y nos permiten explorar preguntas fundamentales sobre el universo y la existencia. También son un punto de encuentro para la comunidad y fomentan el diálogo y la colaboración entre diferentes disciplinas y el público en general.
¿Qué es la radiación de Hawking y cómo está relacionada con los agujeros negros?
-La radiación de Hawking es un proceso teórico por el cual un agujero negro puede emitir radiación debido a la inestabilidad en el vacío de Heisenberg cerca del horizonte de eventos. Esta radiación puede causar que un agujero negro pequeño se evapore o 'explote', lo que es un fenómeno que ha sido propuesto como una forma de detectar agujeros negros primordiales.
Outlines
😀 Introducción a la física teórica y la realidad
Janet, una física teórica, discute sobre su campo de estudio, que abarca conceptos tan atípicos como la cuarta dimensión del tiempo y la posibilidad de que la gravedad no exista como una entidad fundamental. Explica cómo su experiencia favorita es enfrentarse a un cambio radical en su comprensión previa, lo que desafía sus nociones preexistentes sobre la realidad.
🌌 La fusión de arte y ciencia en Pioneer Works
Janet describe su papel en Pioneer Works, un centro cultural dedicado a las artes y la ciencia. Expresa su creencia de que la ciencia es parte de la cultura y que debe estar al frente, junto con el arte y la música. Habla sobre eventos que fomentan la comunidad y la interacción entre aficionados a la astronomía y científicos.
🚀 Avances en la ciencia y la naturaleza de la verdad
Janet y Neil deGrasse Tyson discuten sobre cómo los avances científicos ocurren cuando alguien desafía una idea previa, y no cuando todos están de acuerdo. Exploran la noción de que la ciencia no se trata de ganar un argumento sino de encontrar la verdad, y cómo las teorías científicas se acumulan y se extienden, en lugar de ser reemplazadas.
🤔 Reflexiones sobre la elasticidad del espacio-tiempo
Un espectador pregunta si el espacio-tiempo tiene que ser infinitamente elástico y si la materia oscura podría ser una deformación elástica del mismo. Janet y Neil exploran la naturaleza discreta de la realidad a escalas muy pequeñas y la posibilidad de que el espacio-tiempo no sea continuo, sino compuesto de 'quanta' discretos.
💔 Amor, black holes y la naturaleza de la realidad
Janet y Neil reflexionan sobre la realidad y la 'realismo', con Neil sugiriendo que nuestra afinidad filosófica hacia el realismo puede estar desubicada. Comparten una analogía humorística sobre el amor y las black holes, y discuten sobre la posibilidad de que el espacio y el tiempo no sean reales, y cómo la gravedad podría emerger de la interacción cuántica.
🧵 La importancia de la curiosidad y la exploración cósmica
Neil deGrasse Tyson reflexiona sobre la importancia de la curiosidad humana y cómo el estudio de la cosmología y el universo satisface un anhelo fundamental del ser humano. Agradece a Janet por su participación y anima a la audiencia a seguir mirando hacia arriba, manteniendo la maravilla y el asombro por el cosmos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Teoría de la relatividad general
💡Espacio-tiempo
💡Cuánto de Planck
💡Cuerdas teóricas
💡Entanglement cuántico
💡Interpretación de muchos mundos
💡Teletransporte cuántico
💡Agujas de Einstein, Podolsky y Rosen (EPR)
💡Agujero negro
💡Radiación de Hawking
💡Curiosidad cósmica
Highlights
Janet's field of study is considered mind-blowing, focusing on abstract concepts like the nature of time and the possibility of a fourth dimension.
The idea of a hypercube and the challenge of visualizing or creating a structure where time is the fourth dimension is discussed.
Janet explores the concept that everything we know about water may not hold when considering a single H2O molecule, touching on the essence of quantum mechanics.
The conversation delves into the possibility that at a deep quantum level, there may be no gravity, only quantum mechanics.
Janet shares her favorite experience of having a 'huge shift' in her understanding, shattering preconceived notions.
The discussion addresses the misconception that science is about agreement, when in fact it thrives on the challenge of new ideas.
Janet's role as the founding director of Sciences at Pioneer Works is introduced, emphasizing the intersection of art and science.
Pioneer Works is described as a cultural center where science and art interact and influence each other, fostering a community space.
Janet's written works, including 'How the Universe Got Its Spots', 'Black Hole Survival Guide', and 'Black Hole Blues', are mentioned.
The novel 'A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines' by Janet is highlighted, showcasing her foray into fiction writing.
The concept of spacetime quantization is explored, with the possibility that spacetime may not be infinitely divisible.
Janet suggests that gravity might not be a fundamental force, but rather an emergent property of quantum interactions.
The philosophical and scientific implications of water's nature as a collective phenomenon, similar to how gravity emerges from quantum interactions, are discussed.
The importance of questioning and challenging realism in science, rather than accepting it without scrutiny, is emphasized.
Janet's views on the nature of scientific progress, where new data can extend rather than overturn previous theories, are shared.
The impact of the 1919 solar eclipse on Einstein's fame and the role of scientific confirmation across national rivalries is highlighted.
The concept of a local universe versus the non-local implications of quantum entanglement is debated in the context of the EPR paradox.
Janet's thoughts on the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics are presented, including the idea that every quantum event spawns new universes.
The practical aspects of quantum teleportation are explained, emphasizing the difference between传送 (teleporting) information and physical teleportation.
The unique properties of black holes are discussed, noting their similarity to fundamental particles in terms of being indistinguishable and flawless.
