New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social Change
Summary
TLDRThe video from the Knowledge Catalog dives into the pressing challenges of human adaptation, focusing on global warming and climate change, as well as the impact of transnational migration and Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) on the Philippines. It discusses the unequivocal scientific evidence of climate change, highlighting the rise in global temperatures, ocean warming, shrinking ice sheets, glacial retreat, decreased snow cover, and rising sea levels. The video also touches on the socio-economic implications of transnational migration, particularly the plight of OFWs who, despite remitting money back home, often face unemployment or underemployment upon return. The presenter, a high school teacher from the Philippines, aims to provide valuable content to enhance understanding of these critical issues.
Takeaways
- 🌍 The scientific evidence for climate change is unequivocal, with a greater than 95% probability that human activity since the mid-20th century is the primary cause.
- 📈 Global temperatures have risen by about 0.9°C since the late 19th century, largely due to increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions.
- 🚗 In the Philippines, the increasing number of personal vehicles contributes to higher carbon emissions, impacting air quality and potentially exacerbating climate change.
- 🌊 Oceans have absorbed much of the increased heat, with the top 700 meters showing a warming of more than 0.4°F since 1969, affecting marine ecosystems.
- ⛰️ Ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are losing mass, contributing to rising global sea levels, which have risen about eight inches in the last century.
- 🏔️ Glacial retreat is occurring worldwide, with glaciers in the Alps, Himalayas, and Rockies becoming thinner, and snow cover decreasing over the past five decades.
- 🌡️ The Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have rapidly declined, and there is an increase in extreme weather events, such as high temperatures and intense rainfall.
- 🌊 Ocean acidification has increased by about 30% since the industrial revolution due to higher carbon dioxide levels, impacting marine life.
- 🧳 Transnational migration involves people living and working across national borders, with dual citizenship or belonging to multiple societies simultaneously.
- 🇵🇭 The Philippines is experiencing demographic changes with urbanization, low fertility rates, and a shift towards a service-based economy, which influences the trend of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs).
- 💰 OFWs often face unemployment or underemployment upon returning to the Philippines, despite their international work experience and financial contributions to their families back home.
Q & A
What are the two main subtopics discussed in the video regarding new challenges to human adaptation and social change?
-The two main subtopics discussed are global warming and climate change, and transnational migration and overseas Filipino workers (OFWs).
What is the primary cause of the current warming trend according to the video?
-The primary cause of the current warming trend is extremely likely to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century.
How much has the Earth's average surface temperature risen since the late 19th century?
-The Earth's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit or 0.9 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century.
What is one observation made in the Philippines regarding the increase in car ownership and its impact on the environment?
-The increasing number of people buying cars in the Philippines is leading to more fuel consumption, contributing to smog and a decrease in the general cleanliness and clearness of the air.
How has the warming of oceans been measured?
-The warming of oceans has been measured by observing that the top 700 meters beneath the surface, about 2,300 feet, has shown a warming of more than 0.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.
What is the significance of the shrinking of ice sheets and glacial retreat in terms of climate change?
-The shrinking of ice sheets and glacial retreat is significant as it indicates that the climate is changing and the globe is warming, which contributes to rising sea levels.
How has the decline in Arctic sea ice impacted the global climate?
-The decline in Arctic sea ice, both in extent and thickness, has contributed to the overall warming of the planet and has been linked to more extreme weather events.
What is ocean acidification and how is it related to climate change?
-Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of surface ocean waters by about 30 percent since the beginning of the industrial revolution, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities. This affects marine life and is a direct result of climate change.
What is the concept of transnational migration as discussed in the video?
-Transnational migration refers to the phenomenon where individuals live their lives across multiple societies, often holding dual citizenship or belonging to more than one nation-state. It involves working, praying, and expressing political interests in several contexts rather than being confined to a single nation-state.
What are the demographic challenges faced by the Philippines in relation to transnational migration?
-The Philippines is in stage three of demographic transition, experiencing changes in population urbanization, contraception use, and a low fertility rate. Despite these changes, the country still faces issues of unemployment and underemployment, which drive many middle-class Filipinos to seek opportunities abroad.
What are the potential issues faced by OFWs when they return to the Philippines?
-OFWs, upon returning to the Philippines, may face the same problems of underemployment and unemployment that they tried to escape before migrating for work. They may also experience difficulties reintegrating into the local economy and society.
How does the video presenter identify themselves and what is the purpose of the Knowledge Catalog?
-The video presenter identifies themselves as a high school teacher in the Philippines who enjoys developing educational content. The Knowledge Catalog is a brand being developed to provide useful and needed content to enhance instruction.
