Tipe Konstruk Psikologi - Bagian 2

Summary

The script discusses the stability of psychological attributes or constructs, divided into stable and temporary contracts. It explains how stable constructs like extraversion are researched extensively, while temporary ones vary based on situations. The script further explores the difference between 'trait' and 'state', with 'trait' being stable personality characteristics and 'state' being temporary responses to situations. It also covers the dimensionality of constructs, distinguishing between unidimensional and multidimensional attributes, and the importance of understanding these dimensions for measurement reliability and validity.

Takeaways

• 📊 **Stability of Constructs**: Constructs can be divided into stable and unstable (temporary) based on their attributes or measurement contracts.
• 🌐 **Stable Constructs**: These are permanent and not easily changed, formed through development processes and interactions with various factors like genetic environment and parenting patterns.
• 🔄 **Temporary Constructs**: These vary depending on situations and conditions, representing spontaneous responses to circumstances, such as stress due to leadership pressure.
• 🎓 **Examples of Constructs**: Stable constructs like emotional stability or thought patterns are well-researched, while temporary ones like mood are situational.
• 🌡 **State vs. Trait**: A state is a temporary condition representing an individual's response to a situation, whereas a trait is a stable characteristic formed over time.
• 📏 **Unidimensional vs. Multidimensional Constructs**: Constructs can be measured on a single dimension (unidimensional) or across multiple dimensions (multidimensional).
• 🔍 **Characteristics of Unidimensional Constructs**: They focus on a single attribute and have high inter-element relationships, forming a cohesive construct.
• 🌈 **Characteristics of Multidimensional Constructs**: They measure more than one attribute with lower inter-element relationships, forming distinct attributes.
• 📊 **Measurement Analysis**: The dimensionality of a construct can be determined through fine-grained factor analysis, which can be theoretical or empirical.
• 📈 **Implications of Dimensionality**: Knowing whether a construct is unidimensional or multidimensional is crucial for reporting scores, analyzing item procedures, and assessing the reliability of measurements.
• 🔑 **Broad vs. Narrow Constructs**: Constructs can be broad, covering a wide domain with many indicators, or narrow, focusing on specific aspects with fewer indicators.
• 🚀 **Potential vs. Actual Constructs**: Constructs can represent potential (like aptitude or talent) or actual performance (like achievement), influencing the choice of measurement tools.

Q & A

What are the two types of contracts based on stability mentioned in the script?

The two types of contracts based on stability are 'stable contracts' and 'temporary contracts'. Stable contracts are characterized by being permanent and not easily changed, while temporary contracts are situational and vary depending on the situation or individual behavior.

How are stable contracts formed according to the script?

Stable contracts are formed through a process of development and interaction with various factors such as genetic environment and patterns of upbringing.

What is an example of a stable contract mentioned in the transcript?

An example of a stable contract is the stability of emotional extraversion or thought patterns, which have been researched by scientists for a long time.

How are temporary contracts different from stable contracts?

Temporary contracts are different from stable contracts as they are situational and their manifestation varies depending on the situation and the individual's behavior. They are spontaneous responses to situations.

What is the difference between 'affect' and 'mood' in the context of the script?

In the context of the script, 'affect' refers to a more stable emotional state, while 'mood' refers to a temporary emotional state that is not stable.

What is the difference between 'trait' and 'state' as personality characteristics?

A 'trait' is a stable characteristic that represents an individual's long-term tendencies, while a 'state' is a temporary condition that is a response to a specific situation or condition faced at that time.

How can you determine if a measurement tool is unidimensional or multidimensional?

You can determine if a measurement tool is unidimensional or multidimensional through factor analysis. If the measurement focuses on a single attribute, it is unidimensional. If it involves multiple targets or measurement goals, it is multidimensional.

What is the difference between unidimensional and multidimensional constructs?

A unidimensional construct contains only one attribute or measurement goal, while a multidimensional construct contains several attributes or measurement goals.

What are the characteristics of unidimensional measurement?

Unidimensional measurement focuses on a single attribute and has a high correlation between one element or aspect with others, forming a cohesive attribute.

What are the characteristics of multidimensional measurement?

Multidimensional measurement involves more than one attribute or measurement goal, with lower correlations between elements, forming distinct attributes.

How is the dimensionality of a measurement tool determined theoretically or empirically?

The dimensionality of a measurement tool can be determined theoretically by the theory explaining the construct, or empirically through research findings or data analysis from the measurement.

What are the implications of a measurement tool being unidimensional or multidimensional?

If a measurement tool is multidimensional, item analysis is conducted on each dimension. The reliability of the measurement and the transformation of results also differ between unidimensional and multidimensional measurements.