La prise de décision dans l'entreprise

Audrey COMBALUZIER-VAUDE
16 Sept 201504:20

Summary

TLDRIn this presentation, the focus is on decision-making in organizations, highlighting three levels of decisions: strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic decisions are long-term and involve top management, while tactical decisions are mid-term, handled by functional managers. Operational decisions are short-term, made by various agents daily. The discussion includes the rational decision-making model by economists and Herbert Simon's concept of bounded rationality, which recognizes the limitations of decision-makers. Simon's IMC model outlines the decision-making process, emphasizing the importance of evaluating outcomes and making adjustments. Finally, various contingency factors influencing decision-making in businesses are explored.

Takeaways

  • 📊 Decision-making in companies involves multiple levels and types of decisions.
  • 🏢 Strategic decisions are the most important and relate to the company's long-term environment.
  • 🔍 Tactical decisions are of medium importance, focusing on resource management over the medium term.
  • ⚙️ Operational decisions are smaller, routine choices made daily that impact the short term.
  • 🧠 Traditional economic theories suggest decision-makers are rational and have perfect information.
  • 🔗 Herbert Simon introduced the theory of bounded rationality, emphasizing limits in decision-making capabilities.
  • 📈 The IMC model outlines the decision-making process: Intelligence (understanding the problem), Modeling (formulating solutions), and Choice (selecting the best solution).
  • 🛠️ Post-decision, it is crucial to control the implementation to assess results and effectiveness.
  • ⚖️ Factors like company size, leadership style, structure, and environmental stability influence decision-making.
  • 💡 Contingency factors, including budget and information access, play significant roles in shaping decisions within an organization.

Q & A

  • What are the three levels of decisions in an organization according to Igor Hansof?

    -Igor Hansof proposed three levels of decisions: strategic decisions, tactical decisions, and operational decisions.

  • What characterizes strategic decisions?

    -Strategic decisions are the most important as they involve the organization's long-term relationship with its environment and are typically made by top management.

  • How do tactical decisions differ from strategic decisions?

    -Tactical decisions are of medium importance, focusing on resource management over the medium term and are made by functional managers.

  • What are operational decisions and how frequently are they made?

    -Operational decisions are small, routine decisions made almost daily, impacting the organization only in the short term, and can be made by various employees.

  • According to classical economic theories, how are decisions made?

    -Classical economic theories suggest that decisions are made by rational decision-makers who have perfect information, allowing them to consider all options and choose the optimal solution.

  • What is Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality?

    -Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality posits that decision-makers have physical and intellectual limits that prevent them from considering all possible solutions, and that their information is often imperfect.

  • What is the IMC model proposed by Herbert Simon?

    -The IMC model consists of three phases: Intelligence (understanding and analyzing the problem), Modeling (formulating and evaluating solutions), and Choice (selecting the best solution).

  • What happens after the decision-making process according to Simon's model?

    -After the decision-making process, the decision-maker must monitor the implementation of the chosen solution to evaluate its effectiveness and make corrective measures if necessary.

  • What factors influence decision-making in organizations?

    -Factors influencing decision-making include the size of the company, leadership style, organizational structure, stability of the environment, personalities of the leaders, available budget, and available information.

  • What role does the environment play in decision-making according to the script?

    -The environment plays a crucial role, as its stability or instability can affect the decision-making process and the options available to decision-makers.

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関連タグ
Decision MakingBusiness StrategyOrganizational BehaviorManagement TheoryHerbert SimonRationalityOperational DecisionsTactical ChoicesStrategic PlanningContingency Factors
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