Transcripts
so Janet your field of study most people
would say would be the most mind-blowing
science that anyone does you know I
could talk about stars and planets and
there's a tangibility to that the
expanding Universe it's a little weird
but it's not it doesn't blow your mind
you think about stuff that's like
what if time is a dimension the fourth
dimension can you make a hyper Cube
where time is the fourth dimension
usually we don't try to compactify time
I'm not saying no tried it is
H2O water everything we know and
understand and love about water requires
an ensemble of H2O if you pull out one
of them do you get to call that water we
might look deeper and deeper and instead
of finding Quantum bits of SpaceTime we
will only find pure quantum mechanics
with no gravity in it whatsoever one of
my favorite experiences is when I have a
huge shift when I'm shocked and I
realize I've had some kind of
preconceived notion that has just been
shattered reality isn't overrated but
realism is so there's a reality out
there but our attachment philosophically
to realism is misplaced all right I I
have to like digest this for a moment
I'm telling you right now this should be
the end of the show right
now this is Star Talk Neil degrass Tyson
you're a personal astrophysicist we've
got a start talk Cosmic queries today
with one of our favorites or Chuck is
she our very favorite uh she's our very
favorite theoretical physicist that's
for sure that is for sure totally I want
to know who's on this
list so Jan 11 welcome back to Star Talk
always fun to be here yeah very glad
Chuck was saying we're getting closer
and closer together here love it just
for the for just for the video for the
video you know why because we spent
three years zoomed away in our in our
so you're a theoretical physicist and
you're a professor a tow Professor
that's the the founder of your endowed
chair I guess yes I think we say TOA TAA
to Professor not get in trouble if I
don't say it right yeah not t just to to
the to Professor of astronomy and
physics at barard at antic Columbia
University which up the street here in
in New York City and uh you've written
several books and forgive me but all the
titles of your three books have merged
into one flow of words you say them
better than anybody else on the planet
so one of them is How the Universe Got
Its Spots How the Universe Got Its Spots
okay the other one was black hole
Survival Guide yes and the third one was
black hole Blues the black hole Blues
excellent there's one more I wrote a
novel what yeah I won I won like a pen
award for not for fiction yeah you guys
you guys know 1% about me I'm sorry I am
going to be your favorite by the end of
today W what's the novel so what's the
novel a Madman dreams of Turing machines
maybe the title's too long wow a Madman
dreams of Turing
machines Allan yeah okay it's a little
trippy wow sounds a long time ago oh wow
so it's it's it's a it's it's I thought
it was something that was relatively new
no it's not it's where you started so
that's where your heart is yeah well
every once in a while I dabble with
unfinished
fiction what a sentence that is oh my
gosh how many people get to say that
very cool very cool well all right it's
a it's a cosmic queries where our fan
base knows you and we left it wide open
fun just have to be in your belly Wick
is theoretical cosmological relativistic
physics and she she's ready for sheing
ready to throw down
but before we do I just want to catch up
on a few things um you are also very
active in Pioneer works just remind
people briefly what that is Pioneer
works is a cultural center it's pretty
new it's for Arts and Sciences it was
founded by artist Dustin Yellen and the
founding artistic director is Gabriel
Florence and then I came in as the
founding director of Sciences we're kind
of a Triad and we really have science
and art really rubbing together so we
have exhibitions for artists rubbing in
a good
way rub together in a bad way you want
you Chas some wd4 but this one is
rubbing so that they can influence yeah
and we're you know we're not crowbar
things together in a in a I I hope not a
fake way it's very uh genuine and
spirited it's a real labor of love so we
have organic we've had you NE we've had
you Chuck in We performed We performed a
live start talk at your space in
absolutely I wasn't there for that you
were not there for that I did something
totally different Paul marcero believe
was
our PA M
was yeah we do uh like we'll have an
exhibition about we had one for the
Hiroshima panels which were made in 1945
and then we had uh conversations with uh
scientists about nuclear energy and
nuclear weaponry and the history of
things like containment and so we we
riff off each other and you have a
social conscience in yes definitely def
we're not uh we don't prescribe anything
politically morally socially it's it's
radical as all art spaces have to be in
challenging challenging even to our own
ideas and but but it very much is a
place for Community I really believe
that science is part of culture it's at
the Forefront of culture along with art
music it doesn't have to be hidden like
a wall inside the Walnut of those other
things that that we have a community
around inside the waln that's good right
that's good so I believe like people
need a place to gather and and to be
together and to break bread and to talk
about things and think about things so
I'm very much Central to sort of our
thinking around the place if you come to
an event you'll stay after you'll hang
out in our garden we often have
telescopes scientists will Mill around
so you can ask them questions and
telescopes because you have a
relationship with the amateur
astronomies yes the the New York City
amateur yes the amateur astronomers
Association of New York are tried and
true they're Wonder member of them aming
10 years old yeah they bring out the
telescopes rain or shine they're always
there they're terrific for a while I was
getting Tes well they come out in the
rain because even so they'll be like
I'll show you what a telescope looks
like or how it operates like they're
really not observing shine but they're
there not observing rain or shine right
but they'll they'll they great events
around the city too if you join like if
you just want to look through a
telescope and see you know celestial
bodies like they set up on The High Line
and amazing go there m now you know
we're trying to build an observatory on
top iau wind of it this is our big
aspiration oh yeah yes and you know I
know you and I were talking about it and
there is a sense like ah I could buy a
telescope for a couple of grand and
it'll be great right and that is true
okay but we have this old telescope from
19 from
18 uh
9395 that is being refurbished and it's
just a stunning Museum quality piece and
it's very inspiring to have that and of
course we'll have modern telescopes
available but that kind of central piece
is going to be part of arts and
performances around it exhibition ethos
of what you're about yes it's Rance when
you when you refurbish it but you you
put in like new glass and better
actually no the glass is so excellent we
