English Literature | Romanticism: main features, social context and key concepts

Summary

This video script offers an insightful introduction to Romanticism, a pivotal era in European culture and literature. It highlights the period's social and historical context, marked by revolutions like the American and French revolutions, and the Industrial Revolution. The script delves into key Romantic themes such as the emphasis on imagination, the free artist, the significance of nature, and the concepts of beauty and the sublime. It also touches on the rise of the middle class and its impact on art and literature, as well as the contributions of notable Romantic poets and writers like Wordsworth, Blake, and Mary Shelley.

Takeaways

• 🌎 Romanticism was a period marked by significant revolutions, including the American Revolution and the French Revolution, which greatly impacted England and Europe.
• 🏭 The Industrial Revolution drastically changed social and economic structures, leading to social unrest and a reaction from the working class.
• 🚢 Advances in transportation allowed for the quicker spread of ideas across Britain and Europe, influencing the intellectual climate of the time.
• 🎭 Romanticism was a pan-European movement with different focuses in various countries, such as Germany's Sturm und Drang and France's emphasis on drama and political elements.
• 📚 The rise of the middle class and the publication of 'The Wealth of Nations' by Adam Smith laid the groundwork for modern capitalism and liberalism.
• 🖼️ Imagination was a central theme in Romanticism, with poets like Wordsworth using it as a lens to perceive the world more deeply.
• 🌿 Nature was a primary source of inspiration for Romantic artists, who saw it as an organic living entity imbued with spirituality.
• 🎨 The Romantic artist was considered free from the constraints of neoclassicism, embodying the spirit of individualism and intellectual independence.
• 💭 Imagery and symbolism, including mythological elements, were used by Romantic artists to convey transcendental truths.
• 🏞️ The concepts of 'beautiful' and 'sublime' were key in defining beauty during the Romantic period, with the latter often associated with danger and grandeur.
• 📚 The Romantic period saw a rise in professional writers and a distinction between literature meant for entertainment and that which held deeper artistic value.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Romantic period in European culture?

The Romantic period is considered one of the most studied and significant periods in European culture, marked by a focus on emotions, individualism, and the glorification of nature. It was a time of great social and political upheaval, and it greatly influenced literature, art, and intellectual thought.

What major revolutions are associated with the Romantic period?

The Romantic period is known as the 'age of revolutions', which includes the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars. These revolutions had profound impacts on political structures, social attitudes, and the way people thought about their place in the world.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the Romantic period?

The Industrial Revolution, occurring during the late 18th and 19th centuries, drastically changed social and economic structures, causing social unrest and a reaction from the working class. It also led to a romanticized view of nature as a counterpoint to the industrialized world.

What is the concept of 'imagination' in Romanticism?

Imagination is a key concept in Romanticism, emphasizing the power of the individual to perceive and interpret the world in a personal and subjective way. It was seen as a way to access deeper truths and was often associated with the role of the poet as a prophet.

How did the Romantic period view the role of the artist?

The Romantic period viewed the artist as a free and independent figure, liberated from the constraints of neoclassicism. Artists were seen as individuals who could express their unique visions and insights through their work.

What was the importance of nature in Romantic literature?

Nature was a central theme in Romantic literature, seen as a source of inspiration and a place where the 'true self' could be discovered. It was considered an organic living entity, full of spirituality and hidden truths.

How did Romanticism differ across different countries in Europe?

Romanticism developed differently across Europe, with variations in focus and expression. For example, in Germany, it began with Sturm und Drang and emphasized philosophical aspects, while in England, it was more about poetry and the ideal of the poet, and in France, it was centered on drama and literary criticism.

Who were some of the key figures of the Romantic period?

Key figures of the Romantic period include poets like William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. They were known for their innovative use of language and their exploration of themes like nature, imagination, and the sublime.

What is the concept of the 'sublime' in Romanticism?

The sublime in Romanticism refers to a sense of awe and fear inspired by the vastness and power of nature or art. It is associated with the overwhelming and sometimes dangerous aspects of beauty that captivate the human imagination.

How did the Romantic period view the role of the middle class?

The Romantic period saw the rise of the middle class as a significant social and economic force. This class was central to the new economy and played a crucial role in shaping the cultural and intellectual landscape of the time.

