Video Pembelajaran ‘SEJARAH’ materi: “Ketersebaran Kekuatan Dan Identitas Nasional Baru”.

Summary

This video lesson focuses on the historical topic of power distribution and new national identities in Indonesia. It discusses key events from the 1950s to the 1960s, including the first general election in 1955, where major political parties like PNI, Masyumi, NU, and PKI participated. The lesson also covers the rise of women's movements during the same period, the debate over marriage laws, and President Soekarno's role in establishing the NASAKOM (Nationalism, Religion, and Communism) ideology during the Guided Democracy era, which led to significant political and social changes in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 📜 The video covers a history lesson focusing on the distribution of power and new national identities.
• 👥 The presentation is introduced by a group called Kelompok Jambu or Group 2B with members introducing themselves.
• 🗳️ Indonesia held its first general election in 1955, with political parties such as PNI, Masjumi, NU, and PKI dominating the results.
• ⚖️ The period between the 1950s and 1960s in Indonesia saw diverse political groups based on ideology and religion, contributing to a varied national identity.
• 👩‍🦰 The women’s movement in Indonesia during the 1950s and 1960s was progressive, with groups like Aisyah, Muslimat, and Gerwis (later Gerwani) playing a significant role.
• 👩‍⚖️ A key issue in the 1950s was women's rights, particularly concerning marriage laws and polygamy, leading to the establishment of the Nikah Talak Rujuk Commission.
• 🏛️ The instability of Indonesian cabinets during the Liberal Democracy period resulted in the enactment of Law No. 7 of 1953 to regulate elections and simplify political parties.
• 🌍 The Nasakom ideology (Nationalism, Religion, Communism) was promoted by President Soekarno during the Guided Democracy era, though it was met with resistance from figures like Vice President Hatta.
• 🛑 Soekarno's Nasakom efforts culminated in the 1960s, leading to increasing political tensions, particularly with the PKI, which ultimately collapsed after the 30 September Movement in 1965.
• 🏛️ Soekarno’s 1959 Presidential Decree returned Indonesia to the 1945 Constitution, marking the end of parliamentary democracy and the start of Guided Democracy.

Q & A

What is the topic of this video lesson?

The video lesson covers the subject of history, specifically focusing on the spread of power and new national identity in Indonesia.

Which group is presenting the video, and what is their team name?

The video is presented by 'Kelompok Jambu' or group 2B.

When did Indonesia hold its first general election?

Indonesia held its first general election on September 29, 1955.

Which party won the most votes in the 1955 legislative election?

The National Party of Indonesia (PNI) and Masyumi both secured the most votes, with 57 seats each.

What political system was in place in Indonesia during the 1950s and early 1960s?

Indonesia was under a liberal democracy system in the 1950s, which later transitioned to a guided democracy under President Sukarno.

What role did women’s movements play in the 1950s and 1960s in Indonesia?

Women’s movements were very progressive during this period, with organizations like Aisah, Gerwis, and Gerwani advocating for women’s rights and aligning with larger political and social movements.

How did Gerwani evolve, and what was its relationship with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI)?

Gerwani evolved from the Gerwis organization in 1951, and by 1954 it was used by the PKI to gather mass support.

What was one of the key issues addressed by women's organizations during the 1950s in Indonesia?

One key issue was the need for a marriage law that favored women's rights, particularly addressing polygamy.

What significant political event occurred as a result of instability following the 1955 election?

Due to increasing political instability, President Sukarno issued the 1959 Presidential Decree to return to the 1945 Constitution, marking the beginning of Indonesia’s guided democracy.

What was the 'Nasakom' ideology, and how did it influence Indonesian politics?

Nasakom stood for nationalism, religion (Islam), and communism, representing three major political forces in Indonesia. It was a central element of Sukarno's policies during the guided democracy era.