we know the provence of the uh of the
lenses and they're incredible they were
made by kind of people at the peak of
that kind of engineering and
craftsmanship cool very neat that's
that's amazing stuff that's amazing all
right let's hope we hoist it up on the
building without
incident so Jan your field of study is I
bet most people would say would be the
most mind-blowing science that anyone
does wow because it's just out it's out
there yeah you know I can talk about
stars and planets and there's a
tangibility to that even the
even the expanding Universe it's a
little weird but it's not it doesn't
blow your mind you think about stuff
that's like
what one of my favorite experiences when
I'm doing research is when I have a huge
shift when I'm shocked by something and
I realize I've had some kind of
preconceived notion that has just been
shattered nice and it's really amazing
I'm following the science I'm not
dragging it along right right and um
yeah itally blows your mind many people
who don't know the moving Frontier of
science think and I think want to
believe that somehow we all sit around
wanting to agree with one another right
but in fact the advance has come when
someone say I have I have an idea was it
uh Isaac azimoff said that true
scientific discovery is never Eureka
right it's that's odd yes just a little
thing totally AB that doesn't fit that
yeah and I love I really appreciate what
you're saying I really feel that debate
is not actually how scientists operate
they don't sit there trying to win an
argument that would be so unscientific
to do that no not at all you want to say
wait what what are you what are you
talking about and basically it's uh I
call BS yeah that's really in a nutshell
I call BS and then and then you got to
set about to prove it so Jenna what I
think you're saying is the way I've
described it is two scientists in
argument there's an Unwritten contract
between them okay okay either I'm right
and you're wron you're right and I'm
wrong or we're both wrong both right and
if we can't agree at the end of that
conversation we do agree that more or
better data will resolve it absolutely
in which case you could both be right
well so yes so there are the rarer case
where we're both right right if in the
in the in the classical example of the
the blind people touching an elephant
they give completely disparate accounts
right okay one is the trunk one is the
leg one is the toenails one is the tail
the Tusk and we can argue what the
actual nature of that animal
is but at the end of the day we're all
correct because it's all part of the
same animal and then there's a bigger
Vision a bigger Vision so the bigger
Visions are often very hard to reach but
that can happen and it it does it can
and does happen I totally agree with you
one thing that drives me a little CRA is
when people say oh science is always
overturning what came before completely
and rewriting so why should I believe in
and that's not true it's it's it's not
only not true it's very false it's very
false very false so so if we were
logicians we would we would care about
that distinction so if I look back at
what Newton did it is absolutely a part
of the elephant an excellent description
of a part of the elephant that he was
able to palpate at the time Einstein
comes along and it's
bigger the no right okay so you know
Einstein comes along and has a bigger
Vision but he absolutely requires of his
work that it match Newton right not that
it has nothing to do with Newton
suddenly when I pour my coffee it
doesn't go upward right right so um so
cumula closed Newton as a special case b
within a larger understanding of the
world right it was not overthrown it was
uh extended extended right cool right we
don't always anything that was
experiment Al determined to be true MH
previously does not all of a sudden
become false right it becomes embedded
in a deeper truth and that's true even
even when you look at Continental Drift
which famously was delayed had delayed
acceptance among geologists all the
while they're still trying to understand
volcanoes and and and they're still
trying and and and so they're coming up
with local accounts for what would
happen in a volcano when they had
continental drift that just attached to
the continental drift and there's a lot
of that science that was completely
portable into the new idea that the
surface of the Earth moves within
itself you ever wanted one of your
questions on the universe answered we
all have questions about the universe
black holes to quazars quantum
entanglement wormholes there is no end
to the depths of cosmic curiosity well
the entry level of patreon me membership
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think it starts at $5 a month you have
access to the question line that reaches
our Cosmic query programming and not
only that we produce a special Cosmic
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members if you weren't the director of
the Hayden planetarium what do you think
you would be doing what okay but this
have to be another Universe it wouldn't
happen in this universe okay I'd be
I'd be a a songwriter for Broadway
musicals oh so that's the entry level
and the perks ascend from there uh
there's a level in fact where we send
you a an autographed copy of one of my
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thank you for those who have already
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participate in this Grand Adventure of
what it is to bring the universe down to
earth as always keep looking up so I
wonder I wonder if we have any
mind-blowing questions that await us
well we have questions now whether or
not
mindblowing that remains to be seen
we're not going to blow Jan's mind blow
other people's mind oh maybe that's what
we'll find see if we can find a I'm
susceptible you know I'm vulnerable to
that find a question that blows Janna's
mind and and we'll send you a special
gift
which a piece of
my debris from the explosion there you
go all right this is David Garvin and
David says hello lady Levan Dr Tyson
Lord nice I'm David a mean mechical
engineer in Seattle now we know that
SpaceTime can stretch is there anything
within known physics which requires that
SpaceTime be infinitely elastic could
Dark Matter observations be plastic
deformation of SpaceTime dimples as you
will in SpaceTime which would be
noninteractive but are in two things we
now call
galaxies
wow okay so yeah tell me about the
stretchability yeah of space start there
well let's start there um really I think
it's more of a dark energy tie-in than a
dark matter tie-in so is there anything
that requires space is infinitely
elastic that can be stretched forever
probably not just like when I look at
the Continuum of water as I get closer
and closer and higher energy and more
microscopic I realize it's actually not
a continuous medium it's made up of
discrete pieces molecules and so it's
not infinitely Smooth by there's a big
big debate I don't know if it's still
raging but it was for a while in deep
philosophy literature is
H2O
water really fascinating okay right
because everything we know and