What were some of the literary forms popular during the Romantic period?

During the Romantic period, poetry, especially lyrical poetry and ballads, was highly valued. Works like 'Lyrical Ballads' by Wordsworth and Coleridge, and the use of personal experience and emotional expression were characteristic of the era.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Introduction to Romanticism

This paragraph introduces the Romantic period as a significant era in European culture and English literature. It emphasizes the period's association with revolutions, including the American Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution, which had profound impacts on Britain's colonial and imperial attitudes. The paragraph also touches on the Industrial Revolution and its transformative effects on social and economic structures, leading to social unrest. The Romantic movement is described as a pan-European phenomenon with different focuses in various countries, characterized by enthusiasm and a reaction to the political and social changes of the time.

05:05

🎭 Romanticism's Impact on Art and Literature

The second paragraph delves into how Romanticism affected poets like Blake and Wordsworth, who felt they were living in an apocalyptic moment, leading to new energy and enthusiasm in their works. It discusses the different manifestations of Romanticism in various countries, such as Germany's philosophical focus, England's emphasis on poetry, and France's political element. The paragraph also mentions Jean-Jacques Rousseau's influence on the movement, proposing that humans are essentially good but can be corrupted by society and private property. Additionally, it highlights the emerging middle class's role in shaping the economy and society, referencing Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' and its advocacy for laissez-faire economics.

10:08

🖌️ Key Concepts of Romanticism

This paragraph outlines the key concepts of Romanticism, starting with the importance of imagination and subjectivity, exemplified by Wordsworth's use of 'I wandered lonely as a cloud.' It discusses the poet as a prophet, using imagination to see deeper truths. The artist's newfound freedom from societal and artistic rules is highlighted, along with nature's role as the primary source of inspiration and spirituality. The paragraph concludes with the concept of the sublime, contrasting it with the beautiful, and how it relates to the picturesque and Gothic elements popular during the period.

15:08

📚 Romanticism in Literature and the Role of Poets

The fourth paragraph focuses on the use of ballads and lyrics by Romantic poets, who emphasized personal experiences and spirituality. It contrasts this with the Industrial Revolution, which was seen as corrupting nature. The paragraph mentions how some poems, like Blake's 'London,' expressed strong opposition to industrialization. It also discusses the recurring theme of children as symbols of innocence and purity, with Blake's 'The Lamb' as an example. The importance of memory in Romanticism is also highlighted, as seen in Wordsworth's recollection of daffodils.

20:10

📖 The Rise of the Novel and Women's Role in Literature

This paragraph discusses the rise of the novel during the Romantic period and the division between 'good' and 'bad' literature. It notes the emergence of professional writers and the economic motivations behind literature production. The paragraph also acknowledges the significant role women began to play in literature, mentioning Ann Radcliffe's Gothic novels and Jane Austen's social commentary. It further discusses Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' as a pioneering work in both Gothic and science fiction genres.

25:13

🎭 Conclusion and Preview of Future Content

The final paragraph summarizes the key aspects of Romanticism discussed so far and sets the stage for future videos that will delve deeper into the works of individual Romantic writers. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the movement's themes and context to interpret the works of Romantic poets and writers accurately.

Keywords

💡Romanticism

Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. It emphasized emotion and individualism, glorified the past and the natural world, and was characterized by its emphasis on freedom, imagination, and the beauty of nature. In the script, Romanticism is described as a movement that developed in different ways across Europe, involving various aspects and different moments, and is associated with the works of poets like Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge.

💡Age of Revolutions

The 'Age of Revolutions' refers to a period marked by the occurrence of several revolutionary events that had a profound impact on world history. These include the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars. The script mentions these revolutions as significant political changes that influenced the development of Romanticism and the socio-political climate of the time.

💡Imagination

Imagination is a key concept in Romanticism, referring to the creative power of the mind to produce ideas, images, or concepts not present to the senses. It was considered a vital force for creating art and was highly valued by Romantic poets. The script explains that imagination was seen as a way for poets to look deeper into things and to express what they saw through their 'inward eye'.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. It had a profound effect on the social, economic, and cultural landscape of Britain and Europe. In the script, it is mentioned as a significant change that caused social unrest and was often seen as an enemy by Romantic poets, who felt it was corrupting nature.

