Layers of the Atmosphere (Animation)
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses the Earth's atmosphere, a protective layer of gases that shields the planet from harmful radiation and cosmic rays. It is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, each with unique characteristics and functions. The troposphere, closest to Earth, contains most of the air and water vapor, influencing weather. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, crucial for absorbing UV radiation. The mesosphere is where meteors burn up, while the thermosphere experiences extreme temperatures and is home to auroras. The exosphere is the outermost layer, where gases can escape into space, and satellites orbit.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The Earth's atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shields the planet from harmful radiation and cosmic rays.
- 🏔️ The atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
- 🌤️ The troposphere is the lowest layer, extending about 12 kilometers above the Earth's surface, and contains most of the atmosphere's air and water vapor.
- 🛰️ The stratosphere contains a protective ozone layer that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
- 🌌 The mesosphere is the third layer, where most meteors burn up due to friction and momentum.
- 🌡️ The thermosphere has extremely high temperatures and is where the aurora occurs and satellites orbit.
- 🌀 The exosphere is the outermost layer, transitioning into space, where atoms and molecules can escape into space.
- 📉 Temperature in the atmosphere decreases with altitude in the troposphere until the tropopause is reached.
- 🔥 In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer.
- ❄️ The mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere, with temperatures dropping due to low air density and the cooling effect of carbon dioxide.
- 🌞 The thermosphere experiences temperatures exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius due to direct absorption of solar radiation.
Q & A
What is the primary function of Earth's atmosphere?
-Earth's atmosphere primarily protects the planet from harmful radiations and cosmic rays coming from outer space and helps maintain a nearly constant average temperature.
How many main layers does Earth's atmosphere have?
-Earth's atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere.
What is the troposphere and how high does it extend?
-The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the ground to about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles), and contains approximately 75% of all the air in the atmosphere.
What is the composition of air in the troposphere?
-Air in the troposphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon, and small amounts of additional gases including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
What is the significance of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
-The ozone layer in the stratosphere is a thin layer of ozone molecules that absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, protecting life on Earth.
Why do meteors typically burn up in the mesosphere?
-Meteors burn up in the mesosphere due to friction and momentum as they travel through the atmosphere, and because there are fewer air molecules to absorb the incoming electromagnetic radiation from the Sun.
What is unique about the temperature in the thermosphere?
-The thermosphere has extremely high temperatures, which can rise continually to well beyond 1000 degrees Celsius, due to the absorption of solar radiation.
How does the exosphere differ from the other layers of the atmosphere?
-The exosphere is almost a vacuum with very thin air, and it represents the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending to 10,000 kilometers (6214 miles) above the Earth's surface.
Why does the temperature decrease with altitude in the troposphere?
-In the troposphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude because the air is denser and more heat is absorbed at the lower levels, with less heat being absorbed at higher altitudes.
How does the temperature in the stratosphere change with altitude?
-In the stratosphere, the temperature increases with altitude due to the absorption of shortwave ultraviolet radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which converts the radiation into heat.
What causes the cold temperatures in the mesosphere?
-The mesosphere has the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere because there are fewer air particles to absorb heat, and carbon dioxide molecules in this layer release heat through radiative emission, leading to a temperature drop.
Outlines
🌏 Earth's Atmospheric Layers
The Earth's atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shields the planet from harmful radiation and cosmic rays. It maintains a stable average temperature and is divided into five main layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The troposphere is the closest to Earth's surface, extending up to about 12 kilometers and containing approximately 75% of the atmosphere's air along with most of its water vapor. It is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (1%), with traces of other gases. The stratosphere lies above the troposphere and contains a protective ozone layer that absorbs ultraviolet radiation. It is the domain of high-altitude weather balloons and aircraft. The mesosphere is positioned above the stratosphere and is where most meteors burn up due to friction and momentum.