understand and love about water requires
an ensemble of h2os right but if you
pull out one of them is do you get to
call that water right yeah so
interesting philosophical challenge
that's where they're going there yeah so
so so you know water is not infinitely
stretchable in that sense in sense right
and and so uh if I looked at SpaceTime
at higher and higher energies and
smaller and smaller scales much much
smaller than what I need to look at for
water like trillions and trillions and
trillions of times smaller is something
we will never reach even in the most
powerful accelerators on Earth but
probably smaller than the atoms small
than the nucleus smaller than the
particles in the nucleus absolutely and
and probing energies we really haven't
seen since the Big Bang um but because
it takes high energy to get to those
that's right to those regimes absolutely
and because that's not always made
obvious when people talk about why do
you need a bigger accelerator right why
do you need high energy to look small
right but but uh but you do because you
need to get really in there you need to
get really high energies to probe into
the tiniest regions you got to bust in
otherwise you're just like kind of big
and lumbering and low energy you're
you're not sufficiently powerful to do
so at those scales we do think it's
completely conceivable that SpaceTime
will start to come in individual quanta
just like particles
and that we will find there are little
bits of SpaceTime so could it be like
almost like little manifolds it could be
all big origami so that would mean that
there's space in between SpaceTime well
then you have a hard time see that's a
very interesting question because then
you can't really talk about space and
time between if there's space and time
between then that is part of the
universe that we're talking about so now
you're just talking relationally in like
an abstract space that they relate to
each other but I can no longer think of
the distance between them in any
realistic way so isn't it true that
quantum physics requires that space be
quantized at some Quantum uh a excellent
question too quantum gravity requires
that space time be quantized but there
might not be a theory of quantum gravity
we might look deeper and deeper and
instead of finding Quantum bits of
SpaceTime we will only find pure quantum
mechanics with no gravity in it
whatsoever and that gravity emerges only
out of the collective of tons and tons
of these Quantum interactions that's
crazy so that just like water yeah it's
crazy so the quantum interactions
manifests as what we call Gravity the
way the Ensemble of H2O manifest as
watera and right and the same way you
would pull out a single molecule you're
not necessarily looking at water at that
point the same thing with the
you're tell you can't pull out a Quantum
uh and say is this gravity is this
SpaceTime anymore space anymore exactly
Chet you're saying gravity might not
exist as a fundamental thing in the
universe I'm saying gravity might not
exist as a fundamental thing in the
universe wow let's keep that between us
everybody else you didn't hear that you
didn't hear that cuz I don't want to
turn on the internet you know there's no
such thing as gravity now we're all well
there's no such thing as gravity I heard
it J 11 told me there's no such thing as
gravity okay I'm right now FL we don't
even know that we're floating so so I
would say you know there is such a thing
as gravity it's just a it only emerges
out of the collective Ensemble and just
like the temperature in this room only
emerges out of the collective Ensemble
of Bunches of particles but another
analogy I'd like to give is if we
imagine Quantum interactions or even
quantum entanglement complex things like
that as like threads sewn between
Quantum interactions out of those
threads like embroidery from a from a
macroscopic distance it might look like
there's a black hole Event Horizon for
instance out in SpaceTime but if I look
very closely I realize oh it's just sewn
together Quantum entangled threads and
it's not
fundamentally is love real is yeah yeah
love is real but it's a thread that goes
around your neck and slowly chokes you
it's a black hole it's a black hole in
your heart that can never be filled it's
a branch of strength theory that so as
somebody said to me recently um reality
isn't overrated but realism is wow so
there's a reality out there but our
attachment philosophically to realism is
misplaced all right I I have to like
digest this man I'm telling you right
now this this should be the end of the
show right CU that's I'm seriously
that's enough to think about for the
next I got I gotta like digest this wa
wait so Janet so why isn't or might it
why the plank length why isn't that the
Quantum of SpaceTime cuz I've read cuz I
try to trail behind you guys as you
think about this that I've heard that
there's nothing in principle asserting
that that is a quantization of space and
time it's just a convenient metric for
us to talk about things that small and
once I found out what it actually is I'm
like that ain't even
real like let's be honest well I think
what the plunk length tells you is the
scale at which we really have to be
concerned about these things where where
the universe is behaving in a way that
these questions are revealed and until
then it's really hard to say what's
going on because it's okay but that
itself is not the limit of your stretch
ability right no no well it yes I think
in some sense it will tell you the scale
at which these ideas break down you make
it sound like it's setting the
perspective but yeah so once you set the
perspective okay okay and now we know
can we then say all right half a plank
length well we what we can say is when
we if we were looking get there and then
you might get there if you get there you
know what I'm saying if you're in the
Big Bang
unhappily and uh that happens at the
plank energy scale where the energies
can probe plank lengths you will either
probably as far as we can understand
find individual bits of SpaceTime that
are quantized via a quantum gravity uh
description would be correct for that or
you will only find for instance little
Loops of string from string theory and
and they're all they they're not yet
SpaceTime hasn't yet emerged so I I'm
saying it's setting the scale at which
we would have the answer to that
question space is not even real I'm
telling you gravity is not real space
time's not real I don't know what to
believe anymore well to make it worse
even in Einstein
descrip to make it works no
all right I'll cover my ears okay I'm
even looking at books on your shelf that
might even talk about this so even at
the scales of big astrophysics where
SpaceTime seems to be doing really well
as a description you can rewrite the
entire theory of general relativity just
in terms of particle interactions you
don't have to resort to the geometry of
SpaceTime it's my preferred language but
uh as we say there's a lot of extras
that are required in that description
that aren't necessary I can simply look
at it like I would any particle
interaction two particles exchange a