💡Nature

Nature is a central theme in Romantic literature and art. It is often portrayed as a source of inspiration, beauty, and spiritual truth. Romantics believed that nature was an organic living whole, and they often contrasted its purity with the corruption of industrial society. The script mentions how nature was a place where artists could find inspiration and 'hidden truths'.

💡Artist

In the context of the script, the 'artist' refers to the Romantic ideal of the creative individual who is free from the constraints of society and tradition. The artist is seen as someone who can express deep truths and emotions through their work. The script discusses how artists, especially poets, were seen as prophets who could use their imagination to see deeper into the world.

💡Sublime

The 'sublime' is a concept in aesthetics that refers to an experience of overwhelming awe or fear, often in response to natural phenomena or art. It is associated with the vast, the powerful, and the mysterious. In the script, the sublime is contrasted with the 'beautiful' and is exemplified in the works of poets like Blake and Coleridge, who wrote about powerful, awe-inspiring aspects of nature and experience.

💡Beautiful

The 'beautiful' in Romanticism refers to a sense of aesthetic pleasure and harmony. It is often associated with elements that are controlled, regular, and reassuring to the human spirit. The script contrasts this with the 'sublime' and gives Wordsworth as an example of a poet who focused on the beautiful aspects of nature.

💡Mythology

Mythology is the body of myths of a particular cultural tradition. In the context of Romanticism, mythology was used as a source of inspiration and symbolism, allowing artists to explore transcendental and metaphysical truths. The script mentions how imagery and myth were connected, and how they were used by artists to convey deeper meanings.

💡Gothic

The Gothic is a literary genre that combines elements of horror, romance, and the supernatural. It was influential during the Romantic period and is exemplified in the works of authors like Mary Shelley. The script refers to Gothic elements as being widespread and popular, particularly in the context of novels that explored dark, fearful themes.

💡Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law. The script mentions Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' and its advocacy for laissez-faire economic policies as an influence on the development of liberalism and its relation to the Romantic period's changing economic landscape.

Highlights

Introduction to Romanticism and its significance in European culture.

Romantic period as the 'Age of Revolutions' with political and ideological shifts.

American Revolution's impact on Britain's colonialism and the emergence of the Commonwealth.

French Revolution's influence on England and the rise of Napoleon's empire.

Britain's involvement in political changes and the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.

The Industrial Revolution and its profound effects on social and economic structures.

Social unrest due to the reactions of the working class against the middle class.

The Romantic movement as a pan-European phenomenon with diverse currents.

The role of poets like Blake and Wordsworth in capturing the spirit of the times.

German Romanticism's focus on philosophical aspects and the Sturm und Drang movement.

French Romanticism's emphasis on drama, literary criticism, and political elements.

The influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Romantic thought across Europe.

The rise of the middle class and its impact on the economy and society.

Adam Smith's 'The Wealth of Nations' and the principles of laissez-faire economics.

Key Romantic themes: imagination, the artist's freedom, nature, and the sublime.

The concept of the poet as a prophet and the use of imagination in their work.

Nature as a source of inspiration and the idea of organic living in Romanticism.

The division of beauty into 'beautiful' and 'sublime' in Romantic art and literature.

The use of ballads and lyrics in Romantic poetry to express personal experiences.

The opposition of nature to the Industrial Revolution in Romantic literature.

The importance of childhood and innocence in the works of William Blake.

The role of memory in Romantic poetry and its connection to imagination.

The rise of women writers in Romantic literature, such as Ann Radcliffe and Jane Austen.

Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' as an early example of science fiction within Gothic literature.

The distinction between 'good' and 'bad' literature in the Romantic period.

Transcripts

[Music]