Outlines
🌍 Introduction to New Challenges: Climate Change and Transnational Migration
This paragraph introduces the video's topic, which is the new challenges to human adaptation and social change, specifically focusing on global warming and climate change, as well as transnational migration and overseas Filipino workers (OFWs). The speaker emphasizes the relevance of these issues to the Filipino audience and outlines the structure of the video. It also briefly mentions the scientific consensus on climate change and its historical context, highlighting the current warming trend as a significant human-induced phenomenon.
📈 Evidence of Climate Change and Its Impacts
The second paragraph delves into the evidence of climate change, starting with the global temperature rise, which has been largely driven by increased carbon dioxide emissions. It discusses the warming of oceans, the shrinking of ice sheets, glacial retreat, decreased snow cover, and the rising global sea levels. The paragraph also touches on the declining Arctic sea ice and the increase in extreme weather events, such as high temperatures and intense rainfall, as well as ocean acidification due to increased carbon dioxide absorption.
🌐 Transnational Migration and the Dynamics of Global Citizenship
This paragraph shifts the focus to the challenges of transnational migration, particularly in the context of the Philippines. It defines transnational migration as the movement of people who may hold dual citizenship or choose a different nationality from their birth country. The speaker discusses how this phenomenon reflects the changing nature of global citizenship and the fact that more people are belonging to multiple societies simultaneously. The paragraph also mentions the demographic transition in the Philippines and the social changes that lead to migration, including unemployment and underemployment.
💰 The Reality of OFWs and the Challenges of Reintegration
The final paragraph addresses the specific case of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), who are expected to return to the Philippines after their work contracts or retirement. It highlights the economic challenges these individuals face upon reintegration, such as underemployment and unemployment, despite their experience abroad. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding these new challenges to human adaptation, particularly for Filipinos, and invites viewers to support the Knowledge Catalog, a brand developed by a high school teacher in the Philippines.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Global Warming
💡Climate Change
💡Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)
💡Urbanization
💡Carbon Emissions
💡Sea Level Rise
💡Ocean Acidification
💡Transnational Migration
💡Demographic Transition
💡Unemployment and Underemployment
💡Extreme Weather Events
Highlights
The video discusses new challenges to human adaptation and social change, focusing on global warming, climate change, and transnational migration, particularly in the context of the Philippines.
Scientific evidence shows that the Earth's climate has changed throughout history, with the current warming trend likely resulting from human activity since the mid-20th century.
Global temperature rise is a significant challenge to human adaptation, with the planet's average surface temperature having risen since the late 19th century.
Increased carbon dioxide emissions from human activities are a major driver of global warming, with most of the warming occurring in the past 35 years.
In the Philippines, the increasing number of personal vehicles contributes to air pollution and carbon emissions, impacting air quality.
Ocean warming is observed, with the top 700 meters of the ocean showing a significant temperature increase since 1969.
Shrinking ice sheets, particularly in Greenland and Antarctica, are indicative of global warming, with billions of tons of ice being lost annually.
Glacial retreat is occurring worldwide, affecting places like the Alps, Himalayas, and the Rockies, leading to thinner glaciers.
Decreased snow cover and earlier snowmelt are observed in the Northern Hemisphere over the past five decades.
Global sea levels have risen about eight inches in the last century, with the rate nearly doubling in the last two decades.
Declining Arctic sea ice in terms of extent and thickness is a rapid and concerning development over the last several decades.
The United States has experienced more extreme weather events, including an increase in record high temperatures and intense rainfall events.
Ocean acidification, a result of increased carbon dioxide absorption, has risen by about 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution, affecting marine life.
Transnational migration involves people living their lives across multiple societies, often maintaining ties to their homeland while belonging to a host country.
The Philippines is in an early stage of demographic transition, with changes in urbanization, contraception, and fertility rates leading to social shifts.
Despite the flexibility of Filipinos to work abroad and integrate into new societies, unemployment and underemployment remain persistent issues.
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) often face the same economic challenges upon returning to the Philippines, such as underemployment and unemployment.
The video aims to help viewers identify new leading challenges to human adaptations, particularly for the Filipino population.
