Arti Kewirausahaan Schumpeter VS Kirzner - Apa Bedanya?

CIPS Learning Hub

1 May 202404:51

Summary

TLDRThe video explores different perspectives on entrepreneurship, focusing on definitions by Kirzner and Schumpeter. Kirzner views entrepreneurship as seizing market opportunities and balancing supply and demand, exemplified by businesses during Ramadan. Schumpeter, on the other hand, highlights innovation and disruption in the market, with the iPhone as a prime example of 'creative destruction.' The video contrasts these views, prompting viewers to reflect on their approach to entrepreneurship—whether focusing on market responsiveness or disruptive innovation.

Takeaways

💡 Kewirausahaan is often discussed in relation to business components and experiences found online.
📈 Many people are encouraged to start businesses after college as a pathway to success or additional income.
❓ The concept of entrepreneurship can be confusing, ranging from selling takjil during Ramadan to building AI-based startups.
🔍 Two perspectives on entrepreneurship are explored: Kirzner's and Schumpeter's.
📊 Kirzner sees entrepreneurship as responding to market opportunities by balancing supply and demand to seize profits.
🕌 Ramadan is an example of a market opportunity, where demand for takjil and other goods spikes, creating a profitable moment for entrepreneurs.
🛠️ Schumpeter defines entrepreneurship as innovation and creative disruption, changing or breaking existing markets.
📱 The launch of the iPhone is used as a prime example of Schumpeter’s idea of 'creative destruction', revolutionizing the mobile phone market.
🌍 Schumpeter’s theory argues that entrepreneurs seek to improve or adapt to the market by introducing groundbreaking innovations.
📚 British economist Eamonn Butler expands on Schumpeter’s ideas, focusing on the mindset of entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and change.

Q & A

What is the main difference between Kirzner's and Schumpeter's views on entrepreneurship?
-Kirzner views entrepreneurship as recognizing and capitalizing on opportunities to balance supply and demand, while Schumpeter sees it as a creative and disruptive process that reshapes markets through innovation.
According to Kirzner, how does the Ramadan season provide a business opportunity for entrepreneurs?
-Kirzner would argue that Ramadan creates a temporary spike in demand for specific products, such as takjil and religious items, which entrepreneurs can capitalize on by meeting the seasonal market needs.
What example does the script give to explain Schumpeter's idea of 'creative destruction'?
-The script uses the iPhone as an example, explaining how its introduction disrupted the market for phones with keypads, replacing them with touchscreen devices and creating a new demand for smartphones with innovative features.
How does Kirzner define an 'ideal economy'?
-Kirzner defines an ideal economy as one where supply and demand are in balance, and entrepreneurs play a role in identifying and seizing opportunities to maintain this equilibrium.
How does Schumpeter's view of entrepreneurship differ in terms of market impact compared to Kirzner’s?
-While Kirzner focuses on balancing market needs, Schumpeter believes entrepreneurship involves disrupting existing markets and creating new ones through innovation, fundamentally changing the economic landscape.
Why does the script mention Steve Jobs’ 2007 iPhone presentation?
-The script highlights Steve Jobs' presentation as an example of Schumpeter's 'creative destruction,' showing how the iPhone revolutionized the mobile phone market and introduced new possibilities for software and hardware development.
What type of entrepreneurship does Kirzner associate with selling takjil during Ramadan?
-Kirzner would categorize selling takjil during Ramadan as a form of entrepreneurship that responds to increased market demand during a specific period, aligning with his view of identifying opportunities in existing markets.
What does Schumpeter believe entrepreneurs should focus on to drive economic change?
-Schumpeter believes that entrepreneurs should focus on innovation and finding ways to disrupt existing market structures, thereby creating new demand and transforming industries.
How does the concept of 'creative destruction' apply to the modern smartphone industry?
-'Creative destruction' in the smartphone industry can be seen in how innovations like the iPhone replaced traditional mobile phones, reshaping consumer expectations and driving the development of new technologies.
What does the script suggest about the role of entrepreneurship in shaping the future?
-The script suggests that entrepreneurship, whether through market adaptation (Kirzner) or innovation (Schumpeter), is crucial in driving economic growth, creating opportunities, and responding to evolving market demands.

Outlines

00:00

💼 Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Common Misconceptions

This paragraph opens with a reflection on how entrepreneurship is commonly presented online. It highlights the misconceptions people have about entrepreneurship, such as the belief that simply starting a business guarantees success. The script teases a deeper exploration into the true meaning of entrepreneurship by introducing two perspectives from Kirsner and Schumpeter, setting the stage for the rest of the discussion.

📊 Kirsner's Market Opportunity Perspective on Entrepreneurship

Kirsner views entrepreneurship as the ability to seize market opportunities. This is illustrated by the example of small businesses thriving during Ramadan. Entrepreneurs capitalize on the high demand for food, clothing, and other goods during the holy month. Kirsner's ideal economy is one where supply meets demand, and entrepreneurship is about meeting market needs during such high-demand periods.

🔄 Schumpeter's Disruptive Innovation Theory

Schumpeter, on the other hand, believes that entrepreneurship is about innovation and disruption. He defines entrepreneurship as a creative force that transforms markets, using the iPhone as an example of revolutionary innovation. The iPhone disrupted the mobile phone industry by introducing new technology that reshaped consumer demand and set new industry standards. Schumpeter’s concept of 'creative destruction' suggests that entrepreneurs must constantly innovate to stay ahead.