hi everybody we all know that one of the

most studied and considered periods and

not only in in English literature

battalion European culture is Romantic

period romanticism so my idea today is

to give you a sort of an introduction

short maybe but complete introduction in

order to be able to understand social

and historical context but also to

somehow to remember some key concepts

some ideas that will help us then study

some on the poet's or the greatest

writers and intellectuals of the time so

first of all we have to remember that

romanticism was the so-called age of

revolutions which revolutions are we

talking about first of all the American

Declaration of Independence was signed

and that was something completely new

the American Revolution changed

completely the attitude and the idea of

England of Britain and concerning

colonialism concerning the Empire that

was a great loss and then after some

time during Korean age we have a new

idea of empire developed by Queen

Victoria that was absolutely important

to develop economy English economy and

so we can talk about the Commonwealth

and another kind of Empire so this is a

complete change okay concern in the idea

of colonialism and concerning the idea

of Empire then a second revolution we

can remember extremely important not

just a political revolution a revolution

sorry but also an ideological revolution

is french revolution obviously which

created both enthusiasm

side and on the other side also

radicalism sometimes especially in

England and then after the French French

Revolution we know that we know that

Napoleon started his own empire and that

somehow also involved England and we

have to remember that in 1815 when

Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo it was

the Duke of Wellington who actually led

the battle so we can say that Britain is

extremely involved in the political

changes of the time now only say when we

talk about age of revolution we don't

talk just about revolution political

revolutions they can say so but also

some other kinds of changes Industrial

Revolution first of all that's

revolution that developed specifically

during the end of the 18th century and

so then during the 19th century changed

completely the social structure the

economical structure of Britain and that

of Europe of course it could also cause

a very large quantity of social unrest

okay especially because of the reaction

of the working class okay against the

the owners against the middle class most

of the times it also provoked some other

changes in some other fields like for

example we can talk about agricultural

revolution we can talk about transport

revolution this is also very important

just not just as far as economy is

concerned as far as trade is concerned

but we knew that transport means mean

that not only goons can travel can

travel across Britain or across across

Europe but also people travel and so

ideas travel in less time for a longer

for a longer path so generally we can

consider that intellectuals during the

Romantic period and we have to remember

that when we talk about Romanticism we

are talking about a movement not

occurrence because this movement is

formed by many different currencies

throughout Europe because it involves

all Europe in different moments moments

and focus in different aspects and we'll

see this so this this period provoked

call the sort of an enthusiasm okay in

especially in in the poets and the time

we're talking about Blake Wordsworth or

choleric they had this feeling that they

could be present in such a sort of an

apocalyptic moment okay in Europe and so

they that provoked sort of of a new

energy and enthusiasm in their works

obviously as I said before romanticism

developed in a different way is in

different ways sorry in different

countries like for example in in Germany

first of all we have to remember that

romanticism in in Germany started from

the Sturm and Drang okay started from

the strimmin drug that developed more or

less and 70 1770 more or more or less

and so it developed from there and it

was especially focused on the

philosophical aspect then in England of

course we'll see it obviously later it's

a pretty much about poetry and the idea

of poetry and the the ideal of the poet

profit for example in France I have the

FRA

romanticism was baseless focus on drama

on literary criticism and obviously

there was also a strong political

element because of the other period

events important period of revolutions

of France was living we can also

remember that Rousseau Rousseau

jean-jacques Rousseau influenced the

thought of many romantic intellectuals

throughout all Europe and we can

remember that the idea was so the

philosopher was concerned the human

being that was considered to be good

okay to be essentially good in nature

and then he he was potentially corrupted

by society by the structural society and

especially by private property property

sorry okay so this was a very

interesting philosophy that could really

influence many many intellectuals and

especially poets Italy well Italy came a

little later but in in Italy romanticism

was also and especially based on the

idea or the development of the novel and

a poetry as well so this period period

as I said before was especially based on

a sort of a new economy new economy

which was based on the middle class okay

and this rising class was extremely

strong at the moment and the middle

class upper middle class was now ruling

the economical and the social world

there is especially one work that

includes the thought the economical

thought but also the perspective towards

government

such was the idea of of state which was

written by Adam Smith okay was written

by Adam Smith in 70

seventy-six and it was called The Wealth

of Nations it was based on a principle

on Honor on a concept that was called

Lisa Fair which is French and it means

it it's and sometimes expresses the idea

that there should be no interference