🔥 Temperature Variations in the Atmosphere
The thermosphere, characterized by extremely high temperatures, is located above the mesosphere. It extends to about 700 kilometers and is where the aurora occurs and satellites operate. The exosphere is the outermost layer, reaching to 10,000 kilometers, where atoms and molecules can escape into space, and high-altitude satellites orbit. The temperature profile shows a decrease from the surface up to the stratosphere, followed by an increase in the stratosphere due to ozone absorbing ultraviolet radiation. The mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere, with temperatures dropping due to the lack of heat absorption and the cooling effect of carbon dioxide. The thermosphere experiences a continuous rise in temperature due to solar radiation, which is absorbed by the sparse atmospheric gases present.
🌡️ Atmospheric Temperature and Energy Dynamics
During the day, solar energy passes through the atmosphere, warming the Earth's surface. The heat is then transferred back to the tropospheric air through conduction and convection. The stratosphere, being dry and with concentrated ozone, absorbs shortwave ultraviolet radiation, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude. The mesosphere is the coldest due to low air density and the cooling effect of carbon dioxide, which absorbs and re-emits heat as photons, carrying it away from the layer. The thermosphere experiences extremely high temperatures as it absorbs a significant portion of the solar radiation, with little to no atmospheric gases to absorb the heat, leading to a temperature that can exceed 1000 degrees Celsius. The exosphere, being almost a vacuum, has variable temperatures that can range from very cold to over 1,700 degrees Celsius, influenced by the day-night cycle.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Atmosphere
💡Troposphere
💡Stratosphere
💡Mesosphere
💡Thermosphere
💡Exosphere
💡Tropopause
💡Stratopause
💡Mesopause
💡Ozone Layer
💡Aurora
Highlights
Earth's atmosphere is composed of five main layers that protect the planet from harmful radiations and cosmic rays.
The troposphere is the lowest layer and is responsible for weather changes, extending approximately 12 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
The stratosphere contains a protective ozone layer that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
The mesosphere is the third atmospheric layer where most meteors burn up due to friction and momentum.
The thermosphere features extremely high temperatures and is the layer where auroras occur and satellites orbit.
The exosphere is the outermost layer, transitioning into space, where atoms and molecules can escape into space.
The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude, reaching a minimum at the tropopause.
The stratosphere experiences an increase in temperature with height due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone.
The mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere, with temperatures dropping due to low air density and the cooling effect of carbon dioxide.
In the thermosphere, temperatures rise continually due to the absorption of solar radiation, reaching over 1000 degrees Celsius.
The exosphere's temperature varies greatly, influenced by the vacuum-like conditions and direct solar radiation.
Air balloons fly within the troposphere, taking advantage of the weather patterns and air density.
High-altitude weather balloons are used for monitoring atmospheric conditions and climate research in the stratosphere.
The stratopause marks the boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere, where temperatures are extremely low.
The mesopause is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere, separating the mesosphere from the thermosphere.
Auroras in the thermosphere are caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high-altitude atmosphere.
Satellites orbit in the exosphere, where the atmosphere is so thin that it doesn't significantly transfer heat.
The temperature profile of the atmosphere is influenced by the absorption and reflection of solar radiation at different altitudes.