Transcripts
[Music]
welcome to another video for the
knowledge catalog
this video is under the social studies
and if you want to
have a copy of this presentation that i
used in the making of this video
you may contact me through facebook.com
forward slash knowledge catalog forward
slash
let's begin so yeah our topic for this
evening actually it's an evening while i
am recording this
are the new challenges to human
adaptation and social change
so basically it's going to be divided
into uh subtopics which is
global warming and climate change and
then transnational migration and ofws
so this one is this video is taylor fit
for
filipino audiences because yeah ofw's
mean
overseas filipino workers um we are
going to talk about the present
challenges
of these that these two are presenting
present challenges that these two are
presenting to filipinos
so yeah let's begin
we all know that the scientific evidence
for warming of the climate system
is an echivocal and that the earth's
climate has
changed throughout history so this one
is a
is already a beginning talk for the
first part of our
of this video just in just in the last
650 000 years there have been
seven cycles of glacial advance in the
retreat
with the abrupt end of the last ice age
at about 7 000 years ago marking the
beginning of the modern climate era
and of human civilization most of these
climate changes are attributed to
very small variations in earth's orbit
that change the amount of solar energy
our planet receives
the current warming trend is of
particular significance because of
it is extremely likely greater than
around 95
percent probability to be the result of
human activity
since the mid 20th century and
proceeding
at a rate that is unprecedented over the
deck
over decades to millennia so
the evidences of climate change that we
are going to talk about is going to
start with the global temperature
rise as you know a new challenge to
human adaptation
the plant's average surface temperature
has risen about
1.62 degrees fahrenheit or
0.9 degrees celsius since the late
19th century it is a change driven
largely by increased
carbon dioxide and other human-made
emissions into the atmosphere most of
the warming occurred in the past
35 years with the five warmest years on
record taking place
since 2010. in the philippines in my own
observation actually there are
there's an increasing number of people
who are venturing into buying their own
cars and thus using uh
more fuel in the process um the
emissions
of the carbon emissions coming from
these vehicles
it's contributing to uh not just
actually the smog
which is quite physical but to the
general uh
cleanliness of the air and uh yeah
general clearness of the air
um cities around bambang are actually uh
being built
um a lot of different areas are getting
highly urbanized not just angles city
and not just
san fernando um locally the
uh i mean in magalang we are we are
still having some reserves like lots of
them
but in some other places imagine a
gigging rare nalangi mayan
um well what we what can we expect the
manila
ever very highly very highly urbanized
area is going to just experience as
worse
and if i'm mistaken um
these places these areas that are far
even from mono from
[Music]
having a lot of cheese in them are going
to experience a way
more drastic and harsh temperatures
than areas that are at least having a
couple of trees
in them or around them the second
evidence is the warming of oceans
um the oceans have absorbed much of this
increased
heat with the top 700 meters
that is uh beneath the surface about 2
300 feet of ocean showing warming
of more than 0.4 degrees fahrenheit
since 1969.
um it is one of our one of our lessons
in grade nine is actually about
the absorption of uh thermal energy um
of water and then bodies of land and
that in that discussion we have
clarified
that uh bodies of land are indeed increa
are indeed absorbing thermal energy
faster than
bodies of water so um
bodies of water yeah are they may not be
fast conductors but surely they will
lose
that amount of thermal energy slower and
since
our our general temperature is getting
warmer or
the temp temperature is generally
getting higher
we can just expect oceans to be uh
to be signifying or to be
showing differences as well so in terms
of temperature they will be showing
differences as well
having that kind of characteristic being
slow to conduct and slow
to lose thermal energy
perhaps a very obvious evidence as well
is the shrinking of ice
sheets the green lantern antarctic
ice sheets have dec decreased in mass
data from
nasa's gravity recovery and climate
experiments show greenland
losing an average of 286 billion tons of
ice per year
between 1993 and 2016 while antarctica
is losing a relatively smaller amount of
ice which is 127
billion tons of ice per year during the
same time period but that still means
that you know the climate is indeed
changing the globe is indeed warming
another evidence is glacial retreat um
these
are quite connected to the first uh few
evidences
but this has a unique characteristic in
it
glaciers are treating almost everywhere
around the world
including in the alps himalayas and
these rockies
alaska and africa glaciers on top of
mountains are becoming thinner
and it is connected to the next evidence
which is a decreased snow cover
satellite observations reveal that the
amount of spring snow cover
in the northern hemisphere has decreased
over the past five decades and that snow
is
melting earlier than usual
since there is there are a lot of ice
now and we know that the planet is a
closed system
that means um despite the fact that the
water can evaporate
it's still it is still going to be
trapped in
the atmosphere the cycle the water cycle
is
just a description of how this process
goes
um water vapor becomes it will be
condensing into the atmosphere
it will be precipitating going back to
the you know to the surface of the
planet
and since ice is now adding up to the
water
na meron service on planet the sea level
of course
just going to rise global sea level rose
about eight
inches in the last century the rate in
the last
two decades however is nearly double
that of the last
century and is accelerating slightly
every year
um this is just something you can expect
because um
the temperature is indeed warming it is
indeed
rising and there are so many ice
sheets that are melting glaciers are
also melting snow cover becomes
smaller thus water liquid water is going
to be just deposited into the
small into the lowest parts of the
planet and what lower
it i mean what lower part is there
uh aside from you know season oceans
yeah so this is just uh the result of
all of those previous
evidences one more thing that we need to
take note of is the declining arctic sea
ice
we have we already mentioned the green
land and even the antarctic how about
the arctic
both the extended extent and thickness
of the arctic sea
sea ice has declined rapidly over the
last
several decades it is
it may be quite redundant but yeah that
is the case
and with decreasing temperatures uh what
happens as well as we are experiencing
more extreme events the number of record
high temperature events in the united
states have been
increasing while the number of record
low temperature events
has been decreasing since the 1950.
