LESSON 2: Legal Basis - FOE Finals

Summary

This lesson provides an overview of the legal foundations of the Philippine educational system, starting with the 1987 Constitution. It highlights key laws, policies, and acts such as the Education Act of 1982, Act No. 74 on public instruction, and the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers. The lecture discusses free public education, academic freedom, teacher professional development, and various acts supporting educational improvements. It emphasizes the government's role in ensuring quality education, protecting teachers, and promoting national unity through education policies. This session encourages further exploration of these topics.

Takeaways

• 📜 The 1987 Philippine Constitution emphasizes the state's duty to protect and promote citizens' right to quality education at all levels.
• 🎓 Free public education is guaranteed at the elementary and high school levels, with elementary education being compulsory.
• 💸 Scholarships, student loans, subsidies, and incentives are provided to underprivileged students in both public and private schools.
• 📚 Academic freedom is granted to institutions of higher learning, allowing them to determine their entrance exams, curriculum, and academic management.
• 👩‍🏫 Teachers have the right to professional advancement, supported by training and seminars, with protection for both academic and non-academic personnel.
• 🏛️ The Education Act of 1982 establishes an integrated system of education to promote economic development and national unity.
• 🇵🇭 Act No. 74 established the Department of Public Instruction, introducing English as the medium of instruction and formalizing teacher education.
• 🏫 Private schools are regulated under Act No. 2706, requiring state recognition and inspection to ensure efficiency and standards.
• 🎖️ The National Defense Act mandates preparatory military training for students starting at age 10 and extending through higher education.
• 📜 Republic Act 6655 introduced free public secondary education, making secondary education accessible to all qualified citizens.

Q & A

What does the 1987 Philippine Constitution state about the right to education?

The 1987 Philippine Constitution states that the state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, including elementary, high school, college, and postgraduate studies.

What provisions are made in the 1987 Constitution regarding free public education?

The 1987 Constitution provides free public education in both elementary and high school levels and makes elementary education compulsory.

What support does the state offer to students under the 1987 Constitution?

The state offers scholarships, student loans, subsidies, and other incentives to support students, especially those underprivileged, in both public and private schools.

What is academic freedom, and who enjoys it?

Academic freedom refers to the autonomy enjoyed by all institutions of higher learning to determine admissions, curriculum, and other policies. It ensures that citizens can choose their course of study and profession.

What is the Education Act of 1982, and what is its goal?

The Education Act of 1982 was established to create and maintain an integrated system of education. Its goal is to produce productive citizens who contribute to the social and economic development of the nation.

What is Act No. 74, and why is it significant?

Act No. 74 established the Department of Public Instruction and made English the medium of instruction. It also led to the creation of the Philippine Normal University, which is the first institution for teacher education.

What is the purpose of Act No. 2706, also known as the Private School Law?

Act No. 2706, the Private School Law, mandates the state to recognize and inspect private schools to ensure they maintain efficiency standards.

What is the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers?

The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers (Republic Act No. 4670) aims to improve the social and economic status, working conditions, and career prospects of public school teachers. It provides benefits such as additional compensation, health coverage, and a one-year study leave after seven years of service.

What does Republic Act No. 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, provide?

Republic Act No. 6655 provides free public secondary education for all qualified citizens. No tuition or fees are to be collected, except for those related to student organizations and publications.

What measures does the state take to promote alternative learning systems?

The state supports alternative learning systems, including informal, indigenous, and self-learning systems, to benefit out-of-school youth, adults, and individuals with disabilities, providing training in civics, vocational skills, and other essential areas.