Transcripts
layers of the atmosphere the Earth's atmosphere is the layers of the gases which protects the earth
from the radiations and cosmic rays coming from the outer space this atmosphere acts
as a blanket because it keeps the average temperature of the earth nearly constant
Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main layers these layers are the troposphere
the stratosphere
the mesosphere
the thermosphere
and the exosphere
the troposphere Trampas means change this layer gets its name from the weather that
is constantly changing and mixing up the guesses in this part of our atmosphere
this layer is the closest to Earth's surface on average the troposphere
extends from the ground to about 12 kilometers were 7.5 miles I
the troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere
and almost all of the water vapor which forms clouds and rain in this
layer air is made up of approximately 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen and 1% argon
with small amounts of additional gases including water vapor and carbon dioxide
hot-air balloons fly within the troposphere
you
the stratosphere
Scrat means layer this layer of our atmosphere has its own set of layers the boundary between
the stratosphere and the troposphere is called the tropopause it is the region where airplanes fly
the stratosphere layer extends from the tropopause to about 50 kilometers or 32
miles above the Earth's surface this layer contains a thin layer of ozone molecules
which forms a protective layer and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun
the high-altitude weather balloons flying into the stratosphere for monitoring
atmospheric conditions and climate research the mesosphere miso means middle this layer
is located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere it is the third layer in
our atmosphere which is 35 kilometers or 22 miles thick the transition boundary
which separates the mesosphere from the stratosphere is called the stratopause
in the mesosphere fewer air molecules to absorb incoming electromagnetic
radiation from the Sun most meteors burn up in this set miss ferric layer
a meteor is piece of rock or matter that has been broken off in space
and travels through the atmosphere when they cross the mesosphere friction and
momentum caused the meteor to burn up and appear as a light crossing the sky
the thermosphere Thermo means heat this layer has extremely
high temperatures and located above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
the boundary between the mesosphere and the thermosphere atmospheric
regions is called mesopause it is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere
the thermosphere extends from the mess it was
to 700 kilometres of 435 miles above the surface of the earth
the thermosphere is the thickest layer in the atmosphere only the lightest gases mostly oxygen
helium and hydrogen are found here the aurora and satellites mostly occur in this layer an aura is
a natural light display in the sky particularly in the high latitude regions that is caused by
the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high-altitude atmosphere
the exosphere
EXO means outside the exosphere represents the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere it extends
from the top of the thermosphere to 10,000 kilometers or 6214 miles above Earth's surface
in this lair atoms and molecules escape into space and higher altitude satellites orbit our planet
temperature versus height near the surface of the earth the average temperature is 15 degrees
Celsius and the temperature gradually decreases to minus 56 degrees Celsius as altitude increases
then the temperature remains constant below ozone layer in the stratosphere region from
the ozone layer the temperature progressively increases to negative 2 degrees Celsius
then the temperature ranges from negative 2 degrees Celsius to negative 92 degrees Celsius
at the upper boundary of mesosphere after then the temperature rises from negative 92
degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius near the upper boundary of thermosphere
why it happens
during the day a portion of the incoming of the radiant energy
from the Sun passes through the atmosphere is absorbed and warms the Earth's surface
then the Heat's reflected back from the
ground to the tropospheric air by conduction and convection process
the temperature in the troposphere gradually decreases with increasing
altitude until the tropopause is reached
you the stratosphere is very dry and clouds are rare
as we know ozone is concentrated in this part of the atmosphere this ozone absorbs
shortwave ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and converts them into heat
more radiation is absorbed at higher altitudes
compared to the lower stratosphere so the temperature increases with height
the mesosphere has the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere it becomes cold enough to
freeze water vapor in its atmosphere into ice clouds the air density in the mesosphere
is low then in the stratosphere below due to less air particles not enough heat is
absorbed which eventually leads to a colder temperature apart from that carbon dioxide
in the mesosphere also helps in making this layer cold due to its cooling effect
carbon dioxide molecules absorb heat energy when they bounce off other molecules the carbon dioxide
releases some of that energy as photons in a process called radiative emission some of those
photons travel upwards carrying heat away from the mesosphere thus temperature in the mesosphere
keeps dropping with increase in altitude until it reaches about minus 100 degrees Celsius
the thermosphere has extremely high temperatures within the thermosphere
temperatures rise continually to well beyond 1000 degrees Celsius the source
of the thermosphere heat is radiation emitted by the Sun the thermistor absorbs much of the
radiation that earth receives from the Sun leaving only a fraction to actually reach
the surface ultraviolet radiation visible light and high-energy gamma radiation are
all absorbed by the thermosphere since there is little to no atmospheric gases above the
thermosphere there is no absorption of the heat from solar radiation and so temperatures so are
the exosphere is almost a vacuum the air is very very thin air when air is thin it
doesn't transfer much heat to objects in the air even if the air is very very hot
the temperature in the exosphere varies greatly and can range from zero to over 1,700 degrees
Celsius it is colder at night and much hotter during the day if you enjoyed this video then make
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