📱 iPhone: A Case Study in Disruptive Entrepreneurship

This paragraph continues the discussion on Schumpeter’s idea of disruptive entrepreneurship by focusing on the iPhone. It explains how the iPhone revolutionized the mobile phone market with its touchscreen and advanced operating system. This innovation rendered previous technologies obsolete and created new opportunities for entrepreneurs in the app and software markets.

📖 Theories Expanded: Eamon Butler’s Contribution

In this section, the script introduces Dr. Eamon Butler, an economist who built on Schumpeter's ideas. Butler’s work discusses the entrepreneurial mindset and the importance of innovation in driving economic change. His ideas further solidify the argument that entrepreneurship is not just about market opportunity but also about creativity and transformation.

🤔 Conclusion: Which Entrepreneurial Path Would You Choose?

The final paragraph invites viewers to reflect on the two approaches to entrepreneurship: Kirsner's focus on market opportunity and Schumpeter's emphasis on innovation and disruption. It encourages the audience to share their thoughts and preferences in the comments, fostering engagement with the video’s content.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the core theme of the video, which is the process of identifying opportunities and leveraging them to create value. The script discusses two main views on entrepreneurship: Kirsner's focus on market opportunities and Shumpeter's emphasis on innovation and disruption. For example, selling takjil during Ramadan is described as entrepreneurship by seizing market demand.

💡Kirsner's Perspective

Kirsner sees entrepreneurship as the ability to respond to market demands by identifying opportunities in supply and demand imbalances. In the video, this is exemplified by entrepreneurs capitalizing on the heightened demand for food and clothing during Ramadan, leveraging this temporary market opportunity.

💡Shumpeter's Perspective

Shumpeter defines entrepreneurship as a creative and innovative force that disrupts existing markets, often referred to as 'creative destruction.' The video gives the example of the iPhone, which revolutionized the smartphone industry by introducing new technologies that rendered previous products obsolete.

💡Market Opportunity

A market opportunity arises when there is a gap between supply and demand. The video illustrates this with the example of Ramadan, where the increased demand for specific products like takjil creates opportunities for entrepreneurs to profit by meeting these needs.

💡Creative Destruction

Creative destruction is a concept from Shumpeter's view of entrepreneurship, where new innovations replace old products and business models. The iPhone is used as an example in the video, where its introduction disrupted the market for keypad phones by offering a more innovative and practical solution.

💡Innovation

Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas, products, or methods that improve existing processes or create new markets. In the video, the iPhone is highlighted as an innovation that revolutionized the smartphone industry by introducing touchscreen technology and advanced software.

💡Demand

Demand refers to the desire of consumers to purchase goods and services at various price points. The video mentions how the demand for products like takjil during Ramadan presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to meet that need, driving sales and business growth.

💡Supply

Supply is the availability of goods or services in a market. In Kirsner's view, entrepreneurs must align supply with rising demand, such as during Ramadan, when there is a surge in demand for seasonal products like takjil, and entrepreneurs step in to provide these products.

💡Disruption

Disruption in a market occurs when an innovation drastically changes how products or services are offered. The video explains this through Shumpeter's example of the iPhone, which disrupted the mobile phone market by offering a radically different and superior user experience.

💡Ramadan Business

Ramadan is described as a peak period for entrepreneurs in the video, where opportunities abound due to the cultural tradition of buying takjil and other Ramadan-specific goods. Entrepreneurs who respond to this seasonal demand demonstrate Kirsner's model of entrepreneurship.

Highlights

Entrepreneurship is commonly seen as the key to success and additional income, often starting right after college.

Many people begin businesses during Ramadan, a peak market opportunity due to the high demand for specific products like food and religious items.

Kirsner views entrepreneurship as the ability to respond to market opportunities, with entrepreneurs capitalizing on supply and demand gaps.

An example of entrepreneurship from Kirsner’s perspective is the surge in Ramadan markets, where entrepreneurs respond to the increased demand for takjil and other products.

Kirsner believes that an ideal economy exists when supply and demand are balanced, which entrepreneurs must strive to achieve.

Shumpeter’s view contrasts Kirsner, seeing entrepreneurship as disruptive innovation that changes the market, known as 'creative destruction.'

A key example of Shumpeter's theory is the iPhone, which revolutionized the smartphone market through its innovative design and features.

The iPhone disrupted the existing phone market, replacing traditional keypad phones with touch screens, reshaping consumer demand.

Shumpeter’s idea of entrepreneurship involves not just creating new products but transforming the market itself to foster new opportunities.

Dr. Eamonn Butler expanded on Shumpeter’s ideas, emphasizing entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and change.

Entrepreneurship requires a mindset that constantly seeks to adapt to market shifts and technological advancements.

Entrepreneurs can create new markets or industries by leveraging innovations like the iPhone to build entirely new ecosystems of products and services.

Kirsner’s view emphasizes short-term market response, such as meeting Ramadan demand spikes, while Shumpeter focuses on long-term, transformational innovation.

Entrepreneurs need to identify opportunities where demand is unmet, which can happen both in short-term events like Ramadan or in long-term shifts like tech innovation.

The discussion compares two major perspectives on entrepreneurship: one focused on market adaptation (Kirsner) and the other on disruptive innovation (Shumpeter).