Keragaman Hayati, bag 2 (Sebaran Bioma di Dunia) #kumer

Summary

This video covers the topic of global biome distribution, focusing on key biomes such as tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, and tundras. It explains factors that influence biome distribution, including latitude, climate, topography, soil, and vegetation. The video provides detailed descriptions of each biome, highlighting their defining characteristics, plant species, and geographic locations. The lesson is designed for 11th-grade geography students following the 'Kurikulum Merdeka,' aiming to deepen their understanding of biodiversity and biome ecology. Viewers are encouraged to engage with additional project tasks for further learning.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Biomes are parts of the biosphere with distinct land features, characterized by specific dominant vegetation.
• 🗺️ The distribution of biomes globally is influenced by latitude, climate, topography, soil conditions, human activities, and dominant vegetation.
• 🌳 Tropical rainforests have tall, dense trees (up to 50 meters), and thrive in regions with intense sunlight and high rainfall (about 2,000 mm annually).
• 🌾 The savanna is a vast grassland with scattered trees like palms and acacias, found in tropical and subtropical regions with 1,000-1,500 mm of rainfall per year.
• 🍂 Steppe biomes are expansive grasslands with low rainfall (250-500 mm/year) and are found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, including Venezuela, Argentina, and the U.S.
• 🏜️ Deserts are characterized by minimal rainfall (less than 250 mm/year) and sparse vegetation, such as cacti. Major deserts include the Sahara, Namib, and Gobi.
• 🍁 Deciduous forests feature trees that shed their leaves in autumn and winter, with rainfall ranging from 750-1,000 mm/year, found in temperate zones with four distinct seasons.
• 🌲 Taiga, or coniferous forests, have needle-leaved trees and experience cold temperatures with low rainfall (400-750 mm/year). They are found in regions like Alaska, Scandinavia, and Siberia.
• ❄️ Tundra biomes are cold, with sparse vegetation like mosses and lichens. They are located near the Arctic Circle, with temperatures as low as -57°C and very little precipitation.
• 📚 The video suggests further study of the topic through project work on biome and fauna distribution globally.

Q & A

What is a biome, and how is it related to the biosphere?

A biome is a part of the biosphere characterized by a specific type of landform and dominant vegetation. It is a major ecological community, such as forests or grasslands, that is distinguished by particular plants and animals. The biosphere, on the other hand, is the global ecological system that includes all living organisms and the regions they inhabit.

What are the main factors influencing the distribution of biomes around the world?

The distribution of biomes is primarily influenced by latitude, which affects the climate, and other factors such as topography (relief), soil conditions (edaphic factors), human activity, and dominant vegetation in each region.

What are the characteristics of tropical rainforests?

Tropical rainforests are characterized by large, tall trees that often exceed 50 meters in height. They have dense foliage, making the forest floor dark and humid. Epiphytes and climbing plants are common, and they have a high level of biodiversity. The average annual rainfall is around 2,000 mm, and the forests are found in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.

Where are tropical rainforests typically found, and what are some examples of trees found there?

Tropical rainforests are located in regions such as Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and South America. Common tree species include the Keruing tree in Sumatra, the Meranti tree in Kalimantan, and the Ebony tree in Sulawesi.

What defines the biome known as the savanna, and where can it be found?

The savanna biome is characterized by vast grasslands interspersed with scattered trees. It experiences moderate rainfall (1,000 to 1,500 mm per year) and has a hot climate throughout the year. The savanna can be found in regions like Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australia and South America.

What is a steppe, and how does it differ from other grassland biomes?

A steppe is a vast, treeless grassland with low rainfall (250 to 500 mm per year), typically found in temperate and subtropical regions. Unlike the savanna, it lacks large trees, and its vegetation is dominated by grasses and shrubs. Examples include the Pampas in Argentina and the prairies in North America.

What are some key characteristics of desert biomes, and which plants are adapted to survive there?

Desert biomes are characterized by extremely low rainfall (less than 250 mm per year) and sparse vegetation. Plants like cacti and other succulent species have adaptations such as water storage and deep root systems to survive the harsh, dry conditions. Deserts can be found in North Africa (Sahara), Australia, and North America (Atacama).

What is unique about the deciduous forest biome, and where is it typically found?

The deciduous forest biome is known for its trees that shed their leaves seasonally, usually during autumn and winter. It has moderate rainfall (750 to 1,000 mm per year) and is found in regions with four distinct seasons, such as East Asia, Europe, and parts of North America.

What defines the taiga biome, and what kind of vegetation is common there?

The taiga biome, also known as the boreal forest, is characterized by its coniferous trees (such as spruce, fir, and pine) with needle-like leaves. It experiences cold temperatures and moderate rainfall (400 to 750 mm per year). Taiga is found in regions like Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia.

What is the tundra biome, and how is it adapted to the extreme cold conditions?

The tundra biome is located in polar regions, characterized by its low temperatures (as low as -57°C) and minimal rainfall (less than 250 mm per year). Vegetation consists mostly of lichens, mosses, and small shrubs. The biome is adapted to extreme cold, with plants that are able to survive permafrost and limited sunlight.