[PLĐC - 1] - Nguồn gốc của nhà nước

Summary

This video discusses the origins and nature of the state through various philosophical lenses, highlighting perspectives from thinkers like Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, and Karl Marx. It explores the state's historical emergence tied to economic and social conditions, emphasizing the relationship between class struggle and state power. The narrative contrasts traditional theories that view the state as a neutral arbiter with Marxist theory, which sees it as a tool for class domination. Ultimately, it argues that socialist states, while maintaining some repressive functions, aim to serve the interests of the working class, paving the way for a potential stateless society.

Takeaways

• 😀 The origin of the state has been extensively studied across various disciplines, including law, philosophy, and sociology.
• 😀 Different schools of thought offer varying perspectives on the nature and origin of the state based on their approaches.
• 😀 Historical contexts are crucial for understanding the emergence of the state, which did not exist in early human societies.
• 😀 Thomas Hobbes viewed the state as a divine creation meant to maintain order, reflecting a theological perspective.
• 😀 Rousseau argued that the state arises from a social contract, marking a transition from a natural state to civil society.
• 😀 Marxist-Leninist theory presents the state as a product of social contradictions, particularly class conflicts.
• 😀 According to Marxism, the state serves to protect the interests of the ruling class against the oppressed.
• 😀 The function of the state evolves with societal conditions, aiming to manage class struggles and maintain order.
• 😀 Socialist states are portrayed as instruments of the working class, differing fundamentally from capitalist state structures.
• 😀 The ultimate goal of a socialist state is to serve the interests of the majority and pave the way for a classless society.

Q & A

What are the main theories regarding the origin of the state discussed in the transcript?

The transcript discusses several theories, including those of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Karl Marx, each providing different perspectives on the origin and nature of the state.

How does Thomas Hobbes view the state?

Hobbes views the state as a necessary creation to maintain order and protect individuals, reflecting a divine authority that individuals must obey.

What is the social contract theory as proposed by John Locke?

Locke's social contract theory posits that the state arises from an agreement among individuals to form a society that protects their natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

According to Rousseau, what is the role of the state?

Rousseau argues that the state emerges from the social contract to preserve equality and protect the common good, as society transitions from a state of nature to civil society.

What is the Marxist perspective on the state?

Marxists view the state as a product of class struggles, serving as a tool for the ruling class to maintain economic and political dominance over the oppressed.

How does the transcript explain the transition from a stateless society to one with a state?

The transition occurs as production methods evolve, leading to economic inequalities and the emergence of class conflicts that necessitate a governing body to manage these tensions.

What is the significance of the term 'superstructure' in Marxist theory?

In Marxist theory, 'superstructure' refers to the social, political, and ideological systems that arise from and support the economic base of society, including the state.

What distinguishes socialist states from capitalist states according to the transcript?

Socialist states are characterized as instruments of the working class, aimed at promoting equality and serving the interests of the majority, while capitalist states primarily serve the interests of a ruling minority.

What are the two main functions of a state as mentioned in the transcript?

The two main functions of a state are the 'repressive' function, which maintains control over dissenting groups, and the 'constructive' function, which organizes society for collective progress.

What is the ultimate prediction about the state under communism according to Marxist theory?

Marxist theory predicts that as society progresses towards communism, the state will eventually wither away, as the conditions that necessitated its existence will no longer exist.