Asal Usul Resolusi Jihad 22 Oktober 1945.

Summary

The video script details the pivotal moments leading to the 1945 Surabaya Uprising, focusing on Indonesia's resistance against British colonial forces after World War II. It highlights the key role of Indonesia's leaders, particularly Bung Karno and General Sudirman, as well as the influential religious leaders of NU (Nahdlatul Ulama). The resolution jihad called for armed resistance, galvanizing thousands of Muslims, especially from pesantren, to fight for independence. The fierce three-day battle in Surabaya marked a significant victory for Indonesian forces, despite overwhelming odds, culminating in a symbolic national triumph for Indonesia's independence.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script describes a critical moment in Indonesia's struggle for independence during the post-World War II period, highlighting the leadership of Bung Karno and his interactions with military and religious figures.
• 😀 The first section of the script emphasizes Bung Karno's concerns about Indonesia's military capability against the Allied forces, which were well-armed and better trained.
• 😀 General Sudirman advised Bung Karno to send a special envoy to the prominent Islamic scholar, Kyai Haji Hasim Asari, to gather support for Indonesia's independence.
• 😀 Kyai Haji Hasim Asari convened a meeting of key figures from Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), which led to the drafting of the 'Resolusi Jihad' on October 22, 1945.
• 😀 The 'Resolusi Jihad' declared that all Muslims, regardless of age or economic status, were obligated to fight the foreign forces that obstructed Indonesia's independence.
• 😀 The resolution also proclaimed that those who died fighting for Indonesia's independence were martyrs, while those who supported the Dutch were seen as traitors and should be punished.
• 😀 The 'Resolusi Jihad' document was widely disseminated across Java and Madura and was published in movement media, fueling a surge in resistance.
• 😀 On October 27, 1945, around 6,000 British soldiers landed in Surabaya, triggering widespread mobilization of NU fighters and religious leaders.
• 😀 This led to the famous Battle of Surabaya, which lasted for three days (October 27-29, 1945), where the local fighters successfully resisted the British forces, despite being outnumbered.
• 😀 After initial negotiations between the Indonesian government and the British on October 30, 1945, the ceasefire broke down, and the battle resumed with fierce resistance, symbolizing Indonesia's determination for independence.

Q & A

What was Bung Karno's initial concern regarding the possibility of a war?

Bung Karno was concerned that Indonesia would not be able to defeat the Allies in a war, as their military was better equipped and more experienced.

Why was General Sudirman involved in advising Bung Karno?

General Sudirman advised Bung Karno to send a special envoy to seek the guidance of Kyai Haji Hasim Asari, a prominent leader of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), to address the situation.

What role did Kyai Haji Hasim Asari play during this period?

Kyai Haji Hasim Asari led a crucial meeting of NU leaders and played a key role in shaping the response to the growing threat, including issuing the 'Resolusi Jihad' (Jihad Resolution).

What was the content of the 'Resolusi Jihad' issued by NU?

The 'Resolusi Jihad' declared that every Muslim, regardless of age or status, had the obligation to fight against those who obstructed Indonesia's independence. It also stated that those who died fighting for Indonesia's independence would be considered martyrs.

What impact did the 'Resolusi Jihad' have on the Indonesian resistance?

The 'Resolusi Jihad' significantly boosted the morale of the Indonesian resistance, leading to widespread mobilization of NU members, including thousands of students (santri) and clerics, to fight the Allies.

How did the battle in Surabaya unfold after the resolution?

After the 'Resolusi Jihad,' around 6,000 Allied troops landed in Surabaya, and the situation escalated into fierce battles. The Indonesian resistance, including NU fighters, mounted a strong defense, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides.

What was the outcome of the Surabaya battle?

The Surabaya battle, which lasted for three days from October 27 to 29, 1945, saw the British forces suffer significant defeats. Despite the ceasefire being negotiated on October 30, the situation remained volatile.

What role did the youth of Surabaya play in the conflict?

Young Indonesians, particularly from Surabaya, played a crucial role in resisting British forces, with one notable figure being a youth named Soetomo, who delivered a passionate speech against the British threat, urging the people to fight back.

What was the significance of the Surabaya battle for Indonesian independence?

The Surabaya battle was a pivotal moment in Indonesia's struggle for independence. It marked a fierce and determined defense against colonial forces, signaling Indonesia's commitment to sovereignty and resistance to foreign intervention.

How did the international community view the Surabaya battle?

The Surabaya battle was seen as a humiliating defeat for the British, who expected to take control of Surabaya in three days. The loss of high-ranking officers, including General Robert Man, demonstrated the resilience and strength of the Indonesian fighters.