graviton something happens I don't ever
need to resort to the whole beautiful
geometry I like to I prefer it but I can
cast it as what we would call a field
Theory just as easily oh wow so so and
that's how field Theory um because
there's no field well the gravitational
field would be a you know it has a spin
two particle associated with it just
like there's an electromagnetic field
with a spin Einstein had none of that
knowledge or awareness he's saying we
have
curv and so and it worked and it worked
it worked what you're saying even that
is a manifestation is a macroscopic
manifestation of something more
fundamental yeah you can think of that
as a Quantum field theory in a sense and
if you look at Steven Weinberg and the
great Geniuses like fan from that era
that were developing a Quantum
description of matter to my high school
just out
just an amazing
sound yeah I mean you can brag Sten
that's a nice Association so he he you
know showed that you can rewrite uh
Einstein's theory of general relativity
strictly in a field Theory language okay
it's very nice and so then like photons
are replaced by gravitons particle
charges electric charges are replaced by
mass charges and it works wow all Chuck
what's next up all right thank you David
gin I don't if I brain left for
any yeah um uh this is Judy
sad sad I'll say or Sade okay whatever
Judy hey Judy uh she says I you can't
say whatever about someone's name their
name I gave her a new last name it's
called
whatever all right go on no s a d h so
Sade I will say uh she says hi my name
is Judy I'm a second year Ohio State
student with an inquiry what are your
residual thoughts on cler entanglement
experiment and how it disproves our
local Universe do you still believe we
exist and does this Theory change how
physicists can view topology of the
observable
universe that question is so easy even
my driver knows the answer you know that
story with Einstein you don't know that
story so back in you know Einstein was
getting famouser by the day when
relativity was published but there
weren't many photos of people cu
newspapers you you couldn't put photos
in a paper yet really not really so no
one what he looked like he didn't have
that classic w we herea plus he was very
young he was 20 he was 30 years old oh
my gosh and so he would went around to
to give his tour and this is probably
just apocryphal but it's it's fun
nonetheless and the driver sits in every
one of his talks and and the driver they
come to some new location the driver
says you know I've heard I've heard your
talk I I think I could deliver your talk
oh my God and give you a day off and but
okay and so you you come you sit in the
back I'll give your talk no one will
know the difference he gives the talk to
resounding Applause and then someone
says uh Dr Einstein uh could you comment
on the topological defamation in the
field of the high density uh manner he
says that's such an easy question my but
my my driver can answer that question
poer driver in the back Einstein who's
Einstein that's fantastic that's classic
yeah while you're mentioning Einstein it
makes reminds me that what catapulted
his Fame in the englishspeaking world
was the eclipse of
1919 and you know less than six months
after World War I Europe's devastated
Germany and England were at War and uh
Edington as a pacifist uh the first
astrophysicist really of the century
yeah and uh a British scientist uh went
took an expedition off the coast of
Africa off the coast of prinkipia not
prinkipia that's the that's newtonburg
prpe
princie Newton's Newton's greatest work
is called prinkipia so they're off the
coast of Principe and they're observing
the eclipse and what edington's trying
to do is look for a star cluster behind
the sun because the light will be bent
by the curved SpaceTime of the Sun but
you need to block out the blinding solar
race to do so so you need a total
eclipse to make this measurement and in
fact he sees that a cluster that should
be behind the sun in fact is visible
meaning that the Rays have made it
around and into their telescopes and it
catapults Einstein's Fame in the
englishspeaking world and I always think
of it as like you know shadow of war and
I really feel like Edington did this
intentionally as a pacifist a British
person confirming a German scientist's
work because that transcends
all wow good story that's a good I don't
know if it'll make it into our Cosmic
queries and and by the way there was a
total solar e clipse in 1918 where they
could have done this a year earlier but
the war conditions prevented it it
wasn't safe to travel oh wow yeah crazy
all right well I feel like yeah I was
going to say basically what Judy is
saying is uh do you have any thoughts on
uh the K clauser experiment and how it
disproves the local universe
and do you believe that this Theory
would change how physics can view the
topology of the observable universe so
I'm not uh going to speak directly to
that particular experiment but there was
uh a kind of thought experiment that it
I know that that it must be referring to
which is the Einstein Podolski Rosen
argument um that uh qu mechanics is
absurd with those three names and often
called epr and their argument really
Einstein was very much trying to show
that quantum mechanics was absurd and an
argument he gave for the absurdity of
quantum mechanics is that it wasn't
local because let's say I entangle two
particles think of it as the quantum
version of a wishbone right wishing bone
right experiment A Wish Bone a
wishbone and uh two people break it
apart one person has the big piece one
little piece but the quantum version you
they're permanently entangled I put my
particle my part in my pocket you put
yours in your pocket but they're still
entangled there are neither in either
state yet there's still the potential
for both right you haven't Disturbed it
they're entangled there's two
possibilities I've got the big piece you
got the little piece vice versa but it
hasn't assumed either of those two
possibilities we don't know right I
travel to Andromeda and it's still like
that now the absurdity they said is now
let's say I look at my experiment find
out I have the big piece then you
automatically have the little piece or
the other person do exactly we know this
we all we know this we know this with
certainty and that's highly unlocal it
seems like information traveling fast in
the speed of light because that that
would mean that you're breaking the
speed of light law now Belle came along
and I assume that this experiment is in
that spirit and showed that in fact
Einstein was right and wrong they were
right that experiment shows that it's
non-local and all the statistics of the
experiment are consistent with the
non-local Al ity of quantum mechanics so
it's not local what does that say about
anything that we think of as local you
know most of the stuff we think of as
local is because it's big lumbering lots
of particles and that experiment is
impossible because it requires such
delicacy and uh even the temperature in
this room the particles bouncing around
would collapse any
attempts you can imagine a world where
we are not these lumbering macroscopic