okay no action of the government in

economical policies and in economical

actions in general this is a very modern

point of view and we can say that from

this moment on we can start to consider

ok the rooms of the future capitalism

liberalism liberalism which is something

different so back to our literature back

to arts in general I told you we would

have fixed some key concepts some key

points ok that represent art a

literature in general talking

specifically about England but as I told

you before this is this this is

influencing also culture throughout all

Europe we can say that the first

important point first important theme is

the stress on imagination imagination is

a absolute key word when we talk about

Romanticism imaginations of subjectivity

somehow so a personal point of view a

personal perspective especially the poet

was considered the one who really who

could really use imagination through his

own in Ward I in Ward I is a word that

William Wordsworth

uses in his work I wandered lonely as a

cloud or the daffodils if you prefer and

he really talked about this I that was

I of imagination through each other poet

himself in this case that were able to

to understand to see deeper into things

to understand to watch okay and

imagination one a sort of a lens through

this lens they could understand more

they can see more than other people so

imagination is absolutely important and

probably this this was also the point

that inspired the definition of the poet

as poet prophet because actually the

poet was able able to look deeper into

things and to convey okay and to express

what they could understand through art

okay in order to let to help other

people to understand what they could

really see using their inward eye which

was something special they had that's

what that was why they were called forth

prophets so second key point is a second

key concept first one stress on

imagination the second one is about the

artist the artist is now free is

completely free from we can say any kind

of rule we're not just talking about

social rules or social aspects of you're

also talking about artistic aspects he's

free from neoclassicism

for example absolutely free which

reminds us of the concept of the genie

in in the stew on drunk in in Germany

the genie was the Intel genius we can

say in translation but Chinese concept

somehow Express this independence of the

intellectual okay who was absolutely

we're self-conscious and independent

this is also very important so third

concept third point says first one was

the stress on the imagination second is

the artist okay who is completely freeze

of freedom independence of the artist

second keeps the key concept is nature

nature is the most important topic when

when considering romanticism nature is

the inspiration okay

of all artists of all poets and not only

nature was the place where artists could

find their inspiration and it was also

the place were the true were we can say

hidden truths could be find could be

found sorry

so nature nature is considered as an

organic living all which means that in

nature we found spirituality and the

concept of of of nature is a very

fantastic concept okay so now we are

developing a new idea also of spiritual

of spirituality everything inside nature

is alive and nature is this organic all

organic living oh okay completely new

concept and absolutely very very very

present in poetry especially first one

so last fourth and last key concept I

remember again first one was stressing

imagination that independence of the

artisan nature as an organic leaving all

and fourth point is imagining so imagine

also connected to the idea of myth for

example of Mythology a symbolism this is

also interesting because

this imagery was also you can say was

also connected with the idea of the

artists that could see Luke deeper into

things okay using his imagination as we

said before and he could be able to

understand to to find out that sort of a

trascendental that sort of a super

sensible truth okay that metaphysical

truth that other people couldn't

actually understand couldn't actually

touch somehow Burcham be considered the

idea of how beauty how the concept of

beauty was treated at the time was

considered at the time and it divided

the concept of beauty into two parts one

concern what is beautiful and the other

side sublime so beautiful is that beauty

okay

that beautiful concern all those

elements that were somehow controlled

regular tamed we can say that worsen

somehow reassuring for the human being

it was a delicate balance somehow on the

other side we have the sublime the

sublime is something something

completely different it also belongs to

the idea of beauty but it is huge

it's dangerous it could be even fatal

somehow okay and still it is absolutely

fascinating and it attracts the human

being okay so from the study from the

concept of sublime yeah because the

development of another country another

concept which is picturesque

and picturesque influences all the

Gothic elements and all the gothic

currencies we have in this period which

are very very popular and widespread we

talked to my previous video about

Frankenstein or the modern prometheus by

Mary Shelley so there are obviously some

authors that are inspired by the concept

of beautiful and others from the context

from the concept of sublime when talking

about beautiful we can mention

Wordsworth for example when we talk

about the sublime and we can mention

courage they wrote together the lyrical

ballads but they talked and wrote from

two opposite perspectives and Blake as

well in his own work works and Songs of

Innocence particularly in the land he

represented the beautiful side of art in

his other work his other collection

Songs of Experience in particular the

tiger he talked about the idea of

sublime all them where truth coloration

Blake were all belonging to the first

generation of Romantic poets and we have

