Hukum Gossen (Teori Konsumsi) - PART 3

Summary

In this video, the presenter introduces the concept of Gossen's Laws, focusing on the principles of consumption. Gossen's First Law discusses how the marginal satisfaction from consuming one type of good decreases after reaching a certain point of saturation. The presenter uses an example of drinking water after exercising to explain this. Gossen's Second Law, or the law of horizontal utility, explains how satisfaction from consuming various goods eventually equalizes at a saturation point. These concepts are linked to the broader theory of consumption in economics. The video concludes with a call to like, share, and subscribe.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gossen's Law was introduced by German economist Hermann Heinrich Gossen in 1854, relating to satisfaction and marginal utility.
• 📉 Gossen's work initially lacked recognition but gained fame when William Stanley Jevons introduced it in his book on political economy in 1871.
• 🔁 Gossen's First Law, or the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, states that as consumption of a single good increases, satisfaction initially rises but eventually decreases after reaching a saturation point.
• 💧 An example of Gossen's First Law is drinking water when thirsty – initial consumption brings high satisfaction, but as more is consumed, satisfaction decreases after a certain point.
• 📈 The consumption curve initially increases but declines as it reaches a saturation point, in line with the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.
• 🍽️ Gossen's Second Law, also known as the Law of Equi-Marginal Utility, focuses on the satisfaction from consuming multiple goods, where utility is balanced across various items.
• 🍲 An example of the Second Law is having different dishes during a meal; the satisfaction of each varies initially but reaches an equal intensity as one becomes full.
• ⚖️ According to Gossen's Second Law, consumers will distribute their resources across multiple goods to equalize the marginal utility of each.
• 📚 Both of Gossen’s laws are fundamental to the theory of consumption, helping to explain human behavior in consuming goods based on satisfaction and utility.
• 🎥 The video encourages viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more content, focusing on the importance of understanding consumption theories like Gossen’s laws.

Q & A

What is Gossen's First Law, and how is it related to consumption?

Gossen's First Law, also known as the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, states that the satisfaction or utility derived from consuming a good decreases as more of it is consumed. Initially, consuming a good provides high satisfaction, but at a certain point, additional consumption leads to less satisfaction, eventually reaching a saturation point.

Who introduced Gossen's laws, and when were they first recognized?

Gossen's laws were introduced by Herman Heinrich Gossen, a German economist, in 1854. However, they did not gain recognition until 1871 when William Stanley Jevons included Gossen's ideas in his work on political economy.

Why did Gossen's work initially go unrecognized?

Gossen's work initially went unrecognized because it was ahead of its time. It wasn't until William Stanley Jevons introduced Gossen's ideas in his own economic writings that they gained wider acceptance and recognition in the field of economics.

Can you explain the concept of 'diminishing marginal utility' using an example?

Yes, for example, when a person drinks water after exercising, the first glass provides significant relief and satisfaction. As the person continues drinking more glasses of water, their thirst diminishes, and each additional glass provides less satisfaction until eventually, they reach a point where more water no longer increases satisfaction and might even be uncomfortable.

What does Gossen's First Law describe in terms of the consumption curve?

Gossen's First Law describes the consumption curve as initially positive, where satisfaction increases with consumption. However, as consumption continues, the curve reaches a peak and then begins to decline, indicating that satisfaction diminishes at a certain point of saturation.

What is Gossen's Second Law, and how does it differ from the First Law?

Gossen's Second Law, also called the Law of Marginal Utility for Multiple Goods, states that individuals will allocate their resources to balance the satisfaction they gain from different goods. As they consume more of various goods, the utility or satisfaction of each tends to level off, achieving an equilibrium where the satisfaction from each good is the same at the point of satiation.

How does Gossen's Second Law relate to the consumption of multiple goods?

Gossen's Second Law suggests that when people consume multiple goods, they will distribute their consumption in such a way that the marginal utility of each good becomes equal. For example, after consuming different foods at a meal, the satisfaction from each dish reaches a point where no single dish provides more satisfaction than the others.

What is an example of Gossen's Second Law in everyday life?

An example of Gossen's Second Law can be seen during a meal where a person consumes a variety of dishes. Initially, each dish may provide different levels of satisfaction, but as the person continues eating and becomes full, the enjoyment of each dish levels out, and the marginal satisfaction from each dish becomes the same.

How do Gossen's laws contribute to the theory of consumption in economics?

Gossen's laws form a foundation for the theory of consumption in economics by explaining how individuals derive utility from consuming goods. The First Law addresses diminishing returns from continuous consumption of a single good, while the Second Law describes how individuals allocate their resources across multiple goods to maximize overall satisfaction.

Why is understanding Gossen's laws important for economic theory?

Understanding Gossen's laws is crucial because they explain fundamental concepts about human behavior in consumption. These laws help economists understand how individuals make decisions about spending their resources and how satisfaction diminishes as consumption increases, which influences market dynamics and pricing strategies.