things we are particles that are
entangled with something else at
addition distance so that in that way
the entire universe would be holding
hands with itself yeah I mean there's
lots of great science fiction uh plots
that hinge on these
simultaneous things existing at once in
seemingly in conflict and of course this
goes back to schod ander's famous cat
which is simultaneously alive and dead
so I I think that the question about how
does it affect the topology of the
Universe I don't think it's going to
affect the observable topology for all
the same reasons topology is the
connectedness of the SpaceTime not just
its local curves but like if I pound out
what I find that the Universe wraps back
onto itself and it has handles and holes
it's like if you're local you you step
away but you see the the local region
but if we're connected to another local
region you're not seeing the whole
picture yeah you can't see the whole
picture so it's like looking at a little
patch of the earth and not realizing oh
if I walk in a straight line I'm going
to actually come all the way back to
where I started m people saw a little
patch of the earth and didn't know it
was round yeah correct so it's its
topology is Simply Connected but Compact
and finite the Earth surface isn't
infinite and know it is not flat and
know you will not sail off the edge you
got that so that is the topology of the
earth you were arguing it was
flat I still stand by
that so what I will say is that if you
looked at the topology of possibly small
extra Dimensions um we might see some
Curious quantum effects
there okay so it's possible that there's
a whole bunch of other dimensions are
just really teeny tiny wrapped up real
small hello Star Talk averse Neil
degrass Tyson here your host of the Star
Talk podcast I'm here to announce that
we just opened a brand new channel on
YouTube called Star Talk Plus and that's
where we're going to bring all kinds of
innovative
content that doesn't quite fit on our
flag Ship Channel but they will involve
experiments in what we create what your
reaction might be to what we create and
it's going to be our Skunk Works as it
were to borrow a term from
Aerospace so I look forward to sharing
all of this new content with you and
check it out if you have a chance oh man
that takes us to our next question you
just walked right into William Walker's
question and he says hello to you all
Lord nice Dr Tyson Dr Len I've read that
the consensus among professionals is
that the math supports a universe of 11
Dimensions assuming this is generally
accepted even if we cannot observe these
other dimensions have they been
described or labeled I've always been
confused about how a tesseract is
supposedly a fourth-dimensional object
when we also describe time as the fourth
dimension thanks for all you do yeah I
love that so so
not to repeat his question but I want to
sharpen it in a different way when we
talk about hyper Cube those are four
spatial Dimensions time is not one of
those Dimensions but if time is a
dimension the fourth dimension can you
make a hyper Cube where time is the
fourth dimension or do you need four
spatial dimensions for that uh well
that's a tricky question so I just to
clarify in the Marvel series the
Tesseract that they describe and they
look at and they bring out it's a
mathematically real right so usually we
don't try to compactify time I'm not
saying no one's tried it the problem
with compactifying time is so so when I
compactify space we try not compactify
time it's frowned upon yes so you know
if space sometimes fail right so you
know on the earth I can talk about my
local left and right but there's no
Global left and right right if I go to
the right I'll just come back on the
left again so left is really really far
to my right make a right but three right
to make a
left so in time you don't want to be
able to come back to where you started
you don't want to be able to travel
forward and that it's wrapped back into
your past and connected they did that in
the movie arrival yeah they do that in
movies was so weird it was weird that
was a weird it has been tried and
sometimes it has some very cool
implications but um so you say it's fun
Al a different kind of Dimension yes it
is fundamentally a different kind of
Dimension you can though tell us and all
my relativity professors told me it's
just another dimension you calculate
with it and so still a little different
I know exactly what you mean it is
another dimension but one way to say it
is is sometimes we call ukian space to
be space it means all the dimensions are
on equal footing I can rotate between
them just by doing a normal rotation
that we're used to doing I can rotate my
left into your left just by physically
rotating okay right but in so in other
words you're facing him and put these
two hands together it's my left hand
against his right hand but I can turn
around and now my hand is lined up with
so we know a spatial rotation aligns
things and that's great with time you
can't do a spatial rotation I can't
spatially rotate into time I have to do
something called um sometimes a lorence
boost it's a kind of a rotation in space
time lorence boost a Lorent boost theim
in the health store it's next to the
testosterone boost right Len boost boost
right and and if you're at a restaurant
it's right before the am
boo well if you do one of these you can
rotate space and time into space and
different spacetimes and we can you know
if you're traveling past me and I say
your your clock is running slowly
relative to mine Etc I can realign Us by
doing a boost it's equivalent to me
coming up to your speed and some sense I
got you but all that to say is it's much
harder to
compactify
spaces that have this space-time
difference you can do it mathematically
but the question is will physics allow
it can I can I make sense of physics on
a space that also has a compact time I
can certainly make the mathematical
object but but um you know of course the
problem is the famous grandfather
Paradox where I could go back and murder
my grandfather before my parent was born
and thereby violent right so just just
have not meet each other so well
actually that's actually part of the
resolution is that well what would be
consistent with that compact time would
be if I tried to go back in time and I
tried to murder my grandfather right but
I just injured him severely so that he
was neurologically damaged and had
terrible children and I therefore was so
deranged that I went back and tried to
injure him right it's odd that it's not
the grandmother
because you could still kill the
grandfather and have it make no change
in you having been born that's right
that's the truth you could so you end up
still being born you're just like oh my
God my grandmother cheated on my that's
what I'm saying it's the
Milkman all right you keep going okay
this is Morgan fiser he says hi Dr Tyson
Dr L Lord nice Morgan he him
here from waterl Ontario where Dr Levan
gave a brief talk at the perimeter
Institute back in 2017 and I was honored
to attend wow look at that you made an
impression 2017 and he's still like I'm