the united states also has also
witnessed an increased
number of intense rainfall events
these days then how i mean then the
number we experienced in the past uh
years despite the fact that the country
is
is a known um is a known country to have
a lot of
different typhoons i mean by saying
different different
uh thousand intensities or different
strengths
or signal numbers okay so the next one
is
not quite related to all of those but uh
yeah
in a way ocean acidification is also one
evidence of climate change
since the beginning of the industrial
revolution that is with the discovery of
engines uh the acidity of surface ocean
waters has increased by about 30 percent
because of its of its acidity
of course we can just expect marine life
to be affected
this increases the result of humans
emitting more carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere and hence more being absorbed
into the oceans remember let us always
remember
that the the planet is a closed system
so whatever
is present in the into the lithosphere
can actually escape into the atmosphere
or the hydrosphere and so on
uh and vice versa that's what i mean
rather
um since jung atmosphere
is a tapun and non-carbon dioxide are
non-carbon emissions different
carbon emissions
i mean carbon emissions can fly but i
mean i mean
immediately there will be coming a time
they will be deposited into the oceans
okay and that's going to make the oceans
or see water
quite more acidic than how they're
supposed to be
the next type of challenges to new
new challenges to human adaptation are
transnational migration
and the case of ofws
transnational migration is actually um
the assumption that people will live i
mean
it is the assumption no it's not
actually assumption i'm so sorry um
transnational migration is when a person
is having has
the world citizenship so to put it
simply it's having dual citizenship or
choosing to have
a different citizenship from that one he
or she was born with
the assumption that people will live
their lives in one place according to
one set of national and cultural norms
in countries with impermeable
national borders that no longer holds
rather in the 21st century more and more
people will belong to two or more
societies at the same time
this is what many researchers refer to
as transnational migration
transnational migrants work pray
and express their political interests in
several contexts
rather than in a single nation state
some people
will some will put down roots in the
host country
maintain strong homeland ties and belong
to religious and
political movements that span the globe
these allegiances are not antithetical
to one another
the population data and analysis of
migration statistics in the philippines
uh show that the philippines is early in
stage three of demographic transition
with the beginning of changes to
population
uh changes of population urbanization
contraception and a reasonably low
fertility rate overall
some of these social changes that occur
lead to transitions for many middle
class filipinos to gain in society
however due to the poverty and lack of
jobs
the population is still looking for
outlets for
workers and migrants
unemployment underemployment increased
population growth
puts pressures on society so what does
this all what do
all these mean transnational migration
is not really said to be a problem
the problem that is being seen here is
that despite the fact that
filipinos are flexible enough to go to
other countries and
assume a new nationality and you know
belong to that particular
country and express their religious
rights or
be involved in the politics of that
particular
foreign land um the countries are still
experiencing unemployment and their
employment and employment is a state in
which
a person who can work who can have a job
is not employed or doesn't have a job an
underemployed person a man is a person
who is working but yeah he or she is
working
on something or in the field
yeah underemployed ganon there is a
mismatch
uh between uh his or her job and uh the
kind of training he or she has
i know all right ofw for this discussion
are filipinos working abroad that are
expected to return permanently either
upon the expiration of a work contract
or upon retirement and often
send money to the philippines to support
their family um ofws
they are i know they are going back to
the country and
uh they are going to experience again
the kind of economy that the country has
and despite the fact that they are
already nationally migrated
they may still face uh the same old
problems that
they actually tried to escape before
which is underemployment
and unemployment those two are the kinds
of uh
evidences that are connected to uh
our topic the new challenges to human
adaptation
we know that we have focused on
the climate change problems uh more than
the transnational and meg
and ofw problems that we have in the
philippines
but i hope that this video has helped
you at least identify
some of the new leading challenges to
human adaptations especially for a
filipino
this is the knowledge catalog it is a
brand being developed by a teacher
creator
i am a high school high school teacher
in the philippines and i love
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