Kerajaan Hindu: Majapahit dengan Sumpah Palapa - Seri Kerajaan di Indonesia

Summary

The video explores the fascinating history of the Majapahit Kingdom, starting with its rise through Raden Wijaya’s strategic alliances and the fall of Kediri. It delves into the struggles faced by the kingdom, such as internal rebellions and external threats, notably from the Chinese. Key figures like Gajah Mada, who played a crucial role in expanding Majapahit's territories and consolidating power through his 'Palapa Oath,' are highlighted. The kingdom’s success in maritime expansion, along with its agricultural base, is emphasized, before discussing its eventual decline after Gajah Mada’s death.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Majapahit Kingdom's name origin was discussed in a previous video, setting the context for the current exploration of its history.
• 😀 In 1275, the Chinese military, sent by Kubilai Khan, arrived in Tuban to punish Kertanegara for insulting Kubilai, but this event led to an opportunity for Raden Wijaya to avenge Jayakatwang.
• 😀 Raden Wijaya allied with the Chinese forces, ultimately defeating Jayakatwang, the ruler of Kediri, and avenging the insult to Kubilai Khan.
• 😀 Afterward, Raden Wijaya tricked the Chinese soldiers by hosting a feast, and while they were drunk, his forces attacked, leading to many deaths and some survivors returning to China.
• 😀 In 1293, Raden Wijaya became the first king of Majapahit, taking the title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, but he passed away in 1309.
• 😀 Upon Raden Wijaya's death, his son, Jayanegara, succeeded him as king, but his reign was marked by multiple rebellions, including the Ranggalawe rebellion in 1300 and the Sora rebellion in 1311.
• 😀 The most dangerous rebellion during Jayanegara's reign was the Kuti rebellion, led by a noble named Dharma Putra, which was ultimately suppressed by Gajah Mada.
• 😀 Following the suppression of the Kuti rebellion, Gajah Mada rose to the position of Patih, becoming a key figure in Majapahit's history.
• 😀 Jayanegara was succeeded by his sister Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, who ruled until 1331 when a new rebellion led by Sadeng arose. Gajah Mada was appointed to quell this unrest.
• 😀 After the rebellion was crushed, Gajah Mada became the Prime Minister of Majapahit and swore the famous Sumpah Palapa, pledging to unify the archipelago under Majapahit's rule.
• 😀 Under Gajah Mada's leadership, Majapahit expanded its territories, conquering regions like Dompu, Bali, and parts of Southeast Asia, including Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.
• 😀 Majapahit thrived both as a maritime and agrarian kingdom, known for its strong navy, agricultural prosperity, and legal frameworks like the 'Utara Mana Wah' law book, drafted by Gajah Mada.

Q & A

What was the origin of the Majapahit Kingdom's name?

The origin of the Majapahit Kingdom's name was discussed in a previous video, but the transcript does not go into further detail in this segment.

How did Raden Wijaya take advantage of the Chinese army's arrival?

Raden Wijaya saw the Chinese army, sent by Kubilai Khan, as an opportunity to seek revenge against Jayakatwang, the king of Kediri. By aligning with the Chinese forces, he was able to defeat Kediri and capture Jayakatwang, leading to his death.

What happened after Raden Wijaya defeated the Chinese army?

After Raden Wijaya defeated the Chinese army, he orchestrated a strategic move to expel the Chinese by hosting a large feast where the Chinese soldiers became intoxicated. He then attacked them, leading to significant casualties, although some survived and returned home.

What is Raden Wijaya's role in Majapahit history?

Raden Wijaya became the first king of Majapahit in 1293, taking the title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana after successfully overcoming both internal and external threats.

What were the challenges faced by Majapahit under Jayanegara's rule?

Under Jayanegara, Majapahit faced numerous rebellions, including the Ranggalawe Rebellion (1300), Sora Rebellion (1311), and Nambi Rebellion (1316). This caused instability and fear among the people.

How did Gajah Mada contribute to Majapahit during Jayanegara's reign?

Gajah Mada played a crucial role in suppressing the Kuti Rebellion, which was a significant threat. After his success, he was appointed as Patih (Prime Minister) and led the kingdom's forces in subsequent actions.

What was the significance of Gajah Mada's Oath of Palapa?

Gajah Mada's Oath of Palapa was a vow to unite the archipelago under Majapahit rule. His oath symbolized his commitment to expanding Majapahit's influence across the Nusantara, which he pursued through military and diplomatic efforts.

How did Majapahit expand its territory during the reign of Hayam Wuruk?

Under King Hayam Wuruk, Majapahit reached its zenith, expanding its territory to include regions like Dompu, Bali, and parts of the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom also had important maritime and agrarian influence, with key ports such as Ujung Galih and Tuban.

What was Gajah Mada's role in legal matters in Majapahit?

Gajah Mada was also known as an expert in law, and he compiled the Utara Mana Wah, a legal code that became the foundation of Majapahit's legal system.

What led to the decline of Majapahit after Gajah Mada's death?

After Gajah Mada's death in 1364, Majapahit struggled to find a successor who could maintain its power and stability, leading to a gradual decline in the kingdom's influence.