still thinking about still a fan still a
fan can you please explain in layman's
terms the fundamentals of Hugh Everett's
many worlds interpretation from what I
understand every Quantum fluctuation
could mean the spawning of an entire new
universe while the universes are under
no obligation to us as Dr Tyson says
makes sense this seems so bizarre so
peculiar so outlandish wow that was very
uh will Shatner of me uh it that it
seems that it seems to defy every bit of
both common sense and physical reality
for instance where does all this new
Mass come from when the new universe is
created wow yeah I so there there I will
say I am not an avid proponent of the
many worlds interpretation of quantum
mechanics well there you go Nei but I am
surprised at how many of my peers are
and I did a kind of
anecdotal survey amongst friends and I
was surprised how many said oh yeah yeah
I really think it's the many worlds
interpretation I I do not think that but
let's just quickly describe the many
worlds interpretation it says it doesn't
even have to be as fancy as quantum
entanglement just says a particle can be
in uh more than one state so the analogy
I like to give I don't know if I've done
it here before is is chords in music
versus individual notes in music okay so
let's say I play a chord and it's a
definite chord right that is a
superposition of certain notes so I
can't simultaneously be in a single
state of one
note and in the state of the chords
correct right so particles can be like
this if they're in a particular place
what an eloquent
piction that's because I live with
musicians that is amazing what you just
said there I mean that is beautiful it's
almost painterly the way because when
you you don't think of uh a musical
chord as something physical but it is
indeed physical it is the
reverberation of the sound and at the
same time they
coexist as one however you can identify
every note in the chord the same time
that is freaking amazing yeah isn't that
amazing I am surrounded by musicians I
myself can't play but but in in the
universe it's just like this if I have a
particle in a particular state right
it's in it's like a cord where there
superposition of momentum States I no
longer have a precise definitive state
of of its motion right and so it's like
positions are chords where momenta are
the notes or vice versa I can have an ex
exact location on its momentum but now I
don't know where it is in space it's
like a cord it has a superp position of
positions pretty crazy man it's pretty
nice that is that's that's wow so the
many worlds interpretation says okay now
let's say it assumes a definite position
State it's in like the superposition of
locations this particle but now I get it
to assume a specific State and it could
have assumed any one Let's Pretend with
equal waiting it doesn't really matter
uh the many world says well every one of
those things
happened it's just there's a you in one
world which found the particle over here
to the left let's say and there's a u in
another world which found the particle
to the right and they branched off and
now there's Just Two Worlds isn't this
their attempt to try to make sense
classical sense of something that is
inherently non-classical I think that
that's true I think there is a deeper
thinking to it that is intriguing which
is to say if we really believe schro
ander's equation if which describes
these superp positions if we really
believe quantum mechanics as it is now
with no added ingredients it is actually
the barest interpretation it's the most
minimal interpretation of quantum
mechanics now these questions are great
about what does that mean about all the
mass of the entire universe reproduced
it it it doesn't it's it's hard to talk
about it in that way but see if you're
from the way you just explained if this
is uh we'll call it a superstate where
these positions are already assumed
you're not really creating a new
universe you're just realizing a
universe at that particular point where
you ni say where you actually make uh
take the position so when you assume the
position uh when you do that state now
becomes solidified we'll say that's all
so you didn't create a new Universe no
you didn't you didn't you didn't do
anything you were always in a super
position yourself of of finding it here
and there exactly so again this is a
kind of shinger cat argument but it's
not as though part of the mass of the
particles over here and part of the mass
of the particles over there that's not
the whole particle is either here or
there and and in fact the particle isn't
real back to realism in the way that we
used to think the only thing that's real
and deterministic and and has all the
properties we used to assign to
particles is the probability what we
call the wave function and CH well
remind me the next time we have Janet in
here to make sure I take an edible
before I do the show cuz I can't smoke
in this office but I can dog on Shore
swallow a gummy before I come in here
that is something else man well one more
small thing about this if I could is it
means that if you're doing this with a
coin toss like a particle heads up or
heads down it means that there is
factually a world if this were true in
which somebody every single coin toss
gets heads right and they have to walk
away and say oh I'm just that that
unlucky guy in the Multiverse who
happens to get heads every time right
because that would be hard harder to to
swallow that yeah it doesn't sound great
but but uh then again I don't think
nature cares about our plans for
understanding the world so I don't use
that as my argument for why I don't
think it's true but um but it certainly
would be
peculiar cool Chuck we hardly have any
time left let's see if it's possible for
us to answer two questions in a in half
the time yeah all right do the math
right two questions in half the time
does that work out Works number two in
two locations well then uh it'll be a
little bit more than that because Logan
Davis has a two-parter he says greetings
from Alabama I have two questions that
are somewhat related one if uh if you
were a the mass of a black hole would
your gravity affect your flow of time
and two does the speed of an object's
vibration affect its flow of time I love
that look at
that well this is an intriguing question
different observers around a black hole
experience a different passage of time
it's not as though the black hole sets
an absolute notion of time so let's say
I'm hovering right outside the Event
Horizon of a black hole and I'm firing
my like crazy and I'm trying to escape I
will measure a very very different time
than somebody who's passing right by me
we can look each other in the eye and
it's like I'm just going to succumb to
the fall and I'm going to go right
through the Event Horizon we will not
agree on the passage of time so it's not
as though at a particular SpaceTime
point the black hole fixes the passage
of time gotta so it certainly affects
the passage of time of anyone trying to
navigate or explore but how they
navigate and explore
matters okay um so that's maybe an
partial answer to that one and um does
the speed of an object's vibration