the second generation layer Lord Byron

we have Percy Bysshe Shelley we have

John tease for example and I develop

their own idea of not only beautiful or

sublime but also other aspects like for

example desperate and tragic love like

for example the role a different role or

in Lord Byron of the individual okay and

his own study in dependence or in a

Percy Bysshe Shelley's case another idea

of art which should

some somehow in a huge net or elements

of mythology and history of arts and

some also falter if six element and so

on so completely different ideas and

perspectives perspectives because as I

told you romanticism is a great movement

and inside this movement we have a lot

of different currencies a lot of

different points of view when talking

about poetry it's important to remember

that poets at the time use particularly

ballads ballads and lyrics in general

Kalia mentioned before for example the

lyrical ballads by were certain color

age okay when talking about color ichika

mentioned the Rime of the Ancient

Mariner one of the most famous balance

and Romantic period they were all based

as I said before on a sort of a personal

experience personal experience of the

world of spirituality personal

perception okay of the world of nature

especially as we said before nature that

was somehow opposed okay to Industrial

Revolution Industrial Revolution was now

seen as an enemy that was corrupting

nature and some poems expressed that in

a very strong way let's think for

example let's think of London by Blake

by William Blake he talked about the

city that was corrupted that was salt as

a prostitute that was becoming dark

because of pollution Blake again wrote

the chimney sweeper in this case we have

the child which is the we can say the

symbol of purity that

is exploited which is corrupted by this

new system childhood actually children

were also a very important theme very

recurrent and cyclic theme in in

Romanticism they're always the symbol of

innocence and purity talking about Blake

we can remember that lamb in that sense

of experience was the symbol of

innocence was the symbol of childhood

and in this case we have also a

Christian symbolism and firmly we can

say that Blake was one of the last

Romantic poets who actually talked or

used a Christian symbolism but the lamb

is also a very strong symbol for Christ

okay so then talking about imagination I

have mentioned before they wandered

lonely as a cloud

this is absolutely iconic its iconic

because the idea of the poet that can

experience something very simple like

watching their food is like watching the

small flowers and then when he gets back

home he remembers he remembers these

flowers using is his inward eye we have

mentioned before he he gets back to them

so memory is another important very

strong element and concept of

Romanticism now we have talked about

poetry because poetry is as I said one

of the symbols one of the most important

elements of Romanticism but we don't

have to remember to to forget that also

fiction okay was somehow important and

represented here section that was

specifically

meant for entertainment at the time so

in this case we have that concept we

have talked about that in my video about

the rise of the novel of the of the

modern novel we have this a sort of a

division or discussion about good

literature and bad literature some bad

literature concern especially all those

words that were just meant for the

market ok the general just meant to sell

basically and normally they had some

mechanical cliches and some very

mechanical plots with a forced happy

ending ok and this pattern was only

meant to please the public somehow in

fact during the 18th and the 19th

century we started to talk about

professional writers ok and I had to

consider writing as a true work and they

had to give their literary product ok to

publishing houses this is why often we

talk about this good literature and this

bad literature that was especially based

on a sort of an economical need we can

say so but anyway we have great

novelists we have absolutely great

novelists in in the Indus period in a

romantic period and we can say that

women started to play an important role

in literature we can mention for example

and an Radcliffe who was so

representative for the Gothic currents

ok with their novels full of fearful

events and gloomy and creepy aspects and

and settings for example Jane Austen

Jenelle says something completely

different from Ann Radcliffe absolutely

opposites that she wrote her noble

manners in which she talked about her

social class which was the gentry and

appearances and manners and KC

conventions okay that belong to her

so-called

small world she represented this world

with a sort of an affection because she

belonged to it but at the same time she

also criticized it in a very subtle way

okay with a small irony and she

criticized the exaggerations okay she

criticized the exaggeration of

appearances the lack of

self-consciousness sometimes the lack of

we can say the lack of generosity and

also during this time also dramatic

period we have talked about her during

my my last video we can mention Mary

Shelley a cursor she was also so

important as father as as the as the the

gothic novel is concerned she wrote

Frankenstein and we can remember all the

important elements she introduced for

the first time in literature because it

was a gothic novel this is true it was

gothic fiction but it was for the very

first time in history also science

fiction okay so this is sort of a of a

big picture okay in which we can somehow

find our our intellectuals our ports our

writers and we'll talk about all of them

in detail but if we remember these

aspects we are absolutely able to give

an interpretation or larger

interpretation to their works I hope

this is useful for you and

I'll see you later okay with my next

video about dramatic pose thank you very

much and see you very very soon

[Music]