Hakikat Agama

Summary

This video presentation, led by Group 1, explores the essence of religion in Islam. The discussion covers several key topics, including the definition of religion from various perspectives (etymological, terminological), classifications of religion, the functions of religion, and humanity's need for it. The group also dives into the nature of Islam as 'Dinul Haq' (the true religion) and contrasts it with other religious traditions like Judaism and Christianity. The script also includes religious theories from various scholars and emphasizes the spiritual, educational, and social roles of religion in human life.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The group is discussing the essence of religion in Islam, focusing on its definitions and functions.
• 📚 Religion, etymologically derived from Sanskrit, means 'not chaotic' or 'orderly' and 'not gone'.
• 🔍 Terminologically, religion is a system of beliefs, worship, and behavioral rules.
• 🌍 Religions can be classified based on racial and geographical origins, with examples like Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.
• 📖 There are different views of religion from scholars like Elizabeth Nottingham, Herbert Spencer, and Harun Nasution.
• ⚖️ Religions can be categorized by their sources: revelation-based (e.g., Islam) or non-revelation-based.
• ✨ Religion has several functions in life: salvation, education, peace, transformation, solidarity, creativity, social control, and sublimation.
• 💡 Theories on why humans need religion include those from EB Taylor, RM Marett, and Frazer, who explore religion's origins in human consciousness, societal structures, and rituals.
• 📜 Islam is viewed as the only true divine religion (Dinul Haq), with Judaism and Christianity considered altered from their original forms.
• 📜 Islam as Dinul Haq is supported by Quranic verses that affirm it as the true, divine religion passed down through prophets.

Q & A

What is the meaning of 'agama' in etymological terms?

In etymological terms, 'agama' comes from the Sanskrit language. 'A' means 'not,' and 'gama' means 'chaotic,' so 'agama' can be interpreted as 'not chaotic' or 'orderly.' It can also be understood as 'not gone,' symbolizing permanence or something that remains.

How does the script define 'agama' from a terminological perspective?

From a terminological perspective, 'agama' is defined as a system of belief, ritual worship, and a set of rules or ethical behavior that guide human life.

What are the four key aspects of religion according to Harun Nasution?

According to Harun Nasution, the four key aspects of religion are: (1) recognition of a relationship between humans and a supernatural power, (2) acknowledgment of a source outside of oneself, (3) devotion to the supernatural power governing the universe, and (4) teachings revealed by God to humans through prophets and messengers.

What are the different classifications of religions mentioned in the script?

Religions are classified based on: (1) racial and geographical origins (e.g., Semitic, Aryan, Mongolian), (2) missionary activities (missionary or non-missionary religions), (3) the nature of their followers (primitive or advanced), and (4) their sources (revealed or non-revealed religions).

How does the script differentiate between 'agama wahyu' (revealed religion) and 'agama bukan wahyu' (non-revealed religion)?

Agama wahyu is based on revelations from God, delivered by prophets, and typically features clear teachings, while agama bukan wahyu does not rely on divine revelation and its teachings are often less structured or flexible.

What are the main functions of religion according to the script?

Religion serves eight main functions: (1) salvation, (2) educational, (3) peacemaking, (4) transformative, (5) solidarity-building, (6) fostering creativity, (7) social control, and (8) sublimation.

What are the key theories on why humans need religion?

Theories explaining why humans need religion include: (1) E.B. Tylor's theory of animism, (2) Marett's theory of the supernatural, (3) Frazer's idea of magic and belief in spirits, and (4) theories that emphasize human emotion and societal influences, such as those by Durkheim and others.

What does 'Islam Dinul Haq' mean?

'Islam Dinul Haq' means 'Islam is the true religion.' It is believed that Islam is the only divine religion that remains pure, while other religions, like Judaism and Christianity, have deviated from their original forms.

Why are Judaism and Christianity no longer considered 'agama samawi' according to the script?

According to the script, Judaism and Christianity are no longer considered 'agama samawi' (heavenly religions) because they have been altered by human interpolation, deviating from their original divine messages.

How does Islam view the relationship between earlier prophets and Islam itself?

Islam views earlier prophets as having preached the same core message of monotheism, and it considers itself the final and true version of the divine religion. All prophets, including those from Judaism and Christianity, are seen as part of the Islamic tradition.