affect its flow of time that's
interesting because it seems to me if
you have a vibrating membrane or drum
then the middle is moving faster than
the outer edges so yeah so whatever is
the relativistic effects will affect the
middle of the drum more than the edges
of the drume I agree so I would yeah I
would say
you know it's always relative to
something as Neil you just cautiously
laid out because it's not as though the
person with the clock in the middle is
going to say hey my time's funky
everyone always thinks their time's fine
yeah right your time is messed up it's
your time it's messed up so it's the
relative vibration to some other part
will yes be for sure be affected by any
motion mhm wow that's great stuff all
right last question this is Lyn Newton
Lynn says hello Dr Levan Dr Tyson your
lordship uh I saw Dr Levan a post on
Twitter recently about Quantum
teleporting of a molecule that was
achieved and I'm wondering if you can
tell us a bit more about what that is in
Lay person's
terms well this is related to quantum
entanglement okay so in quantum
teleportation what they're trying to do
is entangle two
particles and uh and then and it gives
you a mechanism by which you can throw
information from one particle to the
other without you know clumping in
between and uh the non-locality that we
were talking about in the previous
question so um in those entanglement you
still have to sometimes communicate
information ahead of time so it's a
little bit sneaky like you have to send
you have to send plans you know through
the mail which is slower than light
but you don't have to send 100% of the
information you just have to have a a
plan and you send it across and then you
kind of have to break Crush some of the
information on one side to get it out
and it gets tossed or reappears in some
sense as though the molecule itself was
teleported so if you were talking about
this with a person you basically have to
destroy Chuck and Neil here and to to
reproduce them on the planet allowed to
say it was teleported it's not just some
Tri that would be quantum teleportation
I mean if it's exactly you know I if you
give me an electron I can't tell you
which electron it is in the universe
it's it's it's just it there's no
experiment I can perform it's identical
to every other electron and so it's a
it's might as well be exactly the same
electron I don't know what it means to
say no this one's not the same
electron wow so if I Quantum teleport it
I have no logical way way of saying it's
not exactly the same particle did you
hear about the idea where the universe
repeats but there's a soul electron that
is going forward and then backwards
through time that fleshes out the
existence of every other
electron so that the reason why the
electrons are identical is because it's
the same
electron and it it's gone through the
universe this many times to then
populate right yeah yes it's just so
it's doing a lot it's doing a lot here
so everything so basically everything we
see there just one
electron all around us all ID a whole
chapter in my quantum physics book
called identical particles right just to
get you to understand what that me and
in the context of this conversation the
reason why black holes are so odd and
you were talking about this earlier you
talk about stars and planets and things
black holes are peculiar because they
are like fundamental particles they have
something in common with fundamental
particles and that is that they are
Flawless and indistinguishable so once a
black hole is you can throw things on it
and it can be active but once it settles
down to a pure bare black hole with
nothing else going on it is
indistinguishable there's no experiment
I can perform to tell me which one it is
from every other black hole with that
mass charge or Spin and in that sense it
shares more in common with fundamental
particles than it does with with matter
look at I mean I'm sorry with physical
things like stars and planets look at
that
yeah that's pretty wild yeah it's pretty
weird so we think black holes were
created as Quantum particles in the Big
Bang very very small plank scale black
holes they would evaporate quickly they
would evaporate very quickly yeah so
through Hawking radiation the smaller
the black hole the hotter they are so
they actually explode MH yeah wellow
yeah fact I think his original paper was
primordial black no I don't know what
the original paper is one of his papers
described the search for evaporating
black holes as bursts of
gamas that's the last gasp of a black
hole as it dies and I think the
wavelength of the light that it emits is
the diameter of the Event Horizon right
as it gets smaller and smaller the
wavelength gets smaller and smaller and
the energy of the light gets higher and
higher exactly wow yeah exactly that's
all the time we have that's it damn how
you guys feeling I'm exhausted I'm so
tired my God I just stock some got me
bear for
you Edibles so Janice it's you don't
come by often enough I think I yeah it's
always fun to be here all that far away
we got to make sure and we were
delighted to do that event at Pioneer
works oh I'm so glad yeah that was so we
should collaborate more on that
absolutely love it all right all right
guys so let me just reflect on this for
a moment when we think about life and
everything that matters to us we think
about tangible objects I'm speaking to a
microphone I'm wearing clothing I'm but
there some people among us who think way
deeper thoughts than that like how does
it all work and why does it work in that
way and it's much of it sounds
completely irrelevant it'll probably
forever be
irrelevant however let's remind
ourselves what it is to be
human we
are comfortable sleeping on our
backs and we sleep at
night if we wake up at night what are
you looking at you're looking at the
night sky looking at objects that are
there one night and move the next
night there's a curiosity that
we can natively Embrace that other
animals have no access to because they
never look up there's a beetle ever look
up do I don't know I've never asked one
but I don't think so we look up and we
see things change and it stimulates our
curiosity a curiosity about things that
have nothing to do with life on Earth
not directly or maybe not ever but that
curiosity is fundamental to what it is
to be
human and when we study cosmology the
origin of the universe the birth the
death that is a fulfillment of what it
is to be human in the first place and I
wouldn't trade that for
anything that's a cosmic
perspective Neil degrass Tyson coming to
you from my office at the Hayden
planetarium right here at the American
Museum of Natural History I thank Chuck
danana for being on a pleasure and as
always I bid you to keep looking up
[Music]
関連動画をさらに表示
¿Qué es ciencia? - Definición de la ciencia
Los científicos han descubierto la entidad que crea el Universo
Constitución de la subjetividad
Quién creó la “nada” de la que se formó nuestro universo
Este vídeo SÍ te va a volar la cabeza: ¿Qué es el TIEMPO?
¿Cómo inició el Universo? (ft. Javier Santaolalla, Date un Voltio)
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